8.12 Bit-Error-Rate Test (BERT) Function
The bit-error-rate tester (BERT) block can generate and detect both pseudorandom and repeating bit patterns. It is used to test and stress data-communication links. BERT functionality is dedicated for each of the transceivers.
Table 8-35 shows the registers related to the configure, control, and status of the BERT.
Table 8-35. Registers Related to BERT Configure, Control, and Status
REGISTER FRAMER
ADDRESSES FUNCTION
Global BERT Interrupt Status Register
(GBISR) 0FAh When the BERT issues an interrupt, a bit is set.
Global BERT Interrupt Mask Register
(GBIMR) 0FDh When the BERT issues an interrupt, a bit is set.
Receive Expansion Port Control Register
(RXPC) 08Ah Enable for the receiver BERT.
Receive BERT Port Bit Suppress Register
(RBPBS) 08Bh Bit suppression for the receive BERT.
Receive BERT Port Channel Select Registers 1 to 4 (RBPCS1:RBPCS4)
0D4h, 0D5h, 0D6h, 0D7h
Channels to be enabled for the framer to accept data from the BERT pattern generator.
Transmit Expansion Port Control Register
(TXPC) 18Ah Enable for the transmitter BERT
Transmit BERT Port Bit Suppress
Register (TBPBS) 18Bh Bit suppression for the transmit BERT Transmit BERT Port Channel Select
Registers 1 to 4 (TBPCS1:TBPCS4)
1D4h, 1D5h, 1D6h, 1D7h
Channels to be enabled for the framer to accept data from the transmit BERT pattern generator.
BERT Alternating Word Count Rate
Register (BAWC) 1100h BERT alternating pattern count register.
BERT Repetitive Pattern Set Register 1
(BRP1) 1101h BERT repetitive pattern set register 1.
BERT Repetitive Pattern Set Register 2
(BRP2) 1102h BERT repetitive pattern set register 2.
BERT Repetitive Pattern Set Register 3
(BRP3) 1103h BERT repetitive pattern set register 3.
BERT Repetitive Pattern Set Register 4
(BRP4) 1104h BERT repetitive pattern set register 4.
BERT Control Register 1 (BC1) 1105h Pattern selection and miscellaneous control.
BERT Control Register 2 (BC2) 1106h BERT bit pattern length control.
BERT Bit Count Register 1 (BBC1) 1107h BERT bit counter—increments for BERT bit clocks.
BERT Bit Count Register 2 (BBC2) 1108h BERT bit counter.
BERT Bit Count Register 3 (BBC3) 1109h BERT bit counter.
BERT Bit Count Register 4 (BBC4) 110Ah BERT bit counter.
BERT Error Count Register 1 (BEC1) 110Bh BERT error counter.
BERT Error Count Register 2 (BEC2) 110Ch BERT error counter.
BERT Error Count Register 3 (BEC3) 110Dh BERT error counter.
BERT Latched Status Register (BLSR) 110Eh BERT status registers—denotes synchronization loss and other status.
BERT Status Interrupt Mask Register
(BSIM) 110Fh BERT Interrupt mask.
The BERT block can generate and detect the following patterns:
• The pseudorandom patterns 2E7-1, 2E9-1, 2E11-1, 2E15-1, and QRSS
• A repetitive pattern from 1 to 32 bits in length
• Alternating (16-bit) words that flip every 1 to 256 words
• Daly pattern
The BERT function must be enabled and configured in the TXPC and RXPC registers for each port. The BERT can then be assigned on a per-channel basis for both the transmitter and receiver, using the special per-channel function in the TBPCS1:TBPCS4 and RBCS1:RBCS4 registers. Individual bit positions within the channels can be suppressed with the TBPBS and RBPBS registers. Using combinations of these functions, the BERT pattern can be transmitted and/or received in single or across multiple DS0s, contiguous or broken. Transmit and receive bandwidth assignments are independent of each other.
The BERT receiver has a 32-bit bit counter and a 24-bit error counter. The BERT receiver can generate interrupts on: a change in receive-synchronizer status, receive all zeros, receive all ones, error counter overflow, bit counter overflow, and bit error detection. Interrupts from each of these events can be masked within the BERT function via the BERT Status Interrupt Mask register (BSIM). If the software detects that the BERT has reported an event, then the software must read the BERT Latched Status register (BLSR) to determine which event(s) has occurred.
8.12.1 BERT Repetitive Pattern Set
These registers must be properly loaded for the BERT to generate and synchronize to a repetitive pattern, a pseudorandom pattern, alternating word pattern, or a Daly pattern. For a repetitive pattern that is fewer than 32 bits, the pattern should be repeated so that all 32 bits are used to describe the pattern. For example, if the pattern was the repeating 5-bit pattern …01101… (where the rightmost bit is the one sent first and received first), then BRP1 should be loaded with ADh, BRP2 with B5h, BRP3 with D6h, and BRP4 should be loaded with 5Ah. For a pseudorandom pattern, all four registers should be loaded with all ones (i.e., FFh). For an alternating word pattern, one word should be placed into BRP1 and BRP2 and the other word should be placed into BRP3 and BRP4. For example, if the DDS stress pattern “7E” is to be described, the user would place 00h in BRP1, 00h in BRP2, 7Eh in BRP3, and 7Eh in BRP4, and the alternating word counter would be set to 50 (decimal) to allow 100 bytes of 00h followed by 100 bytes of 7Eh to be sent and received.
8.12.2 BERT Error Counter
Once the BERT has achieved synchronization, this 24-bit counter will increment for each data bit received in error.
Toggling the LC control bit in BC1 can clear this counter. This counter saturates when full and will set the BECO status bit in the BLSR register.
9. DEVICE REGISTERS
Thirteen address bits are used to control the settings of the registers. The address map is compatible with the Dallas Semiconductor dual framer product, DS26522.
The registers control functions of the framers, LIU, and BERT within the DS26521. Global registers (applicable to the transceiver and BERT) are located within the address space of the framer.
The register details are provided in the following tables. Thirteen address bits are needed to decode the register range. However, address bits A9, A10, and A11 are internally pulled to ground and do not come out to a pin. These bits are not needed to access any available register on the DS26521. The address range was mapped this way to preserve software compatibility with the register maps of the TEX-series transceiver family of devices (DS26528, DS26524, and DS26522). This allows for reuse of software developed for the DS26528 octal, for example, without remapping the registers.
All interrupt information register bits are real-time bits that clear once the appropriate interrupt has been serviced and cleared, as long as no additional, unmasked interrupt condition is present in the associated status register.
All latched status bits must be cleared by the host writing a 1 to the bit location of the interrupt condition that has been serviced. Latched status bits that have been masked via interrupt mask registers are masked from the interrupt information registers.