Only those treaties and other instruments which are cited frequently in the text or are of particular signifi cance are listed here. References to other treaties will be found in the footnotes. ‘Not in force’ indicates that the treaty had not come into force by 31 December 2007. Most of the major agreements can be found in Birnie and Boyle, Basic Documents on International Law and the Environment (Oxford, 1995)[hereaft er ‘B&B Docs’]. Almost all of these treaties and other instruments are readily accessible on the internet via a Google search.
1909 Treaty between the United States and Great Britain Respecting Boundary Waters Between the United States and Canada (Washington) 4AJIL (Suppl.) 239. In force 5 May 1910 . . . 265, 540, 545, 548, 553, 554, 567, 576, 577, 578
1940 Convention on Nature Protection and Wild-Life Preservation in the Western Hemisphere (Washington) 161 UNTS 193. In force 1 May 1942 . . . 599, 652, 654, 667, 696
1944 United States–Mexico Treaty Relating to the Utilization of Waters of the Colorado and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande, 3 UNTS 313. In force 8 November 1945 . . . 548, 570 1945 Charter of the United Nations (San Francisco) 1 UNTS xvi; UKTS 67 (1946) Cmd. 7015; 39
AJIL Suppl. (1945) 190. In force 24 October 1945 . . . 32, 33, 44, 59, 62, 63, 119, 205, 211, 250, 328
1946 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (Washington) 161 UNTS 72; UKTS 5 (1949) Cmd. 7604; B&B Docs, 586. In force 10 November 1948. Amended 1956, 338 UNTS 366. In force 4 May 1959 . . . 18, 85, 87, 90, 120, 243, 244, 600, 654, 657, 663,697, 724, 725 1948 Convention on the International Maritime Organization (Geneva) 289 UNTS 48; UKTS 54
(1950) Cmnd. 589; 53 AJIL (1948) 516. In force 17 March 1958 . . . 75, 76, 496, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, UNGA Res 217A (III) . . . 35, 604
1950 International Convention for the Protection of Birds (Paris) 638 UNTS 185. In force 17 January 1963 . . . 655
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Freedoms (Rome) 213 UNTS 221; UKTS 71 (1953) Cmd. 8969. In force 3 September 1953. Amended by Protocol No. 11, in force 1 November 1998 . . . 247, 282, 299, 306
1954 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil (London) 327 UNTS 3; UKTS 54 (1958) Cmnd. 595; 12 UST 2989, TIAS 4900. In force 26 July 1958.
Amended 1962 and 1969 . . . 386, 387, 403, 404
1956 Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency (New York) 276 UNTS 3; UKTS 19 (1958) Cmnd. 450; 8 UST 1043, TIAS 3873. In force 29 July 1957 . . . 77, 78, 489, 493–499, 505 1957 Interim Convention on Conservation of North Pacifi c Fur Seals (Washington) 314 UNTS 105;
8 UST 2283, TIAS 3948. In force 14 October 1957 . . . 665, 712
Treaty Establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) (Rome) 298 UNTS 167, UKTS 15 (1979) Cmnd. 7480. In force 1 January 1958 . . . 490, 505–507
1958 Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas (Geneva) 559 UNTS 285; UKTS 39 (1966) Cmnd. 3028; 17 UST 138, TIAS 5669. In force 20 March 1966 . . . 74, 195, 196, 199, 338, 386, 589, 590, 709, 718, 720, 742
Convention on the Continental Shelf (Geneva) 15 UST 471, TIAS 5578; 499 UNTS 311; UKTS 39 (1964) Cmnd. 2422. In force 10 June 1964 . . . 191, 382, 386, 776
Convention on the High Seas (Geneva) 450 UNTS 82; UKTS 5 (1963) Cmnd. 1929; 13 UST 2312, TIAS 5200. In force 30 September 1962 . . . 195, 201, 382, 386, 403, 422, 458, 656
Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone (Geneva) 516 UNTS 205; 15 UST 1606, TIAS 5639; UKTS 3 (1965) Cmnd. 2511. In force 10 September 1964 . . . 382, 386, 415, 417, 479
1959 Antarctic Treaty (Washington) 402 UNTS 71; UKTS 97 (1961) Cmnd. 1535; 12 UST 794, TIAS 4780. In force 23 June 1961. 1991 Protocol (q.v.) . . . 245, 280, 468, 509
1960 Convention on Th ird Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy (Paris) 8 EYB 203; UKTS 69 (1968) Cmnd. 3755; 55 AJIL (1961) 1082. In force 1 April 1968. Amended 1964, UKTS 69 (1968) Cmnd. 3755, in force 1 April 1968; 1982, UKTS 6 (1989) Cm. 589, in force 7 October 1988. Amended by 2004 Protocol, not in force . . . 324, 325, 520, 521, 522, 523, 525, 526, 527, 528, 530, 531, 532
1962 Convention on the Liability of Operators of Nuclear Ships (Brussels) 57 AJIL (1963) 268. Not in force . . . 314, 512, 521, 522, 523, 525, 526, 527, 531, 532
1963 Agreement Supplementary to the Paris Convention of 1960 on Th ird Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear (Brussels) UKTS 44 (1975) Cmnd. 5948; 2 ILM (1963) 685. In force 4 December 1974. Amended 1964 UKTS 44 (1975) Cmnd. 5948, in force 4 December 1974;
1982, UKTS 23 (1983) Cmnd. 9052, in force 1 August 1991. Amended by 2004 Protocol, not in force . . . 522, 527, 528
Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage (Vienna) Misc. 9 (1964) Cmnd. 2333; 2 ILM (1963) 727. In force 12 November 1977. Amended by 1997 Protocol (q.v.) . . . 521, 522, 523, 525, 531, 533
Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water (Moscow) 480 UNTS 3 (1964) Cmnd. 2245; 14 UST 1313, TIAS 5433. In force 10 October 1963 . . . 490, 510
1964 Convention for the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (Copenhagen). UKTS 67 (1968) Cmnd. 3722. In force 22 July 1968 . . . 99
1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 6 ILM (1967) 368. In force 23 March 1976 . . . 115, 272, 281, 282, 285, 288, 290, 299, 306, 309
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 6 ILM (1967) 360. In force 3 January 1976 . . . 118, 272, 276, 278
1967 Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies, 610 UNTS 205; UKTS 10 (19680, Cmnd 18 UST 2410, TIAS 6347; 6 ILM (1967) 386. In force 10 October 1967 . . . 136, 145 Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America (Tlatelolco) 22 UST 762, TIAS 7137; 6 ILM (1967) 521. In force 22 April 1968 . . . 491, 510
1968 African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (Algiers) 1001 UNTS 4. In force 16 June 1969. Revised Convention of 2003 (q.v.) . . . 120, 192, 273, 274, 277, 286, 567, 652, 654, 656, 657, 661, 663, 666, 667, 696
1969 Convention on the Law of Treaties (Vienna) 8 ILM (1969) 689. In force 27 January 1980 . . . 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 28, 30, 36, 207, 235, 238, 257, 327, 359, 764, 765
International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (Brussels) 973 UNTS 3; UKTS 106 (1975) Cmnd. 6183; 9 ILM (1970) 45. In force 19 June 1975. 1976 Protocol, UKTS 26 (1981) Cmnd. 8238; 16 ILM (1977) 617. In force 8 April 1981. Replaced by 1992 Convention (q.v.) . . . 315, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 522, 526
International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Damage (Brussels) UKTS 77 (1971) Cmnd. 6056; 9 ILM (1970) 25. In force 6 May 1975.
1973 Protocol UKTS 27 (1983) Cmnd. 8924; 68 AJIL (1974) 577. In force 30 March 1983 . . . 426–429
1971 Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar) 996 UNTS 245 UKTS 34 (1976) Cmnd. 6465; 11 ILM (1972) 963. In force 21 December 1975. Amended 1982 and 1987, repr. in B&B Docs, 447, in force 1 May 1994 . . . 81, 561, 637, 652, 656, 657, 659, 664, 666, 669, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675, 677, 678, 679, 680, 683, 697
Convention Relating to Civil Liability in the Field of Maritime Carriage of Nuclear Material (Brussels) Misc. 39 (1972) Cmnd. 5094. In force 15 July 1975 . . . 317, 521
Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage (Brussels) UKTS 95 (1978) Cmnd. 7383; 11 ILM (1972) 284. In force 16 October 1978. Replaced by 1992 Convention (q.v.) . . . 434, 435, 436, 438, 440
1972 Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm) UN Doc.A/CONF/48/14/REV.l; B&Bdocs, 1 . . . 5, 7, 14, 26, 33, 37, 45, 48, 49, 60, 65, 75, 110, 117, 120, 128, 144, 145, 176, 188, 189, 221, 271, 274, 277, 305, 329, 339, 341, 382, 403, 466, 491 UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, UKTS 2 (1985) CMND. 9424; 27 UST 37, TIAS 8225; 11 ILM (1972) 1358; B&B Docs, 375. In force 17 December 1975 . . . 56, 60, 81, 90, 91, 192, 200, 234, 280, 612, 614, 652, 657, 658, 664, 666,669, 670, 671,672, 675, 676, 677, 679, 680, 694, 697, 698
Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and other Matter (London) 26 UST 2403, TIAS 8165; UKTS 43 (1976) Cmnd. 6486; 11 ILM (1972) 1294; B&B Docs, 174. In force 30 August 1975. Replaced by 1996 Protocol (q.v.) . . . 15, 145, 240, 258, 259, 330, 387, 389, 392, 394, 414, 415, 416, 417, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471 ,472
Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects, 961 UNTS 187;
UKTS 16 (1974) Cmnd. 5551; 24 UST 2389, TIAS 7762. In force 1 September 1972 . . . 218, 229, 517, 518, 522, 524
Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (London) 29 UST 441, TIAS 8826; 11 ILM 251. In force 11 March 1978 . . . 727
Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, UKTS 68 (1984) Cmnd. 9340, in force 1 June 1983 . . . 401
1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (Washington) 993 UNTS 243; UKTS 101 (1976) Cmnd. 6647; 12 ILM 1085 (1973); B&B Docs, 415. In force 1 July 1975 . . . 18, 20, 70, 81, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 192, 200, 234, 240, 243, 246, 258, 280, 330, 482, 484, 599, 614, 649, 652, 657, 658, 661, 664, 665, 670, 671, 672, 678, 679, 684, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 691, 697, 698, 699, 700, 734, 754, 764, 766, 767
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution by Ships (MARPOL) (London) UKTS 27 (1983) Cmnd. 8924; 12 ILM (1973) 1319. Amended by Protocol of 1978 (q.v.) before entry into force . . . 76, 85, 146, 150, 207, 240, 243, 258, 259, 330, 381, 382, 387, 389, 400, 401–413, 414, 417, 418, 419, 420, 422, 428, 434, 440, 441, 446, 477, 479, 480, 481, 502
Agreement on the Conservation of Polar Bears (Oslo) 27 UST 3918, TIAS 8409; ILM 13 (1974) 13. in force 26 May 1976 . . . 652, 655
1974 Nordic Convention on the Protection of the Environment (Stockholm) 13 ILM (1974) 511. In force 5 October 1976 . . . 152, 263, 305, 307, 566
Convention on the Protection of Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (Helsinki) 13 ILM (1974) 546. In force 3 May 1980. Replaced by 1992 Helsinki Conventior (q.v.) . . . 87, 395, 423, 452
Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-Based Sources (Paris) UKTS 64 (1978) Cmnd. 7251; 13 ILM (1974) 352. In force 6 May 1978. Amended by Protocol of 1986,27 ILM (1988) 625, in force 1 February 1990. Replaced by 1992 Paris Convention (q.v.) . . . 87, 188, 344, 394, 572
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1184 UNTS 2; UKTS 46 (1980) . . . 76, 401, 405, 406, 411, 414, 415, 416, 419, 429, 441, 508, 512, 5l5 Cmnd. 7874 TIAS 9700. In force 25 May 1980, as subsequently amended
1976 Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution (Barcelona);
Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Combating Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Oil and Other Harmful Substances in Cases of Emergency; Protocol for the Prevention of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft , 15 ILM (1976) 290.
All in force
12 February 1978. 1980 and 1982 Protocols (q.v.). Revised convention and protocols 1995/6 (q.v.) . . . 395, 396, 424, 425
Convention on Conservation of Nature in the South Pacifi c (Apia) Burhenne, 976: 45. In force 28 June 1980 . . . 652
Convention on the Protection of the Rhine Against Chemical Pollution (Bonn) 1124 UNTS 375; 16 ILM (1977) 242. In force 1 February 1979. Replaced by 1999 Convention (q.v.) . . . 87, 181, 183, 187, 325, 537, 553, 571, 573, 574
Convention for the Protection of the Rhine from Pollution by Chlorides (Bonn) 16 ILM (1977) 265. In force 5 July 1985. Amended by 1991 Protocol . . . 87, 325, 571, 575
Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modifi cation Techniques (Geneva) 31 UST 333, TIAS 9614; 16 ILM (1977) 88. In force 5 October 1978 . . . 205
1977 Protocols I and II Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Confl icts, 1125 UNTS 3; 1125 UNTS 609; 16 ILM (1977) 1391. In force 7 December 1978 . . . 510–511
1978 Protocol Relating to the Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) 17 ILM (1978) 546; B&B Docs, 189. In force 2 October 1983. Annexes I-VI in force. Current texts in IMO, MARPOL Consolidated Edition . . . 92, 136, 150, 258, 259, 381, 387, 389, 401–413, 418, 419, 420, 422, 428, 434, 440, 441, 446, 477, 479, 480, 481, 484, 502
Convention on Future Multilateral Co-operation in the North-West Atlantic Fisheries. Misc.
9 (1979) CMND. 7569. In force 1 January 1979. Amended 1979, Misc. 9 (1980) Cmnd. 7865 . . . 92, 94, 244
Regional Convention for Cooperation on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Pollution (Kuwait) 1140 UNTS 133; 17 ILM (1978) 511. In force 1 July 1979. Protocols 1978, 1989, 1990 (q.v.) . . . 423, 451, 461
Protocol Concerning Regional Cooperation in Combating Pollution by Oil and Other Harmful Substances in Cases of Emergency (Kuwait) 17 ILM (19780, 526. In force 1 July 1979 . . . 424, 425, 432
Treaty for Amazonian Cooperation (Brasilia) 17 ILM (1978) 1045. In force 2 February 1980 . . . 537, 544
United States-Canada Agreement on Great Lakes Water Quality with Annexes, 30 UST 1383, TIAS 9257. In force 27 November 1978. Amended 1983; TIAS 10798 . . . 537, 572, 577, 578
UNEP Principles on Conservation and Harmonious Utilization of Natural Resources Shared by Two or More States, 17 ILM (1978) 1094; B&B Docs, 21 . . . 26, 68, 176, 193
1979 Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn) 19 ILM (1980) 15; B&B Docs, 433. In force 1 November 1983 . . . 17, 20, 68, 90, 588, 614, 652, 654, 656, 659, 663, 666, 670, 672, 676, 678, 681, 682, 683, 684, 685, 697, 698, 764
Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Berne) UKTS 56 (1982) Cmnd. 8738; ETS 104; B&B Docs, 455. In force 1 June 1982 . . . 90, 280, 599, 614, 655, 659, 663, 667, 683, 696, 697
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (Geneva) UKTS 57 (1983) Cmd, 9034; TIAS 10541; 18 IILM (1979) 1442; B&B Docs, 277. In force 16 Marci 1983. Protocols of 1984, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994 and 1998 (q.v.) . . . 17, 72, 73, 81, 91, 144, 181, 187, 247, 335, 339, 343–345, 348, 350, 351, 791
Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, 18 ILM (1979) 1434. In force 11 July 1984 . . . 96, 145
Convention for the Conservation and Management of the Vicuna (Lima) Burhenne 979: 94.
In force 19 March 1982 . . . 652, 655
1980 Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution from Land-Based Sources (Athens) 19 ILM (1980) 869. In force 17 June 1983. Replaced by 1996 Protocol (q.v.) . . . 170, 459, 460, 464
Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (Canberra) UKTS 48 (1982) CMND. 8714; TIAS 10240; 19 ILM (1980) 837; BÁB Docs, 628. In force 7 April 1982 . . . 6, 87, 94, 280, 589, 592, 652, 653, 655, 660
Convention on Future Multilateral Co-operation in North-East Atlantic Fisheries, Misc. 2 (1980) Cmnd. 8474. In force 17 March 1982 . . . 244
1981 African Charter on Human Rights and Peoples’ Rights (Banjul) 21 ILM (1982) 52 In force 21 October 1986 . . . 273, 278, 279
Convention and Protocol for Cooperation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the West and Central African (Abidjan) and Protocol concerning Co-operation in Combating Pollution in Cases of Emergency, 20 ILM (1981) 746.
In force 5 August 1984 . . . 392, 424, 425, 432, 451–452, 461, 462
Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Area of the South-East Pacifi c (Lima) ND (Looseleaf) Doc. J. 18. In force 19 May 1986 . . . 392
Agreement on Regional Cooperation in Combating Pollution of the South-East Pacifi c by Hydrocarbons on Other Harmful Substances in Cases of Emergency (Lima) ND (Looseleaf) Doc. J. 18. In force 14 July 1986 . . . 392, 424, 425, 432, 461, 462
1982 Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Environment (Jeddah) and Protocol Concerning Regional Co-operation in Combating Pollution by Oil and Other Harmful Substances in Cases of Emergency, 9 EPL 56 (1982) All in force 20 August 1985 . . . 424, 432, 452, 461
Protocol Concerning Mediterranean Specially Protected Areas (Geneva) ND (Looseleaf) Doc. J. 20. In force 23 March 1986. Replaced by 1996 Protocol (q.v.) . . . 416
World Charter for Nature, UNGA Res. 37/7, 37 UNGAOR Suppl. (No. 51) at 17, UN Doc.
A/37/51 (1982) . . . 69, 329
Convention for the Conservation of Salmon in the North Atlantic Ocean (Reykjavik) EEC OJ (1982) No. L378, 25; Misc. 7 (1983) Cmnd. 8830. In force 10 October 1983 . . . 94, 728 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (Montego Bay) Misc. 11 (1983) Cmnd. 8941; 21 ILM (1982) 1261. In force 16 November 1994 . . . 3, 6, 13, 15, 17, 18, 20, 23, 39, 46, 74, 76, 83, 89, 94, 95, 97, 107, 111, 128, 133, 136, 141, 144. 145, 149, 152, 160, 165 167–168, 170, 173, 176, 182, 183, 185, 195, 197–198, 201, 207, 218, 241, 251, 252–256, 258, 259, 265, 319, 330, 332, 333, 338, 350, 382–442, 451, 453, 454, 455, 461, 462, 463, 466, 468, 469, 470, 471, 479, 480, 481, 486, 487, 493, 501, 502, 512, 516, 543, 551, 554, 557, 589, 591, 593, 634, 637, 658, 661, 662, 668, 696, 704, 705, 709, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 727, 729, 730, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737, 739, 741, 742, 743, 745, 746, 748, 750, 751, 764, 777
1983 Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region (Cartegena de Indias) and Protocol Concerning Co-operation in
Combating Oil Spills in the Wider Caribbean Region, 22 ILM (1983) 221: UKTS 38 (1988) Cm 399. In force 11 October 1986. (1990 Protocol q.v.) . . . 170, 392, 423, 425, 432, 452, 461, 462 Protocol for the Protection of the South-East Pacifi c Against Pollution from Land-Based Sources (Quito): Burhenne, 983: 53. In force 23 September 1986 . . . 183, 397, 452, 453, 456, 461, 462
1985 Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, (Vienna) UKTS 1 (1990) Cm. 910; 26 ILM (1987) 1529; B&B Docs 211. In force 22 September 1988 (1988 Protocol q.v.) . . . 6, 8, 13, 16, 17, 18, 39, 68, 85, 88, 90, 91, 107, 111, 136, 144, 146, 157, 185, 186, 188, 234, 335, 341, 349, 350, 669 South Pacifi c Nuclear Free Zone Treaty (Raratonga) 24 ILM (1985) 1442. In force 11
December 1986 . . . 491, 510
Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region (Nairobi); Protocol Concerning Protected Areas and Wild Flora and Fauna in the Eastern African Region; Protocol Concerning Co-operation in Combating Marine Pollution in Cases of Emergency in the Eastern African Region, Burhenne, 385: 46; ND (Looseleaf) Doc. J. 26 In force 30 May 1996 . . . 388, 392, 397, 424, 452, 453, 461, 462
Protocol on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions, (Helsinki) 27 ILM (1988) 707. In force 2 September 1987 . . . 346
ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (Kuala Lumpur, 15 EPL (1985) 64. Not in force . . . 599, 652, 661, 668, 695, 696
1986 Convention on Early Notifi cation of a Nuclear Accident, (Vienna) Misc. 2 (1989) Cm. 565; 25 ILM (1986) 1370; B&B Docs, 300. In force 27 October 1986 . . . 36,514–515
Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency,.
((Vienna) Misc. 3 (1989) Cm.566; 25 ILM (1986) 1377. In force 26 February 1987 . . . 515 Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacifi c Region by Dumping; and Protocol Concerning Co-operation in Combating Pollution Emergencies in the South Pacifi c Region, 26 ILM (1987) 38. In force 18 August 1990 . . . 392, 397, 432, 452, 453, 461, 462, 469, 470, 471, 474–479, 509
1987 Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal) UKTS 19 (1990) Cm. 977; 26 ILM (1987) 1550; B&B Docs, 224. Current amended text in UNEP, Handbook of the Montreal
Protocol. In force 1 January 1989 . . . 107, 132, 134, 149, 157, 246, 340, 351–355, 450, 451, 637, 754, 766, 767, 768
1988 Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities (Wellington) Misc. 6 (1989) Cm. 634; 27 ILM (1988) 868. Not in force.
Protocol (to the 1979 Geneva Convention) Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Th eir Transboundary Fluxes (Sofi a) Misc. 16 (1989) Cm. 885; 27 ILM (1988) 698. In force 14 February 1991 . . . 347
Protocol to the 1969 American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (San Salvador) 28 ILM (1989) 156. In force 16 November 1999 . . . 278
1989 Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Th eir Disposal (Basel), 28 ILM (1989) 657; B&B Docs, 322. In force 24 May 1992 . . . 18, 19, 47, 68, 81, 144, 157, 182, 242, 243, 245, 330, 405,415, 440, 470, 473–486, 494, 505, 509, 754, 766 International Convention on Salvage (London) IMO/LEG/CONF.7/27 (1989). In force 14 July 1996 . . . 229, 388, 429, 433
ILO Convention No. 169 Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, 72 ILO Off . Bull. 59 (1989); 28 ILM (1989) 1382. In force 5 September 1991 . . . 272 Protocol for the Conservation and Management of Protected Marine and Coastal Areas of the South-East Pacifi c (Paipa) ND (Looseleaf) Doc. J. 35. In force 17 October 1994 . . . 397 Protocol for the Protection of the South-East Pacifi c Against Radioactive Pollution (Paipa) ND (Looseleaf) Doc. J. 34. In force 25 January 1995 . . . 171, 469, 509
Protocol Concerning Marine Pollution Resulting from Exploration and Exploitation of the Continental Shelf (Kuwait). In force 17 February 1990 . . . 36
Convention for the Prohibition of Fishing with Long Drift nets in the South Pacifi c (Wellington) 29 ILM (1990) 1449. In force 17 May 1991 . . . 723
1990 International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation, (London). 30 ILM (1991) 735. In force 13 May 1995. Amended 2000 . . . 323, 432 Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife in the Wider Caiibbean (Kingston). 19 EPL (1989) 224; Burhenne 990: 85. In force 18 June 2000 . . . 388, 397, 416, 667 Protocol for the Protection of the Marine Environment Against Pollution from Land-based Sources (Kuwait). In force 2 January 1993 . . . 170–171, 397, 461, 462
1991 Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Espoo) 30 ILM (1971) 802; B&B Does, 31. In force 27 June 1997. 2003 Protocol (q.v.) . . . 36, 68, 81, 141, 144, 146, 164–165, 168–175, 178, 180, 291,307,345, 621
Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty on Environmental Protection, 30 ILM (1991) 1461; B&B Docs, 468. In force 14 January 1998 . . . 6, 56, 90, 91, 96, 97, 136, 145, 167, 170–171, 174, 185, 200, 243, 245, 260, 280, 317, 324, 393, 468, 638, 653, 667
Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes Within Africa (Bamako). 30 ILM (1991) 775. Not in force . . . 330, 474–481, 483, 484, 509
European Energy Charter and Protocol on Energy Effi ciency, 34 ILM (1995) 373. In force 16 April 1998 . . . 61, 124, 157
1992 Declaration of the UN Conference on Environment and Development, UN Doc.A/
CONF.151/26/Rev.l, Report of the UNCED, vol. 1 (New York); B&B Docs, 9 . . . 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 13, 23, 25, 33, 35, 37, 38, 45, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55, 56, 60, 61, 65, 67, 72, 79, 80, 90, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 120, 128, 135, 137, 142, 145, 149–157, 159–162, 166, 170, 171, 176, 187, 192, 221, 222, 235, 270, 274, 289, 302, 303, 305, 316, 317, 319, 321, 322, 323, 326, 328, 339, 341, 342, 343, 357, 381–384, 389, 391, 393, 395, 396, 397, 398, 442, 444, 445, 454, 464, 473, 487, 511, 584, 586, 590, 592, 593, 605, 607, 608, 609, 619, 620, 626, 632, 640, 649, 653, 659, 692, 693, 714, 730, 745, 755, 764, 771, 795
Framework Convention on Climate Change, 31ILM (1992) 851; B&B Does, 252. In force 21 March 1994 . . . 6, 8, 13, 15, 17, 18, 39, 46, 52, 55, 56, 82, 88, 90, 91, 94, 107, 123, 128, 132, 134, 136, 144, 155, 157, 160, 166, 167, 185, 186, 188, 234, 247, 334–378, 800
Convention on Biological Diversity, 31 ILM (1992) 818; B&B Docs, 390. In force 29 December 700, 706, 721, 731, 744, 746, 747, 749, 750, 751, 752, 764, 802, 803, 804, 807, 808, 809
Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of all Types of Forests, 31 ILM (1992) 881; 3 YblEL (1992) 830. Replaced by 2008 Instrument (q.v.)
Convention on the Transboundary Eff ects of Industrial Accidents (Espoo) 31 LLM (1992) 1333; B&B Docs, 50. In force 19 April 2000. 2004 Protocol (q.v.) . . . 5, 152, 183, 307, 322 Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and Lakes (Helsinki) B&B Docs, 345. In force 6 October 1996. 1999, 2004 Protocols (q.v.) . . . 5, 73, 155, 157, 170, 291, 538, 543, 545, 546, 551, 554, 556, 557, 559, 562, 563, 564, 566, 568, 574, 579
Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the N.E. Atlantic (Paris) 3 YblEL (1992) 759; 32 ILM (1993) 1072. In force 25 March 1998 . . . 87, 89, 90, 148, 155, 156, 161, 188, 243, 245, 291, 323, 381, 393, 394, 452, 453, 456, 457, 459, 461, 462, 464, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471
Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (Helsinki).
In force 17 January 2000 . . . 73, 156, 161, 323, 395, 452, 453, 456, 457, 461, 464, 467, 468, 469, 470
Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, B&B Docs, 91. In force 3 May 1996.
Amended by Protocol 2000, in force 1 November 2003 . . . 184, 229, 315, 324, 388, 435, 437, 440, 441, 530, 532
Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage, B&B Docs, 107. In force 30 May 1996. Amended by Protocol 2000, in 1 November 2003 . . . 433, 439, 440
Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (Bucharest) with protocols on Pollution from Land-based Sources, Combating Pollution in Emergency Situations, and Pollution by Dumping, 32 ILM (1993) 1110. All in force 15 January 1994 . . . 396, 397, 432, 452, 453, 456, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471
UNGA Resolution 47/191 establishing the Commission on Sustainable Developmen Docs, 658 . . . 53, 58, 61, 63, 66, 67, 76, 97, 104, 105
1993 Convention on Civil Liability for Damage Resulting from Activities Dangerous to the Environment, 32 ILM (1993) 1228; 4 YblEL (1993) 691; ETS 150; B&B Docs, 132 force . . . 5, 184, 291, 312, 315, 317, 318, 320
FAO Agreement to Promote Compliance with Conservation Measures on the High Seas, 33 ILM (1994) 969; B&B Docs, 645. In force 24 April 2003 . . . 74, 743
North American Agreement on Environmental Co-operation, 4 YbIEL (1993) 831. In force 1 January 1994 . . . 169, 263, 307, 655
1994 Convention on Nuclear Safety, 33 ILM (1994) 1518; B&B Docs, 307. In force 24 October 1996 . . . 90, 136, 149, 150, 187, 222, 498, 499, 500–505, 508, 509, 511
Convention to Combat Desertifi cation, 33 LLM (1994) 1016; B&B Docs, 513. In force26 December 1996 . . . 18, 90, 117, 123, 145, 199, 607, 609, 611, 692, 693, 694
International Tropical Timber Agreement, 33 ILM (1994) 1014; B&B Docs, 556. In force 1 January 1997. Replaced by 2006 Agreement (q.v.) . . . 52, 90
Agreement on Cooperative Enforcement Operations Directed at Illegal Trade in Wild Fauna and Flora (Lusaka), 1 JIWLP (1998) 155. In force 10 December 1996 . . . 691
Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organisation (Marrakesh), WTO Legal Texts, 3. In force 1 January 1995 . . . 3, 78, 357, 753, 755, 756, 761, 765
Instrument Establishing the Global Environmental Facility, 33 ILM (1994) 1273; B&B Docs, 666. Amended 2002, in force 19 June 2003 . . . 80, 82
Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution Resulting from the Exploration and Exploitation of the Continental Shelf and Sea-bed. Not in force . . . 431 Convention on Co-operation for the Protection and Sustainable Use of the Danube River. In force 22 October 1998 . . . 155, 323, 537, 538, 545, 554, 557, 560, 562, 563, 566
Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions (Oslo) 33 ILM (1994) 1542: B&B Docs, 285. In force 5 August 1998 . . . 155, 346
1995 UN Agreement Relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Migratory Fish Stocks, 34 ILM 1542; (1995) 6 YbIEL 841. In force 11 November 2001 . . . 17, 74, 88, 89, 90, 95, 120, 124, 128, 155, 157, 159, 196, 199, 203, 226, 259, 382, 383, 390, 442, 546, 609, 713, 714, 721, 723, 730, 731, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 751, 752
Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean (Barcelona). In force 9 July 2004. Protocols of 1994, 1995, 1996, 2008 (q.v.) . . . 188, 323, 396
Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the
Mediterranean (Barcelona); 6 YbIEL 887 (1995). In force 12 December 1999 . . . 388, 396, 667,668
Protocol for the Prevention and Elimination of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Dumping. Not in force . . . 161, 452, 453, 460, 461, 462, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 478 FAO International Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries . . . 74, 156, 730–731, 736 Declaration on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities (Washington) 6 YbIEL (1995) 883 . . . 384, 460, 465
Agreement on Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Water Birds, 6 YbIEL (1995) 907.
In force 1 November 1999 . . . 90, 91, 655
Agreement on Co-operation for Sustainable Development of the Mekong River Bajsin, 34 ILM (1995) 865. In force 5 April 1995 . . . 263, 537, 555, 560, 562, 567, 568
1996 Protocol to the London Dumping Convention, 36 ILM (1997) 7. In force 24 March 2006.
Amended 2006 . . . 90, 136, 155, 156, 240, 243, 258, 323, 387, 396, 442, 459, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 479, 491
Convention on Liability and Compensation for the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea, 35 ILM (1996) 1415. Not in force . . . 432, 440
Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Against Pollution form Land-based Activities
(Syracuse) 7 YbIEL (1996) 678. In force 11 May 2008 . . . 161, 396, 397, 452, 453, 456, 461, 474–477, 481, 483
Protocol on the Prevention of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes. In force 19 January 2008 . . . 396, 432
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, 35 ILM (1996) 1443. Not in force . . . 491, 509 MOU on Port State Control in the Caribbean, 36 ILM (1997) 237 . . . 407
1997 Convention on the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, 36 ILM (1997) 719;
27 EPL (1997) 233. Not in force . . . 30, 89, 90, 124, 146, 177, 181, 183, 186, 187, 199, 200, 202, 227, 306, 463, 464, 539, 542, 543, 545, 546, 551–560, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 578, 579, 580, 581
Protocol on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage (Vienna) 36 ILM (1997) 1462. In force 4 October 2003 . . . 184, 229, 315, 521, 522, 523, 525, 526, 527, 529, 530, 531
Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage (Vienna) 36 ILM (1997) 1473. Not in force . . . 184, 519, 521, 522, 529, 530, 532, 533
Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste Management, 36 ILM (1997) 1436. In force 18 June 2001 . . . 493, 494, 499, 500, 503–505, 508, 509, 511, 512 Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto), 37 ILM (1998J) 22. In force 16 February 2005 . . . 11, 18, 60, 85, 107, 111, 132, 133, 245, 248, 249–250, 335, 340, 341, 355, 358, 359, 360–374, 607, 619, 756, 767, 800
1998 UNECE Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants, 37 ILM (1998) 505. In forece, unknown . . . 155, 157, 449
UNECE Protocol on Heavy Metals. In force, date unknown . . . 155, 157, 247
Convention on Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (Rotterdam), 38 ILM (1999) 1. In force 24 Febuary 2004 . . . 18, 68, 74, 81, 160, 445, 446, 450, 486, 640, 647, 754, 756, 794
Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus), 38 ILM (1999) 517. In force 29 October 2001.
Protocol of 2003 (q.v.) . . . 73, 84, 90, 91, 92, 242, 248–249, 274, 290–296, 300, 302, 307, 309, 459
Statute of the International Criminal Court (Rome), 37 ILM (1998) 999. In force 1 July 2002 . . . 332, 333
Convention on the Protection of the Environment through Criminal Law, ETS No. 172; 38 ILM (1999) 259. Not in force . . . 330
Protocol (to the 1978 Kuwait Convention) on the Control of Marine Transboundary Movement and Disposal of Hazardous Waste. Not in force . . . 397, 795
1999 Convention on the Protection of the Rhine. In force 1 January 2003 . . . 87, 1:55, 323, 537, 538, 557, 558, 560, 561, 562, 563, 574, 575, 576
UNECE Protocol on Water and Health, 29 EPL (1999) 200. In force 4 August 2005 . . . 562, 565
UNECE Protocol on Liability and Compensation for Damage Resulting from the Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes. Not in force.
Protocol on Marine Pollution from Land-based Sources and Activities in the Caribbean Region. Not in force . . . 397, 452, 453, 456, 459, 461, 462
2000 Protocol on Biosafety (Cartagena) 39 ILM (2000) 1027. In force 11 September 2003 . . . 79, 155, 161, 242, 245, 248, 612, 616, 630, 637, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 755, 756, 765, 780, 794, 802, 803
Revised Protocol on Shared Watercourses in the SADC, 40 ILM (2001) 321. Not in force . . . 562, 579, 580
2001 Reykjavik Declaration on Responsible Fisheries, www.fao.org . . . 740, 749
Articles on the Prevention of Signifi cant Transboundary Harm, ILC Report (2001) GAOR A/56/10, 366–436 . . . 306, 513, 552, 554–557, 568, 571
Articles on State Responsibility, ILC Report (2001) GAOR A/56/l0, 43–365 . . . 30, 214, 225, 226, 232, 233, 235, 238, 262, 516, 777
Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Stockholm), 40 ILM (2001) 532. In force 17 May 2004 . . . 68, 81, 82, 92, 144, 145, 148, 155, 159, 161, 242, 245, 445, 447, 448–451, 486, 794 International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, www.planttrreatv.
org. In force 29 June 2004 . . . 74
IMO Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on Ships. In force 17 September 2008 . . . 749
2003 UNECE Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment, www.unece.org Not in force . . . 245
UNECE Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers, www.unece.org force . . . 292 Revised African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. www.
africa-union.org Not in force . . . 654, 657, 661, 666, 667
2004 UNECE Protocol on Civil Liability and Compensation for Damage Caused by the
Transboundary Eff ects of Industrial Accidents on Transboundary Waters (Kiev). www.unece.
org Not in force . . . 312, 320, 323, 521
IMO Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water. Not in force . . . 76, 385, 626, 749
2006 Principles on the Allocation of Loss in the Case of Transboundary Harm Arisin out of Hazardous Activities, ILC Report (2006) GAOR A/61/10, paras 51–67 . . . 306, 317, 319–321, 324, 325
International Tropical Timber Agreement, www.itto.or.jp Not in force . . . 145
2008 Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Mediterranean. www.unepmap.org
2008 Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Mediterranean. www.unepmap.org