[1] The three official full names of the ISO can be found at the beginning of the foreword sections of the PDF document:
“ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004 Standardization and related activities — General vocabulary”(PDF).Archivedfrom the original on 21 July 2011.
[2] “About ISO”. ISO.Archivedfrom the original on 4 October 2007.
[3] “How to use the ISO Catalogue”. ISO.org.Archivedfrom the original on 4 October 2007.
[4] The number of membre working countries an be found on the first page of the report. “Annual Report 2013”. ISO.
Retrieved 18 June 2014.
[5] “About ISO - Our name”. ISO.Archivedfrom the original on 19 September 2012.
[6] “Friendship among equals”. ISO. (page 20)
[7] “ISO name and logo”. ISO.Archivedfrom the original on 19 September 2012.
[8] “A Brief History of ISO”. University of Pittsburgh.
[9] Friendship among equals - Recollections from ISO’s first fifty years(PDF), International Organization for Standardization, 1997, pp. 15–18,ISBN 92-67-10260-5,archivedfrom the original on 26 October 2012
[10] “Structure and governance”. International Organization for Standardization.Archivedfrom the original on 19 September 2012.
[11] “Council”. International Organization for Standardization.Archivedfrom the original on 3 November 2012.
[12] “Technical committees”. International Organization for Standardization. Archivedfrom the original on 19 September 2012.
[13] “Who develops ISO standards?". International Organization for Standardization.Archivedfrom the original on 19 Septem-ber 2012.
[14] “Governance of technical work”. International Organization for Standardization.Archivedfrom the original on 19 Septem-ber 2012.
[15] “ISO/IEC JTC 1”. International Organization for Standardization.Archivedfrom the original on 15 December 2011.
[16] “ISO/IEC JPC 2 Joint Project Committee - Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources - Common terminology”.
International Organization for Standardization.Archivedfrom the original on 6 October 2012.
[17] “ISO members”. International Organization for Standardization.Archivedfrom the original on 19 September 2012.
[18] “General information on ISO”. ISO.Archivedfrom the original on 5 October 2007.
6.12. FURTHER READING 33
[19] The ISO directives are published in two distinct parts:
• “ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1: Procedures for the technical work”(PDF). ISO/IEC. 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 13 June 2012.
• “ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2: Rules for the structure and drafting of International Standards”(PDF). ISO/IEC. 2011.
Archivedfrom the original on 16 October 2011.
[20] ISO.“ISO/IEC Directives and ISO supplement”.Archivedfrom the original on 23 April 2005.
[21] “Freely Available Standards”. ISO. 1 February 2011.
[22] “Free ANSI Standards”. Archived fromthe originalon 3 April 2007.
[23] “About MPEG”. chiariglione.org.Archivedfrom the original on 21 February 2010.
[24] ISO.“International harmonized stage codes”.Archivedfrom the original on 12 August 2007.
[25] ISO.“Stages of the development of International Standards”.Archivedfrom the original on 12 August 2007.
[26] “The ISO27k FAQ - ISO/IEC acronyms and committees”. IsecT Ltd.Archivedfrom the original on 24 November 2005.
[27] ISO (2007). “ISO/IEC Directives Supplement — Procedures specific to ISO”(PDF).Archivedfrom the original on 12 January 2012.
[28] ISO (2007).“List of abbreviations used throughout ISO Online”.Archivedfrom the original on 12 August 2007.
[29] “US Tag Committee Handbook”(DOC). March 2008.
[30] ISO/IEC JTC1 (2 November 2009),Letter Ballot on the JTC 1 Standing Document on Technical Specifications and Technical Reports(PDF)
[31] ISO.“ISO deliverables”.Archivedfrom the original on 12 August 2007.
[32] ISO (2008),ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 - Procedures for the technical work, Sixth edition, 2008(PDF),archivedfrom the original on 14 July 2010
[33] ISO, IEC (5 November 2009).“ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29, SC 29/WG 11 Structure (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 - Coding of Moving Pictures and Audio)".Archivedfrom the original on 28 January 2001.
[34] “Shopping FAQs”. ISO.Archivedfrom the original on 5 October 2007.
[35] Jelliffe, Rick (1 August 2007). “Where to get ISO Standards on the Internet free”. oreillynet.com. Archivedfrom the original on 24 November 2007. The lack of free online availability has effectively made ISO standard irrelevant to the (home/hacker section of the) Open Source community
[36] “Report on WG1 activity for December 2007 Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG1 in Kyoto”. iso/jtc1 sc34.Archived from the original on 12 August 2007.
[37] “Ubuntu’s Shuttleworth blames ISO for OOXML’s win”. ZDNet.com. 1 April 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 4 April 2008.
6.12 Further reading
• JoAnne Yatesand Craig N. Murphy,“Coordinating International Standards: The Formation of the ISO”(PDF).
Archivedfrom the original on 22 September 2010.MIT Innovations and Entrepreneurship Seminar Series, Fall 2006.
• Kuert, Willy (1997). “Friendship Among Equals - Recollections from ISO’s first fifty years”(PDF). ISO.
Archivedfrom the original on 26 October 2012.
6.13 External links
• Official website
• Publicly Available Standards, with free access to a small subset of the standards.
• Advanced search for standards and/or projects
• Concept Database, a terminological database of ISO standards.
• ISO/IEC JTC1
Chapter 7
American National Standards Institute
“American Standards Association” and “ANSI” redirect here. For the ASA film speed scale (100, 200, ...), seeFilm speed#ASA. For other uses, seeANSI (disambiguation).
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI,/ˈænsiː/ AN-see) is a privatenon-profit organizationthat over-sees the development ofvoluntary consensus standardsfor products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States.[3]The organization also coordinatesU.S.standards with international standards so that American products can be used worldwide. For example, standards ensure that people who own cameras can find the film they need for that camera anywhere around the globe.
ANSI accredits standards that are developed by representatives of otherstandards organizations,government agencies, consumer groups, companies, and others. These standards ensure that the characteristics and performance of products are consistent, that people use the same definitions and terms, and that products are tested the same way. ANSI also accredits organizations that carry out product or personnel certification in accordance with requirements defined in international standards.[4]
The organization’s headquarters are inWashington, DC. ANSI’s operations office is located inNew York City. The ANSI annual operating budget is funded by the sale of publications, membership dues and fees, accreditation services, fee-based programs, and international standards programs.
7.1 History
ANSI was originally formed in 1918, when five engineering societies and three government agencies founded the American Engineering Standards Committee (AESC). In 1928, the AESC became the American Standards Association (ASA). In 1966, the ASA was reorganized and became the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI). The present name was adopted in 1969.
Prior to 1918, these five founding engineering societies:
• American Institute of Electrical Engineers(AIEE, nowIEEE)
• American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME)
• American Society of Civil Engineers(ASCE)
• American Institute of Mining Engineers (AIME, nowAmerican Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers)
• American Society for Testing and Materials (nowASTM International)
had been members of the United Engineering Society (UES). At the behest of the AIEE, they invited the U.S.
government Departments of War, Navy (combined in 1947 to become theDepartment of Defenseor DOD) and Commerce[5]to join in founding a national standards organization.
35
According to Paul G. Agnew, the first permanent secretary and head of staff in 1919, AESC started as an ambitious program and little else. Staff for the first year consisted of one executive, Clifford B. LePage, who was on loan from a founding member, ASME. An annual budget of $7,500 was provided by the founding bodies.
In 1931, the organization (renamed ASA in 1928) became affiliated with the U.S. National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC), which had been formed in 1904 to develop electrical and elec-tronics standards.[6]