9 Interview Analysis ‐ Validation 37
9.9 External Factors 50
9.9.1
Media
Media attention plays a role in the adoption of cryptocurrencies. Imad Qutob mentioned that when
Thuisbezorgd.nl started to accept bitcoins as payment they got a lot of media attention. While there are many
different alt‐coins, most media attention goes toward Bitcoin as the first and most popular cryptocurrency.
Jacob Boersma remarks that the feedback loop of volatility is sensitive to media attention, however this
feedback loop seems to have become weaker in the past few months. Gaston Aussems sees from his position
as a PSP that there are a lot of new bitcoin companies starting and he thinks that not all of them will survive,
leading to negative publicity.
Jouke Hofman states that media also can have a negative influence. This is also the opinion of Rob Voster:
“Media will mostly focus on the negative aspects of cryptocurrencies.” –Rob Voster
Robert‐Reinder Nederhoed also mentions that he thinks it is strange that there is so much focus on the bad
things that happen. This focus on the negative side of cryptocurrency might be because it is not tangible and
comes in the media as something that people do not really understand is Rob Vosters’ argumentation. This
lack of understanding is also cited by Dennis de Vries:
“The media have an interesting role, there is nearly no article regarding cryptocurrencies that is factually correct.” –Dennis de Vries
Concluding: the interviewees see media as being capable of having both a negative and positive influence on adoption. Dennis de Vries states that articles in the media are often incorrect.
9.9.2
Regulation
All interviewees agree on the fact that regulation has its impact on adoption. However the way in which
“It really depends on the type of governmental policy what the influence is on adoption and this can go both ways, negative and positive.” –Kim Gunnink & Mirjam Plooij
The DNB states that regulation on a European level is necessary and preferably on a worldwide scale. However
the DNB also states that at the moment cryptocurrencies are too small to fall under regulation, although there
is no hard boundary on when it is big enough to require this.
In the current state there is no regulation and there is a lot of uncertainty about what will happen in the
future. The opinion of most interviewees is that this is not a good situation as many companies are holding
back and waiting for regulation in order to act and possibly start a business. However Jouke Hofman sees this
differently:
“Due to the lack of regulation it is very easy for startups in the bitcoin space to start their own business.” –Jouke Hofman
Although this lack of regulation makes that there are low barriers of entry for a startup, Jouke does argue that
there needs to be more regulation in order to protect the customer/end‐user. The current lack of rules
facilitates fraud in the bitcoin system. Sander Regtuijt thinks that more adoption will lead to more regulation
as the market grows. Dennis de Vries argues that worldwide regulation of cryptocurrencies is necessary but
difficult:
“The question is whether it (bitcoin) will evolve in to a more regulated accepted version or will it go underground?
As a regulator the only real instrument you have to influence the ecosystem are the exchanges.”
–Dennis de Vries
Finally Simon Lelieveldt and Rob Voster specifically argue that there needs to be more regulation for the
bitcoin exchanges where bitcoin is traded for fiat currency.
Concluding: all interviewees agree that regulation is necessary. Jouke Hofman also sees an advantage of the current lack of regulation: this makes it easy for entrepreneurs to start their own business.
9.9.3
Role models
The influence of role models on adoption is only discussed by one interviewee, Jouke Hofman. He states that
role models are important and refers to the case of Thuisbezorgd.nl who started accepting bitcoin payments.
When he tells this to people when speaking about bitcoin it inspires confidence because everybody knows
Thuisbezorgd.nl as a website you can trust. However role models can also have a negative influence he states
and refers to Charlie Shrem. Shrem was the CEO and founder of bitcoin exchange BitInstant and was accused
of enabling money laundering through his website.
Concluding: the influence of role models seems to be limited as there is only one interviewee talking about the subject.
9.9.4
User base & use by business
These two topics both only had one quote. Interviewees suggested that it might be more logical to place these
two topics inside the “adoption” process. This because of course: the amount of users that uses
cryptocurrencies and the amount of businesses that offers the possibility to pay with cryptocurrencies is
exactly what adoption is! The initial reasoning behind placing these two factors in the external factors section
was that adoption fuels adoption, both adoption by users and adoption by business. It is a chicken and egg
problem. For businesses to offer cryptocurrency payments it is only interesting if there are a lot of users and
for potential adopters it is only interesting to adopt if there are places where one can pay with
cryptocurrencies.
In order to make the model more logical and incorporate the feedback during the interview process these two
factors were removed from the external factors. The adoption process has got a feedback loop to itself,
signaling the fact that adoption leads to more adoption.
Concluding: this factor does not seem applicable here and needs to be moved inside the adoption process.