VW 506.00 - llight-running and standard motor oils for diesel engines (SAE 0W/5W/10W-X, XW-30/40) with very extended drain intervals (since 05/1999)
VW 506.01 - light-running and standard motor oils for diesel engines with pumpe- jet (SAE 0W/5W/10W-X, XW-30/40) with very extended drain intervals
MB of the series MB 226.X, MB 227.X, MB 228.X a 229.X(X stands for a figure).
-Examples may be the recent requirements on multi-grade oils for diesel engines expressed in the guidelines
MB 228.1 - oils for diesel (non-turbocharged and turbocharged) and gasoline engines
MB 228.3 - oils for diesel non-turbocharged and turbocharged engines in passenger cars and trucks, suitable for long-distance transport and extended drain intervals
MB 228.5 - or applications similar to MB 228.3, better end-use properties – possible further extension of drain intervals, suitability for EURO 2-compliant engines and engines with heavy load and small oil fill operating under heavy thermal load
Oils for Two-Stroke Gasoline Engines
Viscosity classification SAE J 300
❏SAE classification for motor oils (only selected classes) is used for viscosity sorting of this oil category.
Performance classification API
❏In the past API elaborated classification of oils for two-stroke engines; oils were identified by two letters. The first letter – T – characterized the two-stroke engine oil category, the second letter in alphabetical order (A, B, C, D) the oil performance. The classification is no longer applicable although it is still used. Oils identified in accordance with Japanese classification JASO (classes FA, FB, FC) or European Global (classes GB, GC, GD) have emerged.
Note: At present the most common oils are in the API TC category.
Automotive Gear Oils for Mechanical Gears (Gearboxes and Axle Drives)
Viscosity classification SAE J 300
❏It characterizes the viscosity/temperature oil performance with a symbol composed of figures; oils suitable for winter operation are identified by an additional W (Winter). It includes four grades of „winter” oils (70W, 75W, 80W, 85W) and five grades of „summer” oils (80, 85, 90, 140, 250). The sorting parameter is viscosity at 100 oC and max. temperature for dynamic viscosity of 150 Pas (in the case of „winter“ oils).
Note: Generally, the higher the number characterizing SAE gradein both groups, the more viscous the oil is. Modern oils labelled
as year-round may conform to the requirements of several viscosity grades at the same time. Such oils are identified by a combination of the respective marginal grade – e.g. SAE 75W-90 – Multigrade Oil.
Performance classification API
❏Oils for mechanical gearboxes are identified by the symbol GL and an additional figure (1 to 5 or 6). For example, the categories GL 1 and GL 2 include oils with no improving additive; other categories include oils with high-pressure or other additives. The most frequently used oils are in the categories GL 4 (for automotive gearboxes and axle drives with ordinary load) and GL 5 (for hypoid gears).
Oils for Automatic Gearboxes and Oils for Combined Systems (Multipurpose Tractor Oils)
❏Oils for automatic gearboxes are all characterized by the in-house specifications. The dominant manufacturers of these gearbox systems – Ford and GMC play the main role in this field; they have also elaborated specifications that are now most frequently used. In the case of Ford, it is the guidelines of the M 2 C 33 series, recently MERCON, GMC prescribes for their vehicles compliance with specification Allison Type C for gearboxes in heavy mobile machinery and Dexron® for automatic gearboxes in passenger cars.
❏As concerns the special field of tractor oils, the efforts made towards simplification in handling several kinds of oils for one vehicle resulted in implementation of uniform oil – so-called STOU oil (for lubrication of engines, mechanical gears, hydraulic systems and possibly also „wet disc brakes”). The first stage of the development was the so-called UTTO oil (for hydraulic systems, gears and „wet disc brakes”). Also in this area, the leading global tractor manufacturers are dominant and so there are specifications for individual oil categories – such as Ford M2C 86A, JD 20A, JD27, Massey Ferguson M 1135, International Harvester B6, Zetor etc.
Industrial Oils
In the category of industrial oils, the most frequently applied classification has been elaborated by ISO (International Standard Organization). Very often the classification according to DIN (Deutsche Industrie Norm) is also used.
ISO Classification
Viscosity classification ISO 3448
❏Viscosity classification for sorting industrial oils is systematically based on oil cinematic viscosity at 40 ˚C, which is the sorting criterion. Oils are divided into 18 standard classes (from 2 to 1500 mm2
/s at 40 ˚C) always with an admissible range of 10 %.
Example: Code ISO VG 46 identifies oil of the viscosity of 46 mm2
/s (10 %).
Performance classification ISO 6743/0
❏Industrial oils are classified according to their performance using the main symbols (letters in the first column in the following table) identifying the basic application category (application field) and additional letters indicated in the standards (see the standards in the third column in the table), which specify the respective products as to their application and mainly their performance.
Example: Code ISO-L-TSA 32 identifies oil for steam turbines with normal operation, viscosity of 32 mm2
/s at 40 ˚C (10 %).
Summary of the main application categories of lubricants and corresponding symbols (according to ČSN ISO 6743/0):
Category Application field Indicated in ISO
A Open lubrication systems 6743/1
B Mould lubrication *)
C Gearings 6743/6
D Compressors including refrigeration, vacuum pumps 6743/3
E Combustion engines 6743/15
F Spindles, bearings and appurtenant clutches 6743/2
G Slideways 6743/13 H Hydraulic mechanisms 6743/4 M Metalworking 6743/7 N Electrical insulation *) P Pneumatic machinery 6743/11 Q Heat transfer 6743/12
R Temporary anti-corrosive protection 6743/8
T Turbines 6743/5
U Heat treatment 6743/14
X Applications requiring greases 6743/9
Y Other applications 6743/10
Z Steam engines *)
*) Classifications are in preparation
DIN Classification
Viscosity classification DIN 51519
❏Viscosity classification for sorting of industrial oils has been taken from the ISO system – it is based on oil cinematic viscosity at 40 ˚C; oils are divided into 18 standard classes (from 2 to 1500 mm2
/s at 40 ˚C) always with an admissible range of 10 %.
Performance classification DIN 51 502
❏Industrial oils are classified using the main symbols (letters in the first column in the following table) identifying the lubricant characteristics as to the field of application (second column) and additional letters indicated in the standards (see the standards in the third column in the table), which specify the respective products as to their application and mainly their performance.
Example: Code DIN 51524 – HLP 46 identifies hydraulic oil for heavy-duty hydrostatic systems, viscosity of 46 mm2
/s at 40 ˚C (10 %).