Floor Analysis Post Processing

This takes you through to the Post Processing window.

10.3.1 Deflection Plots

These buttons allow the display of Displacements and the Contours.

The first option Display Displacements shows the displacement diagram of the mesh, for the selected storey.

The Displacement Contours are for the selected Loading, either G or Q unfactored, or G+Q*F which are factored results

If the contour plots for Deflection either do not make sense (i.e. maximum sagging is not where you expected etc..), or are experiencing excessive deflection, this would be an indication that the structure is not properly modelled or the slabs are not of adequate thickness.

10.3.2 Loading and Effects Toolbars

• Left Click on the Loading tab and you will be able to select the

following:-• G – This is an Unfactored Loadcase

• Q - This is an Unfactored Loadcase

• G+Q*F – This is a Factored Load Combination, therefore remember whenever looking at the Deflection Plots the results need to be de-factored

Note: are for hogging in the slab

Left Click on the Effects tab and the following options become

available:-There are various different Effects which can be viewed in the Floor Analysis Post Processor.

These display, Global and Local effects, along with the Displacements / Moments / Area of Steel Requirements for the selected floor plate.

10.3.3 Loading and Effects

Mx These contours are displayed relative to a single global coordinate system. If you imagine the X direction Bars running from left to right in the plan view, then the Mx moments are the design moments that these bars will need to be designed to resist.

My These contours are displayed relative to a single global coordinate system. If you imagine the Y direction Bars running from bottom to top in the plan view, then the My moments are the design moments that these bars will need to be designed to resist.

Mxy Average Nodal Torsional Moment (Wood & Armer Adjustments)

M1 Average nodal moment along Direction 1 (the Local coordinate system for the slab).

By Default Direction 1 will be 0 degrees.

M2 Average nodal moment along Direction 2 (the Local coordinate system for the slab).

Note Direction2 is always perpendicular to Direction 1.

M12 The average Nodal Torsional Moment relative to the Local coordinate system (Wood &

Armer Adjustments)

As1-bot Required steel area in the bottom face of the slab along Direction 1 As2-bot Required steel area in the bottom face of the slab along Direction 2 As1-top Required steel area in the top face of the slab along Direction 1 As2-top Required steel area in the top face of the slab along Direction 2

Note:

Any contour plot which displays a d within its name allows for the effects of Wood and Armer adjustments. Example Md1 or As(d)1

It is recommended unless you have a specific reason for ignoring the Wood and Armer adjustments you should ALWAYS work with the Md and As(d) results.

These adjustments take plate torsional moments into account to generate adjusted design moments. If a detailed background of these adjustments is required then reference should be made to the original papers:-

Wood, R.H. “The reinforcement of slabs in accordance with a pre-determined field of moments” as published in Concrete 2.Feb 1968, pp69-76

Armer, G.S.T. “Correspondence” as published in Concrete, 2 Aug 1968, pp319-320

Md1-bot are the sagging Moments in the bottom of the slab in Direction 1 which include for the effects of Wood and Armer adjustment

As(d)1-bot (shown below) are the area of steel requirements (based on the Effective Depth) in the bottom of the slab in Direction 1 which include for the effects of Wood and Armer adjustments.

Note:

10.3.4 Setting the Concrete Effective Depth

Orion allows the user to set the Effective Concrete Depth, these settings will determine if the

horizontal bars (in plan) are to be located on the outer or inner face of the concrete. This option also allows the user to set the concrete cover which will then automatically calculate the effective depth for the generation of the contours, and determine the area of steel requirements.

Right click anywhere in the FE Post Processor Window, and select Concrete Effective Depth

Click on the Concrete Cover (to Bar Face) and type 25mm

Ensure the Dir 1, is set to Layer 1 (Outer) – this will then place the horizontal bars (in plan) in layer 1 i.e. the bars nearest the upper and lower surface of the concrete.

Set the Bar Diameter in Dir 1 and Dir 2 to be H16

Click OK

All of the Area of Steel contour plots will now be produced based upon these settings for the effective depth. Please note adjusting these values will effect each and every As and As(d) contour plot.

10.3.5 Bottom Steel Reinforcement Provision

Although Orion has automatically calculated the Area of Steel Requirements, this information does not relate to actual bar sizes. Therefore we are going to determine the reinforcement in the slab, based on a user defined set of parameters for the bar sizes.

Click on the Effects and select As(d)1-bot

Click on the User Defined Contours

Right Click anywhere in the Post Processor Window and select Contour Settings

(This will display both the Bar Sizes and the Area of Steel) Note:

The pull down menu at the side of the User Defined Contours option allows the user to change the display settings.

Shaded / Lines / Contour Values can all be switched on or off within this screen, this has no effect on the model.

The Min and Max values cannot be altered but the Contours in-between can be used based on actual bar sizes and spacing’s.

10.3.6 Creating the User Defined Contours (bottom steel)

Left Click on the first contour value

Left Click on the Steel Bar 1 and select Diameter H10 @ 250mm spacing

Click the Update button and the left hand menu contour values will show H10-250

Left Click second contour value

This contour value is greater than the Max 1024 mm²/m reported

Click the Update button Note:

The second contour will be based upon alternate H10 and H16 diameter bars @ 125mm

10.3.7 Creating the User Defined Contours (top steel)

Select As(d)1-top plot from the Effects

Right Click to enter the Contour Settings once again

Ensure the Contours = 3 and the Legend is set to Both

Set the first contour to be H10 @ 250mm

Set the second contour to be H10 @ 250 plus H20 @ 250mm

Click the Update button after completing the settings for each contour

Click OK

Contour Settings

Your As(d)1-top plot should look as follows:-