contents Introduction 25
I. Collections of Primary Texts, New Editions and Translations 27 II. Instrumenta Studiorum: Dictionaries, Encyclopedias,
Patrologies, Bibliographies 45
III. Studies on Patristic Exegesis in Collections of Essays 61 IV. Journals 67
i Some fi ft y sources of information 67 ii Comments on selected journals 68
V. Bibliographic Tools 74
VI. Conclusion: Th e Research on Patristic Exegesis since 1945 84 i Th e post-war renewal of biblical studies 86
ii Th e inner structuring of the discipline of patristic exegesis 87
For the Hebrew Bible to the Septuagint
I N T RODU C T ION
Among the many cultural and intellectual surges of the period following the end of World War II was a spectacular development in the study of patristic exegesis. As part of a more general and internationally based revival of patris-tic scholarship, it caught the wave of new interests and methods of research in biblical exegesis. Benefi ting from a shift of attention from the classical to the post-classical heritage of Antiquity in the secular academia, the exploration of patristic interpretations of the Bible became the privileged endeavor of a whole new generation of scholars. Th e purpose of this chapter is to retrace the history of the relevant scholarship since , on the one hand tracing the prodigious number of publications on which this Handbook rests, and on the other hand, noting the inevitable limitations of the research in these same publications throughout the decades under scrutiny.
Th e half century that followed World War II was fi lled with a wealth of publications on patristic exegesis illustrated by a set of collections of primary texts and critical studies launched near the end of the war. More than any individual publication of the following decades the enduring success of these editorial initiatives, together with collections of patristic sources which were reactivated aft er , testifi es to the scale and the intensity of patristic stud-ies in the second half of the twentieth century. Th ough necessarily sketchy and limited, the following survey of those invaluable editions of sources in their original texts or in translation as basic tools for specialized research is an indication of the extent of the patristic scholarship of the period.
Th is documentary chapter pays tribute to the generations of scholars whose commitment in Europe, in the Americas, and in Japan resulted in a prodigious explosion of patristic studies during the second half of the twentieth century. It presents a summary of some of the most spectacu-lar achievements in the fi eld without claiming to give a full picture of any of them.
First, the attention focuses on the publication of (I) primary sources.
Individual editions and translations shall be mentioned for each patristic author in the historical survey of Part Two, again not all editions and transla-tions, but only the best known or those actually in use. In Part Two chapter
, a complementary list of such publications in the CSCO notes non-Greek and non-Latin sources.
Secondly, (II) tools for research, elaborated during the second half of the twentieth century, are reviewed: encyclopedias, dictionaries, lexica, patrolo-gies. Th ough not ignored in the survey, electronic forms of publications
One Patristic Exegesis
would quickly need an updating. Characteristically, the history of patristic research in the twentieth century is marked by a fi nal dramatic change, this time in the fi eld of technology.
Th irdly, one embarks on a navigation of the mare magnum of (III) stud-ies on patristic sources. Brief descriptions of major serstud-ies of such studstud-ies will provide some poles for orientation across the currents of a veritable ocean of specialized literature. Here even more than in the former sections of the chapter, though the erudite sight-seeing is very restricted, the resulting overview of the results of collective undertakings has never been before attempted on such an international scale.
Fourthly, a list of (IV) learned journals completes the introductory survey of the specialized documentation presupposed by the Handbook or included in it. Th e list is strictly limited to periodicals referred to elsewhere in the present work. Other journals may fi gure in subsequent bibliographies but those listed here were used in the elaboration of the Handbook. Some are subjected to closer analysis because their practical help was outstanding.
Such a survey of publications as the one investigated in this chapter is inevitably marked by personal factors. Doubtlessly, if compiled by a British or a German, an Italian or American author, the present chapter would shift its orientation. In spite of obvious limitations, one hopes that the presenta-tion that follows opens a needed access to informapresenta-tion in many of the main Western languages.
For the Hebrew Bible to the Septuagint
I
C OL L E C T ION S OF P R I M A RY T E X T S , N EW E DI T ION S , A N D T R A N SL AT ION S
In A. Keller began the publication of a major source of information:
Translationes Patristicae Graecae et Latinae. Bibliographie der Übersetzungen altchristlicher Quellen. Erster Teil: A.-H. Stuttgart. Vernacular editions are listed in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish.
i. Bibliothèque Augustinienne (BA)
Among the eighty-nine volumes planned before World War II by F. Cayré, the founder of the corpus, nine are dedicated to Augustine’s exegetical writings in the strict sense. So far only one of them, De Genesi ad litteram (BA –, ed. P. Agaësse and A. Solignac, ) has been published. Add BA –, the Homilies on the Gospel of John, M. F. Berrouard ed., and . All thirty-nine volumes published at this date, of which the most recent is De doctrina christiana (vol. /, ), date from aft er World War II with the exception of BA , , , and , which were all republished in second edi-tions between and . See G. Madec, La Bibliothèque Augustinienne:
Présentation d’ensemble: Table analytique des introductions et des notes complémentaires (Paris, ).
ii. Corpus Christianorum (CC)
An enterprise of gigantic proportions, the Corpus Christianorum was launched by the Belgian publisher Brepols in for the Series Latina, in for the Series Graeca, and in for the Series Apocryphorum. A selection of titles more directly relevant for the study of patristic exegesis in each of the three Series should suffi ce as a preliminary information. All these titles are referred to in the historical survey of the present Handbook.
Series Latina (CCSL)
III. Cyprian C., Ad Fortunatum (), IIIA. De dominica oratione () IX. Fortunatus Aquileiensis, Tractatus XVII in Evangelium Mathaei () IX A. Chromatius Aquileiensis, Tractatus in Mathaeum ()
One Patristic Exegesis
XIV. Ambrosius, In Lucam, Esaiam () XIX. Apponius, In Canticum ()
XXXII. Augustinus, De doctrina christiana ()
XXXIII. —. Quaestionum in Heptateuchum Locutionum libri VII, De octo quaestionibus ex Veteri Testamento ()
XXXV. —. De Sermone Domini in monte ()
XXXVI. —. In Iohannis evangelio tractatus CXXIV () XXXVIII. —. Enarrationes in Ps. I–L ()
XXXIX. —. Enarrationes in Ps. LI–C () XL. —. Enarrationes in Ps. CI–CL ()
XLI. —. Sermones I–L de Vetere Testamento ()
XLIV B. —. Quaestiones evangeliorum. Quaestiones XVI in Ma-thaeum ()
XLIX. —. Contra adversarium legis et prophetarum () LX. Quodvultdeus, Liber promissionum ()
LXVIII A. Prosper Aquitanus, Expositio Psalmorum ()
LXXII. Jerome, Hebraicae Quaestiones in libro Geneseos. Liber interpretationis Hebraicorum nominum. Commentarioli in Psalmos. Commentarius in Ecclesiasten ()
LXXIII A. —. Commentarius in Esaiam () LXXIV. —. In Hieremiam ()
LXXVI A. —. In Prophetas minores (–) XXVII. —. In Mattheum ()
LXXVIII. —. Homiliae in Psalmos, In Marci evangelium () LXXXVIII. Julian Aeclanensis, Expositio libri Iob, Tractatus Prophe tarum
Osee, Iohel et Amos ()
LXXXVIII A. Th eodore Mopsuesteni, Expositionis in Psalmos Iuliano Aeclanensi interprete in Latinum versae quae supersunt ()
XC. Florilegia Biblica Africana saeculi V ()
XCII. Primasius Hadrumetinus, Commentarius in Apocalypsin ()
XCVII–XCVIII. Cassiodorus, Expositio Psalmorum I–LXX () XCVIII. Expositio Psalmorum I–CL ()
CVIII B–C. Scriptores Hiberniae Minores (–) CVIII D. Florilegia; Testimonia divinae Scripturae ()
CXLII. Gregorius Magnus, Homiliae in Hiezechihelem Prophetam ()
CXLIII. —. Moralia in Iob I–X () CXLIII A. —. Moralia in Iob XI–XXII ()
For the Hebrew Bible to the Septuagint For the Hebrew Bible to the Septuagint
Collections of Primary Texts, New Editions, and Translations
CXLIII B. —. Moralia in Iob XXIII–XXXV ()
CXLIV. —. Expositio in Canticum Canticorum, In librum Primum Regum ()
CXLV. —. Ecloga quam scripsit Lathcen fi lius Baith de Moralibus Iob quas Gregorius fecit ()
Series Graeca (CCSG)
More technical and published without translations, the Series Graeca is the work of specialists writing on a high level of erudition, for their peers. As one notices, almost all the volumes of the Series are directly exegetical.
. M. Geerard, Clavis Patrum Graecorum, vol. I (), II (), III (), IV ().
. F. Petit, ed., Catenae graecae in Genesim et Exodum I (), II Collectio Coisliniana in Genesim ().
. C. Datema, ed., Amphilochii Iconiensis Opera ().
. S. Leanza, ed., Procopii Gazaei Catena in Ecclesiasten. Pseudo-Chrysostomi, Commentarius in eundem Ecclesiasten ().
. J. M. Olivier, ed., Diodori Tarsensis Commentarii in Psalmos, I. Com-mentarius in Ps. I–L ().
. S. Lucà, ed., Anonymus in Ecclesiasten Commentarius qui dicitur Catena trium Patrum ().
. K.-H. Uthemann, Anastasii Sinaitae Sermones duo in constitutionem hominis secundum imaginem Dei nec non Opuscula adversus monothe-letas ().
. M. Hostens, Anonymi auctoris Th eognosiae (saec. IX/X). Dissertatio contra Iudaeos ().
. F. Petit, Catenae Graecae in Genesim et Exodum, II Collectio Coisliniana in Genesim ().
Series Apocryphorum
Th e Series Apocryphorum results from a team working under the leader-ship of F. Bovon, then at the University of Geneva, a superb result indeed which attracted competent specialists on an international scale. Th e texts pub lished in the fi rst critical editions of this series are hardly known by the general scholarly community. Th eir translations from Greek, Latin, Cop tic, Armenian, Ethiopian, or Paleo-Bulgarian are therefore the more indispensable for future scholarship. A volume of commentaries, oft en the work of a whole group of experts follows each edition of a text. A special
One Patristic Exegesis
mention must be made of the Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti, by M. Geerard (), which became part of the series, and which contained detailed information on the present stage of research and publication of all known nt Apocryphals. Th ere is no need to emphasize that such apocryphal literature, though distanced from the present Handbook, cannot be ignored when it impinges upon patristic exegesis.
J.-C. Haelewyck, Clavis Apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti ().
M. Geerard, Clavis Apocryphorum Novi Testamenti ().
.–. E. Junod – J.-D. Kaestli, Acta Iohannis ().
.–. L. Leloir, Écrits apocryphes sur les Apôtres Traduction de l’édition arménienne de Venise, I. Pierre, Paul, André, Jacques, Jean ()—II.
Philippe, Barthélemy, Th omas, Matthieu, Jacques frère du Seigneur, Th addée, Simon, Listes d’ Apôtres ().
.–. J.-M. Prieur, Acta Andreae ().
.–. P. Bottiolo, ed., Ascensio Isaiae (), II. E. Norelli, Commentarius ().
iii. Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium (CSCO) Created at the beginning of the twentieth century by J.-B. Chabot, I. Guidi, H. Hyvernat and B. Carra de Vaux, the Orientalistic Series of Louvain, Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium (CSCO), reached a total of eighty publications before World War II. With its exceptional vigor, its new start in
illustrates the collective dynamic which motivated scholars for the next fi ve decades. Approximately fascicles of critically edited texts and trans-lations in diff erent modern languages with “Subsidia,” or additional erudite contributions in form of dictionaries, concordances, text critical analyses and other studies, were produced in CSCO between and the end of the twentieth century. European and North American scholars joined forces in a relentless eff ort to cover the whole of ancient Oriental literature whose works up to the thirteenth century c.e. witness to the riches of the patristic legacy either secreted away or still openly fl ourishing under the ruling of Islam. In Syriac, Coptic, Armenian, Ethiopian, Iberian (or Old Georgian), and Arabic, the series included lectionaries and other liturgical documents, biblical texts and exegetical commentaries, catenae and innumerable homi-lies, able to communicate the values of patristic traditions still alive in the Orient a long time aft er the collapse of the Roman Empire.
Th e overwhelming achievement of the CSCO presents a clear case of a treasure house of documentation which has hardly been exploited by the
For the Hebrew Bible to the Septuagint For the Hebrew Bible to the Septuagint
Collections of Primary Texts, New Editions, and Translations
scholarly community, but which will provide a sound foundation for future interpretive work still to be undertaken in a systematic retrieving of an-cient Christianity. Patristic exegesis being a central concern in the Louvain Corpus, the relevant fascicles will be listed below, in Part B, Chapters and
in the chronological order of their publication and classifi ed according to their original languages. Th us at a glance, the reader discovers unfamiliar sources. Th anks to the determined investment of a relatively small number of specialists, a whole world of Christian literature covering long centuries and vast territories east of the Mediterranean is still waiting in the CSCO for the endeavors of future scholarship.
iv. Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum (CSEL) Another ancestor among the current collections of patristic texts which dis-played a renewed vitality aft er World War II is the Corpus of Vienna. Created by the Imperial Academy of Austria in , the Corpus Vindobonense counted volumes in . For a new start aft er , it changed its title into Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, thereby like GCS marking the explicit will to open its horizon of erudite publications. Th e Commentary on Acts by Arator (A. P. McKinlay, ed., ), Augustine’s De doctrina christiana (G. M. Green, ed., ), Ambrose’s Commentaries on the Pauline Letters (H. J. Vogels, ed., , , ), the Opera Exegetica of Marius Victorinus (F. Gon, ed., ), Augustine’s Expositio quarundam propositionum ex epistola ad Romanos, Epistolae ad Galatas expositionis liber unus, Epistolae ad Romanos inchoata expositio (J. Divjak, ed., ), De Genesi contra Manichaeos (D. Weber, ed., ), as well as four volumes of Jerome’s Letters (the fourth volume of “Indices et Addenda,” is due to M. Kamptner) in the new edition of L. Hilberg (), represent a valuable addition to the critical editions of exegetic works secured by CSEL during the past forty years See M. Zelzer, “Ein Jahrhundert (und mehr) CSEL, Evaluation von Ziel und Veröff entlichungen,” Memorial Dom Eligius Dekkers, OSB = SacEr
(Louvain, –), –.
v. Griechische Christliche Schriftsteller (GCS)
Th e prestigious Corpus of Berlin was initiated in by a Commission of the Prussian Academy of Sciences whose members were the philological celebrities Diels, Dillmann, Gebhardt, Harnack, Loof, and Mommsen. Th e
One Patristic Exegesis
fi rst volume with the exegetical and homiletic works of Hippolytus appeared in . Th irty volumes were published up to the end of World War I, a task uninterrupted by the war itself, while a total of forty volumes were in print before the collapse of the Th ird Reich. When giving the series a new start in the early s, the editors decided to drop “drei” in its original title:
“Griechische Christliche Schrift steller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte.” Th e new open chronology allowed the integration of Basil of Caesarea’s Homilies on the Hexameron (E. Amand de Mendieta and S. Y. Rudberg, eds., ) into the Corpus, as well as Eusebius of Caesarea’s voluminous Commentary on Isaiah (J. Ziegler, ed. ).
Highly signifi cant also in GCS were new critical possibilities given by a more thorough study of ancient manuscripts in the “Neubearbeitung aller bisher erschienenen Origenes-Bände,” “the reworking of all volumes of Origen published so far” as announced in “Origenes IX” (). At least, Origen’s Homilies on Luke in the Translations of Jerome and the Greek Fragments of the Homilies and the Commentary on Luke (M. Rauer, ed.) started to materialize the project in that volume of , but the expressed intention apparently had no other following.
vi. Patrologiae Cursus Completus. Series Latina.
Supplementum (PLSup)
Special attention must be paid to the Supplementum of Migne’s Latin Patrology (PLSup), published by A. Hamman, from to in fi ve volumes. Th e updating of PL up to the early s presents all patristic and medieval texts discovered and published since Migne’s PL was printed. Th ese new texts constitute many additions to Migne which would normally fi nd their place in a new edition of the celebrated Patrologia. Even for small fragments of texts already in PL, if ever produced in a new critical edition, A. Hamman consistently indicates in full detail how the fragments have been edited as well as the manuscripts on which the newly reproduced texts are based, with an acknowledgment of their fi rst publishers. In other words, not only is PL thereby updated, but at the same time an updated survey is secured for the critical work on Latin patristic sources completed in the fi rst half of the twentieth century. Such an initiative, benefi cial as it is for generations of students to come, witnesses to a remarkable collective awareness among patristic experts in the immediate aft ermath of World War II, that a new era was dawning for patristics.
Th e list of titles in PLSup, Textus singulis scriptoribus attributi,
enumer-For the Hebrew Bible to the Septuagint For the Hebrew Bible to the Septuagint
Collections of Primary Texts, New Editions, and Translations
ated in vol. V, Indices (), the work of L. Bailly and J.-P. Bouhot, covers over sixty pages PL format. From Ambrose of Milan to Pope Zosimus, each author’s name is followed by the list of his writings reprinted in PLSup: eight such titles for Ambrose, for Augustine (essentially the collections of his sermons published by Caillau-Saint-Yves, Lambot, Mai, Morin, Willmart and others), with even a greater number for pseudo-Augustine. Caesarius of Arles, almost entirely authenticated in the sources since the early twentieth century, has almost as many titles as Augustine. Other heavy-weights of the twentieth-century critical editions are Chrysostomus Latinus, Epiphanius Latinus, Eusebius Gallicanus, Gregorius Magnus, Pelagius I. Jerome accounts for titles. It is fascinating to examine the editorial work leading to such an accumulation of up-dated primary sources, especially when one considers the achievements of the second half of the century, such as the discovery of new sermons and letters of Augustine which surprisingly enough had escaped the attention of all former editors.
vii. Patrologia Orientalis (PO)
As a project conceived in at a “Congrès des Orientalistes” in Paris, the Patrologia Orientalis was founded by R. Graffi n and, for a long period of time, directed by him and F. Nau. Th e fi rst volume of the series appeared in
, its volume in , the series maintaining its publications and its standards throughout World War II under R. Graffi n’s fi rm direction. Still under his supervision, volume came out in . Aft er R. Graffi n’s death, years past before the series took a new start with his nephew, F. Graffi n, a Jesuit expert in Syriac, as director. From until the late s. twenty imposing volumes enriched this prestigious collection.
Th e following titles of PO since are of a special interest for stu-dents of patristic exegesis. Note that vol. is dated from , but its fi ve fascicles are actually to be dated as follows: (fasc. ), (fasc. ).
(fasc. ), (fasc. ), (fasc. ). Th e same disposition is kept in the subsequent volumes.
In vol. (–) among other works is that of M. Brière, L. Mariès, B.-C. Mercier, eds., Hippolyte de Rome, Sur les Bénédictions d’Isaac, de Jacob et de Moïse ().
Th e Ethiopian Synaxarion, or Book of the Saints, started publication in PO, vol. (I. Guidi, ed., ). It was continued in vol. (I. Guidi, ed., ), vol. (I. Guidi and S. Grébaut, eds., ) and vol. (S. Grébaut, ed., ).
Its critical edition and translation received a new start still with S. Grébaut
One Patristic Exegesis
as editor in , and was freshly energized by G. Colin from vol. () to vol. ().
Th e critical edition and French translation in PO of Severus of Antioch’s one hundred twenty-fi ve Cathedral Homilies required even more enduring eff orts if not a longer period of time. Started in vol. () with R. Duval as editor, their publication continued in vol. () and () with M. Brière, Vol. (), with M.-A. Kugener and E. Triff aux as editors, vol. () with M. Brière, ed., and vol. (), again with I. Guidi, ed. Aft er World War II the editing of Severus’s Homilies started again in vol.
(), still with M. Brière as editor. In vol. () Brière’s work was published posthumously; it continued to serve as the basis for F. Graffi n’s editing in vol. (), for F. Graffi n and C. J. A. Lash’s collaborative edit-ing in vol. (), and again for F. Graffi n’s tireless dedication in vol.
(), still with M. Brière as editor. In vol. () Brière’s work was published posthumously; it continued to serve as the basis for F. Graffi n’s editing in vol. (), for F. Graffi n and C. J. A. Lash’s collaborative edit-ing in vol. (), and again for F. Graffi n’s tireless dedication in vol.