In this section the results of a literature study on market roles within the electricity system are presented; relevant market roles are identified and definitions for each of the roles are given.
B1. Energy Consumer
Entity or person that consumes electricity (EG3, 2013) (ENTSO-E, 2011).
Source Actor Description
CEN, CENELEC & ETSI
Consumer A party that consumes electricity. As the consumer can also generate energy using a Distributed Energy Resource, he is sometimes called the "Prosumer" (CEN, CENELEC & ETSI, 2012, p. 84)
ENTSO-E Consumer A party that consumes electricity (ENTSO-E, 2011, p. 14) EG3 Customer / Consumer Entity or person being delivered electricity (EG3, 2013, p. 45) B2. Energy Producer
A party that produces electricity; this is a type of party connected to the grid (ENTSO-E, 2011, p. 17)
Source Actor Description
ENTSO-E Producer A party that produces electricity. This is a type of party connected to the grid (ENTSO-E, 2011, p. 17)
EG3 Generator Generating electricity, contributing actively to voltage and reactive power control (EG3, 2013, p. 44)
CEN, CENELEC & ETSI
Producer Uses the definition as defined by ENTSO-E European
Parliament and Council
Producer A natural or legal person generating electricity (European Parliament and Council, 2003, p. 4)
B3. Energy Supplier
Interestingly, the EG3 gives two definitions of a ‗Supplier‘, based on two different perspectives. When viewing from the (current) energy market perspective, their definition mainly concerns the contractual agreement with end customer relating to the supply of electricity.
Note: Both the IEC and CEN, CENELEC & ETSI refer to ENTSO-E for their definitions on the role of ‗Energy Supplier‘. However, the role of ‗Energy Supplier‘ is not present in the (current version of the) ENTSO-E role model.
Source Actor Description
ENTSO-E Energy Supplier No description available
Green eMotion Energy Retailer Delivers electricity to the charging spot (Green eMotion, 2013, p. 3)
IEC Energy Supplier Entity that offers contracts for supply of energy to a consumer (the supply contract). Within this role he will initiate demand-supply management activities. Note: in some countries referred to as
Retailer (International Electronical Commission, 2012, p. 12) Note: This definition refers to ENTSO-E as its source. However, the role of ‗Energy Supplier‘ is not present in the ENTSO-E role model. CEN, CENELEC &
ETSI
Supplier Entity that offers contracts for supply of energy to a consumer (the supply contract). Within this role he will initiate demand-supply management activities. Note: in some countries referred to as Retailer (CEN, CENELEC & ETSI, 2012, p. 92)
Note: This definition refers to ENTSO-E as its source. However, the role of ‗Energy Supplier‘ is not present in the ENTSO-E role model.
EG3 Supplier Has a contractual agreement with end customer relating to the
supply of electricity (EG3, 2013, p. 45)
EG3 Supplier A grid user who has a grid connection and access contract with the TSO or DSO. They will provide new services, real-time
information, energy efficiency services and dynamic energy pricing concepts with Time-of-Use (ToU) and local aggregation of demand and supply (EG3, 2013, p. 44)
EG3 Retailer Entity selling electrical energy to consumers - could also be a grid user who has a grid connection and access contract with the TSO or DSO (EG3, 2013, p. 44)
CEN, CENELEC & ETSI
Retailer Uses the definition as defined by EG3
E-clearing.net Energy Supplier The Energy Supplier is contracted by the (local) Charge provider to deliver the Electricity against the contracted tariffs (E-
clearing.net, 2012, p. 6)
De Vries Retailer Provide electricity to consumers, buying electricity wholesale, paying to use the transmission and distribution grids, and doing the billing (De Vries, 2004, p. 40)
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
Supplier Responsible for the sale of electricity to customers (retail). Producer and supplier can be the same entity but this is not always the case. A supplier can also be a wholesale customer or independent trader who purchases electricity with the purpose to resell it in the system (Van Werven & Scheepers, 2005, p. 17) B4. Transmission System Operator
A party that is responsible for a stable power system operation (including the organization of physical balance) through a transmission grid in a geographical area (ENTSO-E, 2011, p. 19)
Source Actor Description
CEN, CENELEC & ETSI
Transmission System Operator
A natural or legal person responsible for operating, ensuring the maintenance of and, if necessary, developing the transmission system in a given area and, where applicable, its
interconnections with other systems, and for ensuring the long- term ability of the system to meet reasonable demands for the transmission of electricity. Moreover, the TSO is responsible for connection of all grid users at the transmission level and connection of the DSOs within the TSO control area (CEN, CENELEC & ETSI, 2012, p. 93)
ENTSO-E System Operator A party that is responsible for a stable power system operation (including the organization of physical balance) through a transmission grid in a geographical area. The System Operator will also determine and be responsible for cross border capacity and exchanges. If necessary he may reduce allocated capacity to ensure operational stability (ENTSO-E, 2011, p. 19)
EG3 Transmission System
Operator
Responsible for connection of all grid users at the transmission level and connection of the DSOs within the TSO control area. De Vries System Operator Maintains system stability and manages the energy balance
within a ‗control zone‘. Where actual demand and supply deviate from the amounts that were contracted by market parties, the system operator maintains the power balance continuously. A second task is to provide (or contract) sufficient black-start power (De Vries, 2004, p. 36)
De Vries Transmission Operator Manages a transmission system. He guards against congestion, maintains reliability of transmission service and provides ancillary services for transport. There can be multiple transmission operators per control zone (De Vries, 2004, p. 36)
European Parliament and Council
Transmission System Operator
A natural or legal person responsible for operating, ensuring the maintenance of and, if necessary, developing the transmission system in a given area and, where applicable, its
interconnections with other systems, and for ensuring the long term ability of the system to meet reasonable demands for the transmission of electricity (European Parliament and Council, 2003, p. 4)
B5. Distribution System Operator
Responsible for regional grid access and grid stability, integration of renewables at the distribution level and regional load balancing (EG3, 2013, p. 44)
Source Actor Description
Green eMotion Distribution System Operator
Provides the power connection point to the charging spot. Is responsible for the voltage stability in the distribution grid (MV/LV grid). Is in charge of providing the energy metering to other market actors (i.e. EVSP, TSO, EVSE Op.) unless there is another actor doing this (i.e. Metering Point Operator). (Green eMotion, 2013, p. 3)
IEC Distribution System
Operator
According to the Article 2.6 of the Directive: "a natural or legal person responsible for operating, ensuring the maintenance of and, if necessary, developing the distribution system in a given area and, where applicable, its interconnections with other systems and for ensuring the long-term ability of the system to meet reasonable demands for the distribution of electricity". Moreover, the DSO is responsible for regional grid access and grid stability, integration of renewables at the distribution level and regional load balancing (International Electronical Commission, 2012, p. 10)
EG3 Distribution System
Operator
Responsible for regional grid access and grid stability, integration of renewables at the distribution level and regional load
European Parliament and Council
Distribution System Operator
A natural or legal person responsible for operating, ensuring the maintenance of and, if necessary, developing the distribution system in a given area and, where applicable, its
interconnections with other systems and for ensuring the long term ability of the system to meet reasonable demands for the
distribution of electricity (European Parliament and Council, 2003, p. 4)
B6. Metering Responsible
The ENTSO-E identifies four separate roles concerning electricity metering: Meter Operator, Metered Data Collector, Metered Data Responsible and Metered Data Aggregator (ENTSO-E, 2011). In our role model, this separation is not relevant; therefore these roles are aggregated into the role of ‗Metering Responsible‘.
Source Actor Description
EG3 Metering Operator The entity that offers services to provide, install and maintain metering equipment related to energy supply. In most EU member states the DSO is also metering operator (EG3, 2013, p. 45)
ENTSO-E Meter Operator A party responsible for installing, maintaining, testing, certifying and decommissioning physical meters (ENTSO-E, 2011, p. 16) ENTSO-E Metered Data Collector A party responsible for meter reading and quality control of the
reading (ENTSO-E, 2011, p. 16)
ENTSO-E Metered Data
Responsible
A party responsible for the establishment and validation of metered data based on the collected data received from the Metered Data Collector. The party is responsible for the history of metered data for a Metering Point (ENTSO-E, 2011, p. 16)
ENTSO-E Metered Data
Aggregator
A party responsible for the establishment and qualification of metered data from the Metered Data Responsible. This data is aggregated according to a defined set of market rules (ENTSO-E, 2011, p. 16)
CEN, CENELEC & ETSI
Meter Operator,
Metered Data Collector, Metered Data
Aggregator
Uses the definitions as defined by ENTSO-E
IEC Meter Operator Uses the definition as defined by ENTSO-E B7. Balance Responsible Party
A party that has a contract proving financial security and identifying balance responsibility with the imbalance settlement responsible of the market balance area entitling the party to operate in the market. This is the only role allowing a party to buy or sell energy on a wholesale level (ENTSO-E, 2011, p. 13)
Source Actor Description
ENTSO-E Balance Responsible Party
A party that has a contract proving financial security and identifying balance responsibility with the imbalance settlement responsible of the market balance area entitling the party to operate in the market. This is the only role allowing a party to buy or sell energy on a wholesale level (ENTSO-E, 2011, p. 13)
EG3 Balance Responsible
Party
Ensures that the supply of electricity corresponds to the
anticipated consumption of electricity during a given time period and financially regulates for any imbalance that arises (EG3, 2013, p. 44)
CEN, CENELEC & ETSI
Balance Responsible Party
Uses the definition as defined by ENTSO-E
B8. Market Operator
Provides a market place for trading physical and financial contracts for capacity allocation (EG3, 2013, p. 44)
Source Actor Description
EG3 Power Exchange Provides a market place for trading physical and financial contracts for capacity allocation (EG3, 2013, p. 44)
ENTSO-E Market Operator The unique power exchange of trades for the actual delivery of energy that receives the bids from the Balance Responsible Parties (BRP) that have a contract to bid. The Market Operator determines the market energy price for the Market Balance Area after applying technical constraints from the System Operator. It may also establish the price for the reconciliation within a Metering Grid Area (ENTSO-E, 2011, p. 16)
CEN, CENELEC & ETSI
Market Operator Uses the definition as defined by ENTSO-E
IEC Energy Market Commodity markets that deal specifically with the trade and supply of energy (purchase and sale of energy products). Energy market may refer to an electricity market, but can also refer to other sources of energy. Note: It typically describes a wholesale market for energy producers and energy retailers (International Electronical Commission, 2012, p. 12)
Green eMotion Marketplace Operator Operates the platform and communications, and manages access to and working of the marketplace (Green eMotion, 2013, p. 6)
De Vries Market Operator Matches supply and demand by organizing markets, such as a spot market and term markets, and/or by coordinating energy programs by generators and loads (De Vries, 2004, p. 40)