Chapter Five
5.6 Limitations to the study
The present study has been limited by time constraints. Ideally the researcher wanted to be able to spend a more lengthy time at the study area in order to engage with the farmers at a depth that would enable the researcher to gain insight into the perceptions of ICM that are held by these all important water users in the catchment.
The researcher is aware that a great deal of the interview data is comprised of that obtained from DWA officials, the GIB and to a lesser degree the NMBM. Although this constitutes significant information as the stakeholders listed are identified as key stakeholders, the study would have benefited from the richness of equal input from other stakeholders whose roles are of no less importance.
128 5.7 Recommendations
Key recommendations proposed by the study are as follows:
The only principle of ICM provided by the UNDP/GWP (2004) that was not explored in the current study is the one that states that surface water and ground water and the ecosystems through which they flow must be integrated within water resources planning and management. In future studies this principle, with particular emphasis on ground water, can and should be investigated.
Since it was discovered that some examples of successful partnerships between large commercial farmers in the valley and small emerging farmers exist, this can be explored to see how partnerships can be applied to other emerging farmers in order to achieve success in future.
A stronger contractual agreement for the provision of maintenance between water boards and the DWA could be of benefit to all stakeholders. This should by all means be encouraged and acted upon.
Lastly, as it has been highlighted from the emergent theory, it is necessary to approach the assessment of ICM in the context of CAS and approaches should be adaptive to change. Exploring this further would go beyond the scope of the current study but can be appreciated as a proviso when dealing with natural resource management systems such as ICM.
129 5.8 Conclusion
This study has used an inductive approach to examine the reality of implementation of ICM from a South African perspective, namely that of the Gamtoos River Catchment. Specifically it has explored what the main challenges to implementation are and to what extent these exist in the context of the catchment area.
The Gamtoos River Catchment case study has shown that despite the existence of numerous challenges, the response to challenges reveals a state of success in implementing ICM with room for improvement which borders on optimal ICM. This was achieved through an iterative process, making links between key features of responses to challenges and characteristics of learning scenarios developed for ICM in the Gamtoos River Catchment.
Findings reveal that the variables that aid in our understanding of the state of ICM in the Gamtoos River Catchment can be summarized into three categories namely resource use, resource planning and natural resource management. These are all subject to change due to the nature of the systems that they represent being CAS. In evaluating these systems, they need to be approached within the framework of CAS- that is, they need to be adaptive to change.
130
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