Example of a Functional Grammar Test
26. OPEN-ENDED QUESTION:
Identify and label all the constituents of the TRANSITIVITY SYSTEM in the following clause complex (Process types, participant roles and circumstance types):
“There you can download images of well-known attractions and send them with your message to multiple recipients”. (par. 4, lines 15-16). For example: She told a story .Answer: Sayer/ Pr. verbal/ Verbiage
KEY
26: There - Circumstance: Location Space/ you – Actor/ download - material Process/ images of well-known attractions – Goal/ send – material Process/them – Goal/ with your message-
Circumstance of Accompaniment/ multiple recipients – Beneficiary (Recipient).
A C D C B A C B C C Just,
probably B C A D A D C A B A B D D A
137 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
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Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements go to Prof. Donna Miller, Chair of English Linguistics at the University of Bologna, for her continuous time and energy dedicated to exchanging ideas and clarifying complex concepts and for her diligent and invaluable editing of the course-book. I would also like to thank all the hundreds of students who have been subjected to the first drafts of this handbook. Their difficulties and constructive feedback have been a major source of insight into pinpointing those areas that have needed further
139
clarification. Special thanks go to Dott.ssa Marina Manfredi and Dott.ssa Emanuela Boiardi for their generous collaboration in reviewing and commenting on some of the draft chapters.
Index
Channel of Communication 111; 113
Client 48
Cohesion – non structural resources 125
Collocation 129
Comment Adjunct 29; 115
Condensation 82 Congruent forms/incongruent forms 26; 32-33;
39-41; 78-84 Conjunctions and Conjunctive Adjuncts in cohesion 127-128
Conjunctive Adjunct 30; 44; 115
Constant thematic progression 124
Continuity Adjunct 30; 115
Deontic modality 33
Ellipsis 127
Embedded clause as Theme 119
Embedded facts 53
Embedded PPs and embedded clauses 18-21
Embedded projections 66
Embedding . See Section 4.2 18-20
Encapsulation 82 Ideational Metaphor – See Chapter 7
Ideology 7-10
140
Marked and unmarked themes 116; 122; 124
Medium 111-113 Meronymy 128-129
Metaphor of Mood 40
Modal Operators 28
Modal/Mood Adjunct 28-30; 115
Modality type (also modalization or modulation) 32-34
Modalization 32-34
Orientation of modality 34 36
Parallel thematic progression 124-125
Predicated theme 118
Process sharing 111
Projection of propositions and proposals 64-66
Projection with mental processes 53-54
Projection with verbal processes 55-56
Range 47-48; 51
Rankshift 17; 21
Receiver 54 Recipient 48
Reference 126-127
Reported locution and reported ideas 64
Reported proposal 64
Split Rheme thematic progression 124
Spoken-ness 112-113
Theme in elliptical clauses 119
Value 37: 71