Filtering (formerly referred to as Sorting) is a technique used to narrow down the list of entities to a more manageable and workable selection. In reality, most users are only interested in a subset of their working projects. The concept of Filtering in OFM has proven to be very useful for all users as good filter criteria can really optimize the time to perform analysis, guarantee correct results, and maximize productivity. The OFM Filter pane is pictured below.
The toolbar at the top of the Filter pane enables you to quickly perform filtering functions. The table below provides a brief description of each of the functions.
Filter Toolbar
Icon Action Description
Group Groups all selected items.
Clear Clear any previously applied filter.
Save To Well List Displays the Well List dialog enabling you to save selected wells to a list file.
Save To Archive Displays the Add Filter Archive dialog enabling you to save the current filter to the filter archive.
Save To Scatter Set Displays the Save As Scatter Set File enabling you to save the selected wells to a scatter set.
Invert Exclude the returned filter results.
Group Name Displays the Edit Group Name dialog enabling you to name groups of completions.
Filter By Completion Displays the Filter By Completion dialog enabling you to create a subset of data by selecting one or more records of the filter option.
Details Displays the Filter Details dialog.
Note: One of the most frequently used Filter operations is Clear. To guarantee that your filter criteria is applied to the entire set of wells (entities), clear any previously applied filters (unless you want to perform nested filters).
Learning Objectives
In this module, you will successfully learn how to perform the following filtering procedure:
• Filter by Completion
• Filter by Table Data
• Using Step Functionality
• Project Filtering
• Other Filtering Methods
Filter by Completion
The Filter by Completion option is used to create a subset of data by selecting one or more record of the filter option columns. Filter by Completions dialog box displays by default two columns in one screen, the first one is fixed and is the Completions column the second one is not fixed and user can select one of these categories – Alias, Fieldname, Lease, Logdata, Reservoir,
Sandname, Uniqueid, or Welltype.
1. Open the Demo2005 project.
2. From the Filter pane click , Filter By Completion. The Filter By Completion dialog displays.
In previous OFM releases, only the full Completion name could be displayed in the list for user defined selections. OFM 2005 by default displays both the full completion and alias name in one screen. Additionally, a user may change the view from Alias to another category for display in the second column by selection the Second Column Info drop-down list. The CTRL or Shift keys help the user to select multiple wells or entities of interest. Clicking the column headers will sort the well entities automatically.
3. While holding the CTRL key on your keyboard, use the mouse to select the following completions:
Clear will remove any previous selections. Select All will highlight all
completions. Exclude reverses the selection and selects any completions that were not highlighted.
4. Click OK the Filter by Completions dialog closes.
5. Select Edit>Map>Annotations. The Map Annotations dialog displays.
6. Uncheck Display active map annotations and click OK.
7. The basemap does not adjust to display the selected wells (zoom). You can ask OFM to automatically zoom in the selected wells by selecting Tools>Settings. The Settings dialog displays.
8. Select the Maps tab.
9. Check Auto zoom map around selected wells.
10. Click OK to close the Settings dialog.
11. From the Filter pane click the , Group All Selected Items icon. The wells are shown in magenta indicating that they have been loaded into memory as one entity.
12. Locate the Step toolbar at the top of the OFM main window.
13. Click the drop-down arrow and select the first well, Blue_1:He_0.
The basemap now only has one well highlighted in magenta, Blue_1.
Filter by Table Data
To select well (entities) that have data in a certain table, use the Filter by Table Data option. For example, you may have a well type field built to your project, which consists of oil, gas, and water wells. You want to select the wells that have historical oil production. Selecting the oil wells from a category may not satisfy the criteria, as some wells that are tagged as oil wells may not have any production. Therefore, selecting the wells from the production table is a better solution. Now let’s try to simulate this procedure.
1. Clear the filter from the previous exercise.
2. Expand the Table Data node located in the Filter pane.
3. Select MONTHLYPROD table from the list of tables. The basemap returns all wells with production data.
Note: The output data at the top of the filter pane. It shows that 120 wells meet the filter criteria. In other words, 120 wells have valid data in the
MONTHLYPROD table.
4. Clear the filter.
5. Select wells that have test data select TEST table. A list of 21 wells that meet this filter criterion is returned.
6. Now filter the wells that have records in both the MONTHLYPROD and TEST tables for comparison. Select MONTHLYPROD and TEST tables from the list.
Question
What do you think the results mean? Why 20 and not 21? Can you single out the difference (well name)?
Filter by Category
The prerequisite for this operation is that the categories used have to be previously defined in the project. For example, take a look at the wells that belong to the BERRINGER lease (provided that LEASE is a category).
1. Expand the Category node and select LEASE.
2. Select BERRINGER. The basemap shows 94 wells that belong to the BERRINGER lease.
3. Clear the filter.
4. To select wells in either BERRINGER or TRAMMEL, select both checkboxes. The basemap shows 129 wells. Obviously, the TRAMMEL lease has 35 wells (129-94=35).
5. Clear the filter.
6. Select wells that are in BERRINGER and belong to the ADOBE reservoir.
7. Select BERRINGER from the list of available leases.
8. Expand the RESERVOIR node and select all ADOBE reservoirs.
Question
Select the oil wells that belong to the LITMUS reservoirs. How many wells are there?
Filter by Match
OFM also provides a Filter by Match option. This enables you to search for the list of desired wells. The match can be performed by well name or alias name.
1. From the Filter pane select Match and right-click. A shortcut menu displays.
2. Select Add. The Match dialog displays.
3. In the Completion Key Match field type BL*. This option is not case sensitive.
4. Click OK. The Match dialog closes and you are returned to the OFM main window.
5. Check Match 1 in the Filter pane.
Note: The map displays 40 wells that satisfy the filter criteria.
6. Select Match1 and right-click. Select Edit from the shortcut menu. The Match window displays.
7. In the Completion Key Match field type B*.
8. OFM allows you to input multiple search criteria. Select Match and right-click.
9. Select Add from the shortcut menu. The Match dialog displays.
10. In the Completion Key Match field type R*.
11. Check Match2. The basemap returns 68 wells.
Note: If you have a list of search criteria (search characters), you may want to save that with the Save option and re-use that list with the Open option.
Filter by Query
So far, we have gone through several filter techniques that deal with entities (i.e. well name) and data at static level (i.e. sort category value). But the most important data are production data, which change over time. To filter to that dynamic level of data, use Filter by Query.
For example, select the wells that have produced more than 500 bbls per month at least once in their production history.
1. From the Filter pane select OFM Query and right-click. A shortcut menu displays.
2. Select Add. The OFM Query window displays.
Note: If queries were not previously created, you have to create one by clicking Edit.
3. Click Edit. The Create Query dialog displays.
Note: For those of you who are familiar with query languages such as SQL, this interface mimics the WHERE portion of your query statement (pay attention to the built-in Select UNIQUEID where at the top of the window).
4. In the text window below Select UNIQUEID Where, enter Monthlyprod.Oil>500.
Tips
• Monthlyprod.Oil is an input variable. It can be found from the Project Variables list. Click the Project Variables button and select the Monthlyprod.Oil variable from the list. Click Add (or double-click the variable to add it to the above window). All variables in the project can be found and added this way.
• They keypad can be used to add non-text characters, logical
operators, and keywords used in a typical query statement (if you don’t want to use the keyboard). The Delete and Clear buttons provide quick editing capability. Please keep in mind that in OFM, AND operator is represented by the “&” (ampersand) character, OR operator is represented by the “|” (vertical bar) character, and NOT operator is denoted by the “!” (exclamation mark).
• All the text characters are not case-sensitive.
5. Click OK to return to the OFM Query window. The filter query statement appears next to the Edit button.
6. Since we want to get the wells that produced more than 500 bbl a month at least one time, enter 1 at the time(s) box. Leaving it at 0 would yield the same result, as 0 means default in OFM, and the default occurrence is 1. Click OK.
7. From the Filter pane, select the checkbox to the left of the newly created query. The Basemap appears with 99 wells.
8. Clear the filter and re-access the OFM Query window.
Query Option Definition
Group By You can apply the query criteria to any category level, as well as the completion and alias level, using this drop-down list. If you use another entity here rather than the completion level, the filter criteria will be applied to the grouped values.
Edit You can choose & edit the expression to screen down the number of wells .
“Is met” Or “Is not
met” This text box is where you specify how many times you want the query criteria to be applied to the data.
Consecutively This option works together with “Is met or Is not met “ to specify that those occurrences have to be consecutive, not random.
OK To save the query criteria and settings.
Defaults Restores the expression criteria to its original settings.
9. In the Filter by Query window, click Edit.
10. In the OFM Query dialog, enter Monthlyprod.Oil > 500 & Date >=
19900101.
11. In the above statement, with the AND operation, the command told OFM to only apply the filter to monthly oil production records from January 1st, 1990, ignoring all records before that date.
12. Click OK, to open the OFM Query window. Enter 3 in the Occurrences box to check for at least three instances the criteria are met. Make sure the Consecutively box is not checked.
13. Click OK to run the query.
14. Select the checkbox to the left of the newly created query – OFM Query 2.
Thirty-one wells return, meaning each of those 31 wells has produced at least 500 barrels of oil per month more than (or equal to) three times in its producing history since 1990.
15. Select OFM Query2 and right-click.
16. Select Edit. The Create Query dialog displays.
17. Nesting in another condition to check for gas production (i.e. searching for the wells that have high oil and low gas production). Append this line to the end of the previous query statement, & Monthlyprod.Gas < 500000.
18. Rerun the query, only 18 wells return.
19. Select OFM Query2 and right-click.
20. Select Edit. The Create Query dialog displays.
21. Add in the parentheses to the query statement. Enter (Monthlyprod.Oil >
500) & (Monthlyprod.Gas < 500000) & (Date > = 19900101).
22. Now rerun the query. It will return the same result. However, by adding parentheses, the query statement is more readable and manageable. The order of precedence is very important in any type of query language.
Parentheses verify that the query is evaluated in the order that the user specifies and helps avoid unnecessary errors. It is recommended that you get into the habit of adding parentheses.
23. Use the Filter by Query to find the wells that produce at least 5000 bbl of oil or 2000000 scf of gas for at least 3 consecutive times since 1990. Your query should return 19 wells.
24. Use the Filter by Query to find the wells that produce at least 50 bbl of oil for at least 3 consecutive times since 1998. Save the query as
Prod_Wells98. Your query should return 18 wells.
25. From the Filter pane, click the Save icon and select To Well List.
26. Save it to your desired directory as Prod_Wells98.txt. You may be using this list for future tasks (i.e. Forecasting).
27. Select the Filter Archive tab located at the base of the Filter pane. Select the Archive node, right-click and select Add. A new node is added.
28. Rename the node Prod_Wells98.
Note: OFM supports nested filtering (or stage filtering). That means you can apply your current filter on the previously filtered list. This operation cannot involve Clear Filter.
29. To filter the wells producing more than 2000 bbl of oil, have test
information, and belong to the BERRINGER lease. Expand the Category node, then the LEASE node, and check BERRINGER.
Note: You can have all the arguments in a logically combined query statement, but the statement then could be very difficult to maintain, troubleshoot, and understand (not taking into account the limitation of the query statement buffer size).
30. Expand the Table Data node and select TEST table.
31. Select OFM Query and right click. Select Add from the shortcut menu.
The OFM Query window displays.
32. Click Edit. The Create Query window displays.
33. Type Monthlyprod.Oil>2000.
34. Click OK to run the query. The result of your nested filter is displayed. Do not clear the filter.
Others
There are many more features related to Filtering. They are listed in the table below.
Icon Action Description
Invert Filter
Inverts the selection and selects the wells that do not meet the filter criteria.
None Filter by DCA Data Applies for the wells that have forecast data.
Flagged Items
When you are plotting information for the wells and would like to save some of them into a list to come back and perform further analysis you can flag (mark) them. Then after you close the plot window, you can ask OFM to retrieve such a list of wells by using this feature.
Save Well List Saves filter to Well List.
Save Scatter Set Saves filter to Scatter Set.
Save Archive Saves filter to Archive.
Invert Filter
The Invert Filter command enables you to exclude the returned results of the filter criteria by inverting the selection and selecting the wells that do not meet the filter criteria.
1. Apply the desired filter. The filter is applied to the wells displayed on the basemap.
2. Click the Invert Filter icon. The reverse action is applied to the basemap.
Filter by DCA Data
The DCA Data filtering option enables you to select decline curve analysis cases by phase or ration parameters.
1. Expand the DCA Data node in the Filter Pane.
2. Select one or more decline curve analysis cases.
3. Expand the Cases folder and select phase or ratio parameters to include in the filtered cases.
Flagged Items
1. Use the Step Toolbar to view the well completions by clicking the First, Previous, Next, or Last icons.
2. Click the Flag icon, . A flag is displayed near the flagged well on the basemap.
3. Continue to flag any other wells of interest.
4. From the Filter pane, click Filter by Completion, . The Filter by
Completion dialog displays. Notice that the Select Flag button is enabled.
5. Click Select Flag to select the components that have been flagged.
6. Click OK. The Filter By Completion dialog closes and only the flagged completions are displayed on the basemap.
Save
The filter can be saved in three forms – well list, scatter set, and archive.
Well List
Well list stores the information of all the wells that meet the filter criteria in the text file format in the form of Unique IDs.
1. From the Filter Pane, click the Save to Well List icon. The Well List dialog displays.
2. Enter the desired name in the File Name field and click Save.
3. To apply the filter from a previously created well list file, select the Well List node, right-click, and select Add.
4. Select the name of the previously saved *.txt file.
Scatter Set
Scatter Set contains the well Unique IDs either by category or filter name.
Categories can be field name, lease, log data, reservoir, or well type.
1. From the Filter Pane, click the Save to Scatter Set icon. The Save As Scatter Set File dialog displays.
2. Enter the desired name in the Current Filter As list field.
3. Select the Category radio button and select the desired category type.
4. Click OK.
Filter Archive
In query, you can save the query setup and/or the query result. In other filter techniques, you can save the result, as the setup is not that important.
However, if your filter procedure involves many steps (i.e. nested filter), it
would be useful to save the procedure (steps) itself. Filter Archive helps you achieve that goal.
1. After applying the filter, click the drop-down arrow to the right of the save icon and select To Archive.
2. The Add Filter Archive dialog displays.
3. Enter a name in the Filter Archive Name list field and click OK.
4. Select the Archive tabbed page on the Filter pane. The archive is displayed below the Archive node.
Note: To apply the archived filter criteria, double-click on the archive or right-click on the archive and select Load from the shortcut menu.
Step
Another feature that relates to filtering in OFM is Step (a global menu). You can set up OFM entity level from the Step pane. OFM will pre-process data and return information at the set Step level at retrieval time. For example, if you set Step to RESERVOIR, you are dealing with individual reservoir instead of well/completion level. From the drop-down well list, reservoir names will be displayed instead of well names. Clicking on the next or previous button will take you to the next/previous reservoir in the list.
First Takes to the very first entity in the list.
Previous Takes to the previous entity in the list (at level set in Step>Category).
Next Takes to the next entity. These two options work the same way as the above toolbar buttons.
Last Takes to the very last entity in the list.
Project Filter
In this version of OFM, there are “smart-loading” algorithms to speed up
In this version of OFM, there are “smart-loading” algorithms to speed up