IAM9

The composite analysis plot for profile IAM9 in the Iberian Abyssal Plain (Figure 2.14) is interpreted as showing three distinct crustal zones: zone A - oceanic crust; zone B - serpentinised exhumed mantle; and zone C - thinned continental crust. The location of each of these three zones is based on crustal basement thickness from gravity anomaly inversion, variations in the RDA signal from the sediment corrected RDA and RDACT, and continental lithosphere thinning factors derived from subsidence analysis and gravity anomaly inversion.

We have examined the relationship between our interpretations of the boundaries between these three crustal zones to those proposed in the literature, in particular the J anomaly. The J anomaly is a structural ridge or step in the oceanic basement that lies beneath the J magnetic anomaly (Tucholke and Ludwig, 1982). Whilst the J anomaly and the interfaces between zones A and B and zones B and C are shown as sharp lines, in reality they are likely to be transitional boundaries. The J anomaly is identified at approximately 25km distance along the IAM9 profile (Figure 2.14(a)) (Bronner et al., 2011; Dean et al., 2000; Whitmarsh et al., 2001), and corresponds to inflection points in Moho depth, RDA signal and continental lithosphere thinning factors, determined assuming magma-poor solution, and is west of our interpreted COB.

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Figure 2.14 – Composite analysis plot along IAM9, showing interpretations of crustal zones made from the integrated quantitative analysis. (a) Crustal cross section along profile IAM9 (A-A’) from gravity anomaly inversion (b) Sediment corrected RDA and the RDA component from crustal thickness variations (RDACT) along

IAM9. (c) Continental lithosphere thinning factors from subsidence analysis and gravity anomaly inversion assuming a magma-poor solution. The inner dashed line indicates the distal extent of unequivocal continental crust (possible interpretation of the COB) and its boundary with exhumed mantle, whilst the outer dashed line indicates the boundary between exhumed mantle and oceanic crust. The location of the J anomaly is indicated in red.

Chapter 2 - Determining the COB Location along the Iberian Margin and Galicia Bank from Gravity Anomaly Inversion, Residual Depth Anomaly and Subsidence Analysis.

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Zone A – oceanic crust

In zone A, the crustal basement thicknesses from gravity anomaly inversion are between 6km and 7km. The sediment corrected RDA and RDACT are both negative in this region. The negative sediment corrected RDA is indicative of crust which is thinner than 7km or anomalous subsidence, whilst the negative RDACT corresponds to the presence of thin crust derived from gravity anomaly inversion. The continental lithosphere thinning factors in zone A derived from gravity anomaly inversion and subsidence analysis using ‘normal’ magmatic solution (Va=7km) are 1.0, implying the presence of oceanic crust. If a magma-poor solution (Va=0km) is assumed, the thinning factors range between 0.85 and 1.0, which implies very thin continental crust or serpentinised exhumed mantle. However, at the western end of zone A, a ‘normal’ magmatic solution is preferred.

The interface between zones A and B corresponds to the boundary between oceanic crust and serpentinised exhumed mantle and is located by the inflection points in Moho depth, RDA signal and continental lithosphere thinning factors determined assuming magma-poor solution.

Zone B – exhumed mantle

In zone B, the crustal basement thicknesses decrease from 7km in the west to approximately 3km at the eastern end of the zone. These very low values of crustal basement thicknesses are apparent crustal thicknesses derived from the mass deficiency of serpentinised exhumed mantle with respect to unserpentinized mantle below and are interpreted as being indicative of serpentinised exhumed mantle. The very low crustal thicknesses derived from gravity anomaly inversion are not interpreted as very thin continental or oceanic crust. Sediment corrected RDA and RDACT are both negative in zone B, corresponding to the presence of crust, which is thinner than 7km or anomalous subsidence. The continental lithosphere thinning

P a g e |58 factors from gravity anomaly inversion and subsidence analysis range between 0.9 and 1.0 assuming a magma-poor solution, whereas similarly to zone A, a ‘normal’ magmatic solution predicts thinning factors of 1.0.

The interface between zones B and C corresponds to the boundary between thinned continental crust and exhumed mantle and is located by the inflection points in Moho depth, RDAs and continental lithosphere thinning factors determined assuming magma-poor solution. Gravity anomaly inversion, RDA and subsidence analysis results show that the OCT along IAM9 is relatively narrow, with the distance between the COB and the margin hinge (the point at which the continental crust starts to thin) measuring approximately 100km.

Zone C- thinned continental crust

In zone C, the crustal basement thicknesses increase gradually to approximately 35km at the eastern end of the profile, although the poor resolution of sediment thickness in this region may result in an overestimate of Moho depth. Both the sediment corrected RDA and RDACT increase eastwards. The continental lithosphere thinning factors from gravity anomaly inversion and subsidence analysis show a corresponding eastwards decrease. Continental lithosphere thinning factors predicted from gravity anomaly inversion are generally in good agreement with the continental lithosphere thinning factors predicted from subsidence analysis. At the eastern end of the profile, zone C, a magma-poor solution is preferred.