List of Codes and Standards

Committees of leading engineering societies and standardization groups prepare various Codes and Standards, applicable to Design, fabrication and welding of piping systems. These are, generally, written with authenticity to establish the minimum requirements of quality and safety. Its main objective is to have Standardization and Safety. Periodic review of the standards by the committee is done and these are revised to incorporate the modified features based on the research and feedback from industry. Codes and Standards are essential Documents for Design, Engineering, Construction, Inspection and proper selection of Material of Piping Systems. It reduces cost, confusion and inconvenience. It is, hence, necessary that the latest editions of the codes and standards be referred for the design.

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI): These specify the material by its Chemical and Physical properties. ANSI Standards can identify the material when specific model of manufacture of the element is not specified.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI): The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. ANSI has five founding Engineering Societies, such as, American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE); American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME); American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE); American Institute of Mining Engineers (AIME); and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). All Dimension Standards are covered under ANSI. The American National Standards Institute's standards used in the design of the Piping Systems are:

ANSI A13.1 : Scheme for the Identification of Piping Systems ANSI A58.1 : Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures

ANSI B31.1 : Code for Power project piping ANSI B31.2 : Industrial Gas and Fuel Gas Piping ANSI B31.3 : Code for petroleum refinery piping

ANSI B31.4 : Code for Liquid petroleum transportation piping system

ANSI B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping.

ANSI B31.6 : Chemical Industry Process Piping

ANSI B31.8 : Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems.

ANSI B 31.9 : Building Services Piping

ANSI B 31.11 : Slurry Transportation Piping System

ANSI B 31.G : Manual for determining the remaining strength of corroded piping – a Supplement to ANSI B31

American Petroleum Institute (API): API produces standards, recommended practices, specifications, codes and technical publications, reports. Different API standards promote the use of safe, interchangeable equipment and operations through the use of proven, sound engineering practices and are listed as below:

API RP14E: Recommended practice for offshore piping.

API RP14C: Recommended practices for concerning required Safety devices for process components.

API RP520: Recommended practice for design and installation of

Pressure Relieving Systems in Refineries, Part-I and Part-II.

API RP521: Guide for Pressure Relief and Depressurising System.

API 1102: Recommended practice for liquid petroleum cross-country pipeline, rail roads and highways

API 1104: Specification for welding of cross-country pipeline and related facilities.

API 1105: Bulletin on construction practices for oil and its producer’s pipelines

API 1107: Recommended practice for maintenance of welding of pipelines

American Society for Mechanical Engineers (ASME): ASME has adapted most of ANSI and ASTM Standards. This code covers piping connected to Boilers (Section I) to Pressures Vessels (section VIII), and to Nuclear Power Plant Components (Section-xi), which is frequently used by piping engineers and are listed below:

SECTION-I; Rule for construction of Power Boiler SECTION-II; Material

Part A Ferrous Material Specifications Part B Nonferrous Material Specifications

Part C Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes and Filler Metals Part D Properties

SECTION-III: General Requirements for Nuclear Vessels: Division 1 and

Division 2.

SECTION IV: Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers SECTION V: Non-destructive Examination

SECTION VI: Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation Heating Boilers

SECTION VII: Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers

SECTION VIII: Unfired Pressure Vessels: Rules for Construction of Pressure

Vessels

Division 1 Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessel Division 2 Alternative Rules

Division 3 Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessel

SECTION IX: Qualification Standard for Welding and Brazing Procedure,

Welders, Brazers and Operators Qualifications SECTION X: Fibre-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels

SECTION XI: Rules for In-service Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components

American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM): All Material Standards are covered under ASTM, which consists of 16 sections on definitions and classifications of Materials of Construction and Test methods. Most of the ASTM Standards are adapted by ASME and are specified in ASME Section II. ASME Section II covers the various materials such as plates, castings, Pipe and tubes. The specification number has an Alphabetical prefix, "A" for ferrous and "B" for non-ferrous materials

and so on. ASTM also specifies standard practice for numbering metal and alloys as Unified Numbering System. Unified Numbering System (UNS) establishes 18 series numbers of metals and alloys. Each UNS number consists of a single letter prefix followed by 5 digits. In most cases the alphabet is suggestive of the family of the metal identified.

American Welding Society (AWS): These standards provide information on the welding fundamentals; weld design, welder's training qualifications, testing and inspection of the welds and guidance on the application and use of welds.

American Water Works Association (AWWA): These standards refer to the piping elements required for low-pressure water services. These are less stringent than other standards. Valves and Flanges required for large diameter water pipelines are covered under this standard and are referred rarely by piping engineers.

British Standard (BS): British Standard may be substitutes for American Standards.

Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (DIN): This is a German Institute for Standardization. German Institute for Standardization is the German national organization for standardization and is that country's ISO member body. DIN is a Registered German Association (e.V.).

Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS): This specifies the standards used for industrial activities in Japan. The standardization process is coordinated by Japanese Industrial Standards Committee and published through Japanese Standards Association.

Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association (EJMA): It is the Authority on Expansion Joints. The EJMA Standards are the authority on the proper selection and application of metallic bellows type expansion joints for safe and reliable piping and vessel installation. EJMA Standards is intended to provide users with a basic understanding of expansion joints and Heat Exchangers. It will also assist the user in communicating design requirements to the manufacturers and to properly install and maintain the expansion joint in service.

Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS): Bureau of Indian Standards has so far not developed an Indian Standard for the design of Piping Systems. Indian Standards do not cover dimensions and material specifications under the same standard number. There are no groupings based on branch of engineering. So in India, we adopt only the American Standards.

Indian Boilers & Regulation (IBR): This is an Indian Standard for design, fabrication and erection and Inspection of Boiler Piping.

Manufacturers Standardization Society-Standard Practices (MSS-SP): It is Manufacturers Standardization Society. It develops Standard Practices of Valves and Fitting. These are published as advisory standards and are widely followed by manufacturers.

National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE): NACE International is a professional organization for the corrosion control industry. NACE International is involved in every industry and area of corrosion prevention and control, from chemical processing and water systems, to transportation and infrastructure protection. NACE's main focus of activities includes cathode protection, coatings for industry and material selection for specific chemical resistance. NACE standards specify the pipe materials for sour and corrosive services of industries and these material grades are associated with ASME Sec. 2A standards also.

NACE: Sulphide Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistant Metallic Material for oil field (MR-01-75) Equipment

NACE: Testing of Metals for Resistance to Sulphide Stress Cracking at ambient (MR-01-77) Temperature

NACE RP-0286: Electrical Isolation of Catholically Protected Pipelines

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA): This is Code, Standard and Recommended Practice for proper design of the Fire piping system. These Standards and specifications are very authentic and are frequently being used in piping industries for different purposes. It is, hence, necessary that the latest editions of the Codes and Standards shall be referred for the design.

NFPA 70 : National Electric Code

National Fire Code Volume 6 : Sprinklers, Fire Pumps, and Water Tank.

National Fire Code Volume 8 : Portable and Manual Fire Control Equipment.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO): International Organization for Standardization develops International Standards on a variety of subjects and many ISO standards are published every year. The full range of technical fields can be seen from the listing International Standards.

European Committee for Standardization (CEN): The European Committee for Standardization (CEN) is a business facilitator in Europe, removing trade barriers for European industry and consumers. CEN is a major provider of European Standards and Technical Specifications.

Canadian Standards Association (CSA): The Canadian Standards Association is an association serving business, industry, government and consumers in Canada and the global marketplace. They work in Canada and around the world to develop standards that address real needs, such as enhancing public safety and health and advancing the quality of life and helping to preserve the environment.

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE): SAE International is a global association of engineers and technical experts in the aerospace, automotive and commercial-vehicle industries.

United States Military Standard (A-A): A United States Defence Standard, often called a military standard, "MIL-STD", "MIL-SPEC", or "MilSpecs", is used to help achieve standardization objectives by the U.S. Department of Defence. Standardization is beneficial in achieving interoperability; ensuring products meet certain requirements, commonality, reliability, total cost of ownership, compatibility with logistics systems, and similar defence-related objectives.

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