This project is completed with the available sources, and the results are good enough but are not
590
up to the expectations. Future work will build upon the improvement of the recognition system to
591
increase accuracy and more patterns. Efficiency in pattern design grass cutting can be improved
592
by using some other mechanism such as using the compass to fix angles of patterns or with an
array of the programmed matrix. Speed of motor is decreased due to the usage of heavy materials,
594
so the more speed of motors can be achieved by using lightweight material and battery. Geo-
595
Fencing technology [92] can make grass cutter more capable of tackling complex boundary shapes
596
with higher precision, and Boundary area can be calculated more accurate by more complex
597
algorithm, so the time and energy required can be easily maintained and can mow multiple gardens
598
in the same session by traveling to the next lawn automatically using satellite tracking. GPS can
599
be added to the proposed grass cutting system to track its location. GSM module can be used to
600
make capable of sending and receiving messages from the user’s mobile phone through SMS if
601
someone does not have an android mobile. By utilizing Wi-Fi, the communication range can be
602
increased by installing routers, and a wireless camera can be used which will provide live
603
streaming and can be used for controlling the grass cutter from faraway places.
604
Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at www.mdpi.com/xxx/s1, Figure
605
S1: The circuit design of solar powered automatic pattern design grass cutting robot system using
606
Arduino.
607
Author Contributions: All of the authors contributed in literature search, figures, study design,
608
data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, and writing etc. Such as, Z.M., M.S., Z.I.,
609
Q.M., and S.U. designed the devices, android application, and carried out the experimental work.
610
Z.M. and S.U. analyzed the data and interpreted the results. S.U. and Z.M. drafted the manuscript
611
with the input from the others. S.U. supervised the project.
612
Funding: This work is supported by Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information
613
Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank the Editor and the anonymous reviewers for
615
their insightful comments and constructive suggestions that certainly improved the quality of this
616
paper. The authors thank Sami Saeed from Department of Software Engineering, Abdullah
617
Zulfiqar from Department of Software Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
618
and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan for helping in the process of
619
Android Application Development and Zaid Mumtaz from Department of Computer Science,
620
Superior University, Lahore, 55150, Pakistan for critical discussions.
621
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
622
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