Mathematical Model

The test plan for this new model started with components test. Each component was tested to see if it meets its design objectives. All components were later coupled to form a whole system. This was done to simplify error localization and to ensure interleaving

of processes. The first component developed was Global Resource Manager. Its relationship with client on the local machine and cloud server used for storage were tested to ensure jobs are granted appropriate JobID. This process was the first test plan carried out as shown in Figure 4.22.

Figure 4.22: Module and Unit Code Test(1) showing interaction between global resource manager, client on local machine and HDFS

The other three components developed and tested are Rack Unit Resource Manager, Node Manager and Application Master. These three components work exactly like components in the existing system. Hence, they are all re-usable components picked from existing architecture. The interaction between these three components is described in Figure 4.23.

Figure 4.23: Module and Unit Code Test (2) showing interaction between Rack Unit Resource Manager, Node Manager and Application Master

The novel ring architecture of rack unit resource managers was also tested to ascertain continuous execution of jobs in case any rack unit resource manager fails. This test process is shown in Figure 4.24.

Figure 4.24: Module and Unit Code Test (3) showing interaction between Rack Unit Resource Managers

Figure 4.25 describe how the three module and unit code test were coupled and integration/acceptance test carried out to ensure that the whole model meets its design objectives.

Figure 4.25: Whole system test plan 4.7.2 Test Data

One of the popular workload for Hadoop benchmark is WordCount. The workload helps count the occurrence of each word in a text file. The process is to see how efficient and fast this operation will be, so as to determine processing and response time possible for tasks run in Hadoop framework. For this model therefore, WordCount was used as evaluation metric to determine processing and response time between the new and existing system. Table 4.11 shows the text file used for this evaluation. It is important to note that, any text file can run on this application for WordCount MapReduce task.

Table 4.11: Test Data

Women writers and readers have always had to work against the establishment. Aristotle, in his time, declared that the female is a female because she lacks certain qualities that the male, the supposed perfect being, has. St. Thomas Aquinas believed that a woman was the imperfect form of man. In pre-Mendelian days, men regarded their sperm as the active seed which gave form to the waiting ovum of the woman which lacked identity till it received the male’s sperm. All these were established formations by the society that found themselves in some of the writings of the classical period. Throughout its long history, feminism has sought to disturb these established trends and complacent conventions of such cultures rooted in patriarchy. Although the word feminism may only have come into English usage in the 1890s, women’s conscious struggles to resist patriarchy go much earlier than that. Feminism as we have it today started developing only in the 18^th century. Hence, feminism, on a general note, is basically concerned with the struggle for the emancipation of women and the expression of issues regarding the ordeals of women in society. The early activities of feminism, which largely surrounded issues concerning suffrage, are commonly referred to as first wave feminism, which started in England. At this point, feminists like Mary Wollstonecraft and Virginia Woolf articulated what it meant to be a woman in the society and worked towards changing the limitations imposed upon women. In the United States of America, feminists like Margaret Fullers in 1850 and Olive Schreiner in 1848 respectively, advocated women rights. Through the works of Virginia Woolf and Simone de Beauvoir, the first wave of feminism challenged the conventions of their days and paved way for the emergence of the second wave. By the 19^th century, second wave feminism began to build on the successes recorded by the first wave feminists. This was when feminism was developed into theories and strategies aimed at giving the women a voice in the society and a place equal to that of men. The efforts of the first and second wave feminists laid the foundation for the emergence of contemporary feminism. During the second wave, Michele Barrette, through her book, Women’s Oppression Today: Problems in Marxist Feminist Analysis, announced what is today known as Marxist Feminism. In Britain, this brand of feminism was already popular in the late 1960s and the 1970s. It sought to extend Marxism’s analysis of class struggles into the woman history of material and economic oppression, and especially, how the family and the woman’s domestic labour were constructed by and reproduced the sexual division of labour. There was also Gynocriticism that was started by Elaine Showalter which emphasised how distinctive women writing was, saying that the women literary tradition differ from that of the men in the range of syntax, semantics and pragmatics since the woman is physiologically different from the man. Hence, women have their own culture of writing in such a way that behind the writing, the gender could be recognised.

The French feminist scholar Alice Jardine preferred to see that distinct nature of gender in the writing of women as Gynesis, which did not emphasise the gender of the writer but the feminisation of the text.

That is, the feminine effect of the text, by its syntactic, semantic and pragmatic substances, made on the writing. Another French feminist, Monique Wittig, took a more radical stand, rejecting the use of the term “woman” because, in its socially constructed form, it would not include a lesbian, who is not a

“woman” in the sense of sexuality. She thus preferred the term “Lesbian” because it suggests an un-oppressed sexual identity and allows the woman to name and to redefine herself in sexuality and sexual roles. This gave rise to what is today known as lesbian feminism. Black writers and scholars living in the United States of America and Britain embarked on appropriating feminism to their own peculiar situation, resulting in what today is seen as Black/African feminism. In her book, In Search of Our Mother’s Gardens, Alice Walker deconstructs the racial sense inherent in the word feminism, substituting it with what she calls womanism, to replace black feminism. Given the peculiar demands of the society on the African woman, Walker thought that the African woman could not totally, as feminism demanded; rejects the man in her life. Womanism, therefore, advocates a room in which the woman and the man can co-habit.