Other information

8.1.1 iRAP Road Safety Toolkit

The international Road Assessment Programme (iRAP) Road Safety Toolkit is a web-based tool that allows users to identify treatments, road users, crash types and management policies. The Road Safety Toolkit provides free information on the causes and prevention of serious road crashes. Building on decades of road safety research, the Toolkit helps engineers, planners and policy makers develop safety plans for car occupants, motorcyclists, pedestrians, cyclists, heavy vehicle occupants and public transport users.

The Road Safety Toolkit is the result of collaboration between iRAP, the Global Transport Knowledge Partnership (gTKP), the World Bank Global Road Safety Facility and ARRB Group. Further information can be found at www.toolkit.irap.org/

8.1.2 Austroads Road Safety Engineering Toolkit

The Road Safety Engineering Toolkit is a reference tool for road engineering practitioners. It outlines best-practice, low-cost, high-return road environment measures to reduce road trauma. The Toolkit seeks to reduce the severity and frequency of crashes involving road environment factors. It draws together existing road safety engineering knowledge as far as possible into one Toolkit for easy access by practitioners. The presented knowledge has been updated with recent experience from Australian local and state government agencies, and with the results of comprehensive road safety research reviews.

The Toolkit is a ‘living’ document including updates and revisions, so that more recent safety ‘wins’ are captured and disseminated.

The information included in the Toolkit is based on extensive research into the effectiveness of crash countermeasures. Nonetheless, the Toolkit does not replace sound engineering judgement or good design. In-depth investigation is required at locations that have a crash history or high crash risk to identify causes or potential causes of crashes. If necessary, seek professional advice from practitioners specialising in road safety engineering. Further information can be found at www.engtoolkit.com.au/

8.1.3 KiwiRAP Assessment Tool (KAT)

The KiwiRAP star rating process captured and evaluated a range of safety engineering features on over 10,000km of rural state highways and assigned relative levels of risk based on their presence, absence or quality. This generates an RPS which in turn produces the star rating. The KiwiRAP Assessment Tool (KAT) is an interrogatable database that stores the base rated data and allows search queries to be undertaken on regions, networks and highways, or allows road sections to be identified by a range of features or feature conditions for review or comparison. KAT also allows analyses to be undertaken on the safety risk effects of altering one or more of the features. The software tool also allows the base rated data to be updated as changes occur, allowing performance monitoring of the network over time.

8.1.4 Road Infrastructure Safety Assessment (RISA)

The NZTA developed the RISA assessment to monitor an RCA’s performance over time with respect to road safety. RISA provides the RCA with a tool to understand where the greatest road user benefits from improved road safety infrastructure can be gained. This guide is currently being finalised. A summary of the information can be found at www.nzta.govt.nz.

8.1.5 Rune Elvik – Handbook of Road Safety Measures

The Handbook of road safety measures contains summaries of the effects of 128 road safety measures. This book covers various areas of road safety including: crash reduction; the results of more than 1700 road safety evaluation studies; traffic control; vehicle inspection; driver training; publicity campaigns; police enforcement; and general policy instruments. It also covers topics such as post-crash care and speed cameras.

High-risk rural roads guide

High Risk Rural Roads Guide

Date July 2011 70

quality. This generates an RPS which in turn produces the star rating. The KiwiRAP analysis tool (KAT) is an interrogatable database that stores the base rated data and allows search queries to be undertaken on regions, networks and highways, or allows road sections to be identified by a range of features or feature conditions for review or comparison. KAT also allows analyses to be undertaken on the safety risk effects of altering one or more of the features. The software tool also allows the base rated data to be updated as changes occur, allowing performance monitoring of the network over time.

8.1.4 Road Infrastructure Safety Assessment (RISA)

The NZTA developed the RISA assessment to monitor an RCAs performance over time with respect to road safety. RISA provides the RCA with a tool to understand where the greatest road user benefits from improved road safety infrastructure can be gained. This guide is currently being finalised. A summary of the information can be found at www.nzta.govt.nz.

8.1.5 Rune Elvik – Handbook of Road Safety Measures

The handbook of road safety measures contains summaries of the effects of 128 road safety measures. This book covers various areas of road safety including: crash reduction;

the results of more than 1700 road safety evaluation studies, traffic control; vehicle

inspection; driver training; publicity campaigns; police enforcement; and, general policy instruments. It also covers topics such as post-crash care and speed cameras.

8.1.6 PIARC Countermeasures

This catalogue presents a set of common design errors and suggests a range of measures to overcome them; it also indicates the comparative countermeasure costs to help prioritise the work. The catalogue can be used both as a proactive safety tool to ensure the design faults do not arise in the first place, or as a reactive safety tool to help design cost-effective countermeasures where problems already exist on the road network.

8.1.7 USA AASHTO Highway Safety Manual (HSM)

“The HSM provides tools to conduct quantitative safety analyses, allowing for safety to be quantitatively evaluated alongside other transportation performance measures such as traffic operations, environmental impacts, and construction costs. For example, the HSM provides a method to quantify changes in crash frequency as a function of cross-sectional features. With this method, the expected change in crash frequency of different design alternatives can be compared with the

operational benefits or environmental impactof these same alternatives” www.highwaysafetymanual.org/Documents/HSMP-1.pdf

This guide provides a number of crash modification factors and crash reduction percentages which have been used for particular countermeasures within this guide.

High-risk rural roads guide

quality. This generates an RPS which in turn produces the star rating. The KiwiRAP analysis tool (KAT) is an interrogatable database that stores the base rated data and allows search queries to be undertaken on regions, networks and highways, or allows road sections to be identified by a range of features or feature conditions for review or comparison. KAT also allows analyses to be undertaken on the safety risk effects of altering one or more of the features. The software tool also allows the base rated data to be updated as changes occur, allowing performance monitoring of the network over time.

8.1.4 Road Infrastructure Safety Assessment (RISA)

The NZTA developed the RISA assessment to monitor an RCAs performance over time with respect to road safety. RISA provides the RCA with a tool to understand where the greatest road user benefits from improved road safety infrastructure can be gained. This guide is currently being finalised. A summary of the information can be found at www.nzta.govt.nz.

8.1.5 Rune Elvik – Handbook of Road Safety Measures

The handbook of road safety measures contains summaries of the effects of 128 road safety measures. This book covers various areas of road safety including: crash reduction;

the results of more than 1700 road safety evaluation studies, traffic control; vehicle

inspection; driver training; publicity campaigns; police enforcement; and, general policy instruments. It also covers topics such as post-crash care and speed cameras.

8.1.6 PIARC Countermeasures

This catalogue presents a set of common design errors and suggests a range of measures to overcome them; it also indicates the comparative countermeasure costs to help prioritise the work. The catalogue can be used both as a proactive safety tool to ensure the design faults do not arise in the first place, or as a reactive safety tool to help design cost-effective countermeasures where problems already exist on the road network.

8.1.7 USA AASHTO Highway Safety Manual (HSM)

“The HSM provides tools to conduct quantitative safety analyses, allowing for safety to be quantitatively evaluated alongside other transportation performance measures such as traffic operations, environmental impacts, and construction costs. For example, the HSM provides a method to quantify changes in crash frequency as a function of cross-sectional features. With this method, the expected change in crash frequency of different design alternatives can be compared with the

operational benefits or environmental impactof these same alternatives” www.highwaysafetymanual.org/Documents/HSMP-1.pdf

This guide provides a number of crash modification factors and crash reduction percentages which have been used for particular countermeasures within this guide.

8.1.6 PIARC Countermeasures

This catalogue presents a set of common design errors and suggests a range of measures to overcome them;

it also indicates the comparative countermeasure costs to help prioritise the work. The catalogue can be used both as a proactive safety tool to ensure the design faults do not arise in the first place, or as a reactive safety tool to help design cost-effective countermeasures where problems already exist on the road network.

8.1.7 USA AASHTO Highway Safety Manual (HSM)

‘The HSM provides tools to conduct quantitative safety analyses, allowing for safety to be quantitatively evaluated alongside other transportation performance measures such as traffic operations, environmental impacts, and construction costs.

‘For example, the HSM provides a method to quantify changes in crash frequency as a function of cross-sectional features. With this method, the expected change in crash frequency of different design alternatives can be compared with the operational benefits or environmental impact of these same alternatives.’ www.highwaysafetymanual.org/Documents/HSMP-1.pdf

This guide provides a number of crash modification factors and crash reduction percentages which have been used for particular countermeasures within this guide.