Plane Grid Method
Select 8 mm bar from the 'Selected' list
Click 'Deselect' button.
Select 12 mm bar from the 'Selected' list.
Click 'Deselect' button.
Select 'Soil Parameters' button from the window.
STRUDS displays a small window where you can specify the properties of soil.
Select 'OK' button.
Select 'OK' button from the Design Parameters window.
Select 'Design' from menu bar.
STRUDS designs all the footings in one stroke. If any footing fails for any of the design checks, STRUDS displays a warning message box. In this case the bond check for footing bars fails.
Select the 'For All Group' option
Select 'Depth' button from the Change option.
Select the 'For All Group' option
Select 'Size' button from the Change option.
Select the 'For All Group' option
Select 'Size' button from the Change option.
STRUDS completes the design for all the footings.
Select 'Design' from menu bar.
Select 'Save' option.
{X-A3.23} To View Design
Select `View Design' from menu.Select any of the footings by cursor. STRUDS displays the design results of that footing on the screen. The X and Y dimensions of the footing, edge depth, main depth and steel provided are shown in the window box. You can also change one of the dimensions of footing. STRUDS will then automatically redesign the footing and calculate the steel required for the revised size.
Select `Close' button.
{X-A3.24} To View Plan + Elevation.
Select `View Plan+Elevation' from the menu.
A box type cursor appears on screen. You can select any of the footings by moving cursor and clicking the left button of the mouse.
STRUDS displays the reinforcement plan and cross sections about both axes of the selected footing. At the top, below menu bar, three icons are displayed. You can click these icons to see the plan and cross sections simultaneously or separately.
Select `Schedule' option.
STRUDS displays the footing design schedule for all the footings.
You can get a print out of this schedule by using the `Print' option from menu. You can also see the print preview of this report by using options `Print' - `Preview' from the menu.
Select `Close' from the menu bar.
{X-A3.26} To View Quantity Report
Select `Report' from the menu.Select `Quantity' option.
STRUDS displays the quantity report for all the footings.
Select `Close'
{X-A3.27} To View Footing CenterLine Plan
Select `CenterLine' from menuSelect `Draw CenterLine' option.
STRUDS displays the foundation plan of all the footings showing centers of footings, pit sizes, footing sizes and reinforcement provided in every footing. You can put on/off the display in this graphics screen as
-Select `CenterLine' from the menu.
Select `Display Settings' option.
All the display settings by default are put on. You can put off say footing bars in X direction by clicking on that option. When you again click on the same option, the display is put on.
Similarly you can use the options `CenterLine' - `Font Settings' to change the font sizes and font types of the text shown on the screen.
Select `Close' to come out of the footing design module.
This way you have designed beams, columns and footings of the sample building by Plane Frame method.
{X-B1} PREPROCESSOR
This is the most desirable method for analysis and design. STRUDS automatically generates a 3-d space frame from the floor plans 3-define3-d by you. You can also generate Win3-d an3-d Earthquake loads as in Plane Frame Method.
Go to the control menu of STRUDS.
Select `Preprocessor' from menu.
Select `Building' - `Open' option.
Select the building ‘Sample’ from the window box.
Select `Open' button.
You are now working on the Sample building project.
{X-B 1.1} Generating Space Frame
Select `Space Frame’ from the menu.Select `Generate’ option.
STRUDS generates the space frame for Sample building. You can change the support conditions at the bottom of space frame i.e. at footing level by using `Space Frame’ - `Support’ option. By default the support condition is taken as fixed. So the footings will be designed for biaxial moments.
{X-B 1.2} To View Space Frame
Select `Space Frame’ from menu.Select `View’ -`Space Frame’ option.
By using this option you can view the space frame generated for the sample building. STRUDS displays a new screen with graphical icons at the top left corner and along the left side of the screen.
At the top two pull down menu are available which show the floor no. and level no. of each floor.
Select `All Floors’ from the pull down menu.
Select the icon for `Isom’ (Isometric view) from the left top corner.
STRUDS displays the 3-d view of space frame for the entire structure. Similarly you can select a particular floor and see the 3-d view of that floor.
Select the icon for `X-Y’ (View in XY plane)
STRUDS displays the 2-d plane grid view of space frame in XY plane.
Select `X-Z’ icon.
STRUDS displays the 2-d view in XZ plane. Which is the plane frame.
Select `Y-Z’ icon.
STRUDS displays the view of the space frame in YZ plane.Which is a plane frame.
Four icons are displayed in the form of left / right / up and down arrows. You can select these icons to move the display of structure to left, right, up or down.
There are two icons shown by + and - sign. These icons indicate Zoom-in and Zoom-out option.
You can select these icons to enlarge or compress the view of structure.
Below this another pair of icons is present. The left icon is for Zoom-all option. The right icon is for Zoom-Window option. You can select these icons to view the full structure or enlarge the selected portion of structure.
You can also rotate the 3-d space frame by using the Rotation option.
At the top left corner, four icons are arranged horizontally.
Select the second icon.
STRUDS displays two different views of the structure in horizontally split manner.
Select the third icon.
STRUDS displays two different views of the structure in vertically split manner.
Select the fourth icon.
STRUDS displays four different views of the structure.
Select the first icon.
STRUDS displays the full screen view of the structure.
Select `Space Frame’ from menu.
Select `View’ - `Settings’
STRUDS displays a window with two pull down menus.
Select the left pull down menu Element Ids.
Select `Space Frame’ option.
Select `Node Ids’ menu.
Select `Space Frame’ option.
Select `OK’ button.
STRUDS displays the element nos. and node nos. of all the elements and nodes of the structure in display.
Select `Building’ from menu.
Select `Close’ option.
STRUDS puts off the display of space frame view.
STRUDS displays a window box with many fields.
You are required to fill in the values for basic parameters for seismic load consideration.
STRUDS generates loads as per IS:1893. If you do not know about the values to be fed in -Click `Help' button at the bottom left corner of the window.
STRUDS shows a help file. You can click any of the options in the window. STRUDS displays the related pages from IS:1893 which you can read and provide input.
Select `File' - `Exit' to come out of the help topic.
Select `Save' button.
STRUDS gives message
Select `Yes' button.
Select `Close' button from the window.
Similarly you can generate the wind load on building.
Select `Setup' - `Wind Load Parameters' options from the menu.
A window with fields appears on the screen. You can provide the basic parameters for wind load generation by providing values in the fields. STRUDS automatically calculates the value of K2.
But you can change this value by clicking the `Change' button.
Select `Save' button.
Select `Close' button.
Select `Load' from menu bar.
Select `Generate EQ Load' option.
STRUDS calculates the earthquake load coming on the building in both X and Y directions.
Select `Load' from menu bar.
Select `Generate EQ Load' option.
Select 'Frame stiffness Basis' option.
STRUDS calculates the earthquake load coming on the building in both X and Y directions and gives the message.
Click 'OK'
Select `Load' from menu bar.
Select `Generate Wind Load' option.
STRUDS generates wind load acting on the building and gives the message.
Click 'OK'
Select `Load' from menu bar.
Select `EQ Load Report' option.
STRUDS displays the calculations for the generation of earthquake load.
Select `Print' - `Preview' options to see the entire text.
Select `Close' Select `Load'
Select `Wind Load Report' option.
STRUDS displays the intermediate calculations for wind load generation and their distribution.
Select `Close' option.
{X-B 1.4} Defining Load Cases
Select `Loadcases' from the menu.Select `Space Frame'
A window appears on the screen. This window displays a list of available loadcases. You can select the loacases for which you can analyze the structure. By default, STRUDS analyses all structures for DL and LL. If you want to add more loadcases, you can do so by following procedure.
Select `WL X+' from list.
Select `Select' button.
Now STRUDS will analyze the space frame for six loadcases i. e. DL, LL, WLX+, WLY+, EQLX+, EQLY+. You can define any load combinations of these load cases. And select the load case for which the design to be done. Or STRUDS will design the structure for worst load combination automatically.
Select `Save' button from the window.
Select `Building' - `Close' option.
STRUDS gives a warning message.
Select `Yes' button.
Select `Building' -`Exit' options.
The Control Menu of STRUDS appears on screen.
{X-B 2} Analysis of Space Frame
Select `Analysis' from menu bar.
Select `Open' - `Building file' option.
STRUDS displays a window where you can locate the *ctl file for analysis of the building.
Select `Sample.ctl' file Select `Open' button.
Select `Analysis' from menu.
Select `Space Frame'
STRUDS analyses the space frame for all the defined loadcases.
Select `OK' button from the message box.
Now you can see the analysis results by selecting `PostProcessor' from menu bar. Or you can directly go for designing of the structure.
{X-B 3} DESIGN BY SPACE FRAME METHOD
Select ` Design' from the control menu.
Select `File' - `Open' options.
Select file `Sample.bld' from the window.
Select `OK' button.
The floor plan of the bottom most level of Sample building appears on the screen.
The Slab Design will be same as that of Plane Grid Method.
Select `Load Combination' from menu bar.
Select 'Beam' option.
STRUDS displays a window with the list of defined load cases at the left.
Select `New' button.(optional) Select `DL' from the list.
Write 1.1 in the field provided for the field of DL below the list.
Select `Add' button.
Select `LL' from list Write `1.1' in the field.
Select `Add' button.
Select `WLX+' from the list.
Write `1.1' in the field.
Select `Add' button.
Select `Close' button.
This way you have specified a load combination of 1.1DL + 1.1 LL + 1.1 WLX+
Similarly you can create any other load combinations as desired by you. STRUDS can design the structure for any of the load combination or the worst load combination.
Select `Close' button.
{X-B 3.2 } Beam Design By Space Frame Method
Select `Beam' from menu.Select `Settings' from menu.
STRUDS displays a window box with several fields and buttons. You can use the options in this window to specify the basic parameters for beam design.
Select `Reinforcement' button.
STRUDS displays another window to specify the reinforcement parameters. You can again change these parameters as per your discretion.
Select 'Stirrup Grade': Fe250 Select 'Stirrup Dia' : 6 mm Select `OK' button.
Select `Beam' from menu Select `Space Frame' option.
STRUDS displays the following window.
Select Floor ID ; 1 Click ‘OK’
Select `Design' from menu.
Select `New'
STRUDS displays a window showing all the load combinations specified by you in addition to the worst load combination.
Select `Worst Load Combination' from the list.
STRUDS displays a message.
Click 'Yes' to change the beam properties.
STRUDS displays a dialog box
It displays another window
Click 'Close' button.
Click 'Save' button.
Click 'Close' button.
{X- B 3.3} To Save Design
Select `Design' from the menu.Select `Save' from the menu.
{X- B3.4} Grouping Of Beams
Select 'Grouping' from the menu.Select 'Auto' option.
Select 'Marking' from the menu.
Select 'Auto' option.
{X- B 3.5} To View Beam Schedule
Select `Report' from the menu.Select `Schedule' option.
STRUDS displays a text report of the design schedule of all the beams. You can print this report by using `Print' option from the menu. You can also change the fonts etc. of the text by using
`Setting' option from the menu.
Select `Bar Bending' option.
STRUDS displays the bar bending schedule report for all the bars in every beam. The shape of bar types is also indicated at the end of this report.
Select `Close' option.
Select `Report' from menu.
Select `Quantity' option.
STRUDS displays a text report for the quantity of steel and concrete required for all the beams.
You can obtain the print of this report by using `Print' option from the menu. You can also change the Units or the font sizes of text by using `Settings' option from the menu.
Select `Close' from the menu.
Select `SelectGrid' from menu.
A box type cursor appears on the screen.
Select B1 by cursor.
The entire continuos beam comprising B1, B2 appears on the screen. A menu is displayed at the top.
{X- B 3.7} To View Analysis Results
end. You can see the SF values of other beams by using the up and down arrows of the beam labels field.
Select `Analysis Results'.
Select `BM Diagram'.
STRUDS displays the Bending Moment Diagram of the continuous beam. The bending moment values are shown at the right hand side in a small window. STRUDS displays the BM values the first beam from left end. You can see the BM values of other beams by using the up and down arrows of the beam labels field.
Select `Analysis Results' from the menu.
Select `Common' option.
This option allows you to visualize both BMD and SFD together STRUDS displays a window with check boxes.
Select the check boxes of GridLine, Shear Force and Bending Moment by cursor.
Select `OK' button.
STRUDS displays the gridline and its SFD & BMD on the screen.
Select `Close'
Similarly you can use options `Def Diagram' and `Tor Diagram' to see the deflection diagram - values and torsion diagram - values of the selected gridline.
Select `Analysis Results' Select `Redist..' option.
STRUDS displays a window with fields. This option is useful to distribute the moments in a beam. You can specify the percentage moment to be redistributed and STRUDS recalculates the moments. The design of this beam shall be done according to these revised moments.
Type 30 at the field for Left Node.
Type 25 at the field for right node.
Select `Redistribute' button from the window box.
STRUDS displays the revised moments after redistribution. Similarly you can redistribute the moments for other beam spans.
Select `Close' button.
{X- B 3.8} To View Design Results.
Select `Design Results' from menu.
Select `Section Graphics' option.
STRUDS displays the longitudinal section of the continuos beam. The cross section of beams is also displayed at the bottom half of the screen. STRUDS first displays the c/s of first beam from the left end at its support and midspan. If you want to see the c/s of next beam
-Select `Design Results' from menu.
Select `Properties' option.
By using this option, you can change the properties of all or any beam in the selected gridline.
STRUDS displays a window box with several fields and buttons.
Select `Ast Bot..' button.
STRUDS displays the areas of steel required at eleven points in the beam. You can note down the maximum area of steel required.
Select `Close' button from the Design Values window.
Now suppose you want to change the section of B1.
Select `Section Geometry' button.
Overwrite the depth of section as 0.38 in place of 0.45 in the field provided for depth.(optional) Select `OK' button.
Select `Save' button.
Select `Close' button.
STRUDS now automatically redesigns the beam for the revised section. This change is automatically carried out in Schedule, Quantity, Bar Bending report and Section Graphics.
Select `Design Results'.
Select `Section Graphics'.
You can see the change in beam depth and corresponding change in reinforcement.
Please note that here the analysis results remain same. The effect of change in analysis due to change in beam section is not considered. Only the design is changed as per revised section. If you want to take into account the effect on analysis due to change in section, you can change the section of that beam in preprocessor, reanalyze and redesign the beam.
Select `Close' from menu.
Select `Close' from menu.
The main menu of Beam design Module appears on the screen.
Select `Close' from the menu.
STRUDS gives a warning message :
`Save Changes to design ?' Select `No' button.
This way you have designed the beams of selected floor plan of the structure.
Similarly you can design beams for other floors.
{X-B 3.9} Column Design By Spaceframe Method
Select `Column’ from Design Windows Application menu bar.The options `Orientation’ and `Grouping’ are the same as used in `Column’ menu of the
STRUDS displays a window which allows you to number the columns in four different ways.
You can select any of the icon to select your numbering system.
Select `Close’ button from the window
{X-B 3.11} Defining Design Properties
Select `Properties' option.A window appears on the screen with several fields and buttons. You can set the basic parameters like grade of concrete, grade of steel, minimum eccentricity, concrete cover etc. by using the options in this window.
You can also set the reinforcement parameters of the columns.
Click 'Select Bar Diameters' button.
STRUDS displays the following window.
Select the Bar Diameters from the 'Available' list by double clicking on the required bar diameter.
Select 16, 20.
Click 'OK'
Click on the check box for 'Change Size Internally'
Click on the check box for 'Consider Live Load Reduction' Select `Reinforcement Parameters’ button
You can change the parameters by overwriting the values in the field of this window.
Select `OK' button.
Select `Column’ - `Space Frame’ option.
STRUDS reads all the reaction files from the analysis of space frame. The floor plan of bottom-most floor is displayed on the screen.
Select `Design’ from the menu.
Select `New’ - `Biaxial’ options.
STRUDS starts design of all the columns for all defined load combinations. The final design is for the worst load combination out of the defined load combinations.
STRUDS displays a warning message.
Select the check box for`Change bar combination’ option.
Key in 2 in the check box for N1 and Key in 16 in the check box for D1.
Select `Redesign’ option.
STRUDS redesigns the column. And displays the same message box again. This is because it is designing each column at every floor so you have to change the bar combination whenever
STRUDS redesigns the column. And displays the same message box again. This is because it is designing each column at every floor so you have to change the bar combination whenever