Cave, Valentine Cave, Caldwell Ice Cave, and Pisgah Crater used in volumetric flow rate calculations
Sample Plag Olv Aug Vesicles Groundmass Crystal
fraction
APE-2 0.372 0.002 0.000 0.176 0.450 0.374
V-2 0.351 0.048 groundmass 0.052 0.549 0.399
CD-1 0.165 0.019 0.000 0.345 0.471 0.184
APPENDIX 7: PARAMETERS USED IN THERMAL BUDGET CALCULATIONS Table A11 Parameters used in thermal budget calculations
Constant parameter Value
Tlava 1150 °C
Tambient 0 °C
Density)of 0.00 vesicle fraction basaltic lava a) 2600 kg/m3
Density)of)0.40 vesicle fraction basaltic lava b) 1560 kg/m3
Thermal conductivity of wall rock a 1 W/mK
Heat capacity lava a 1100 J/kg K
Latent heat of fusion for basaltic composition a 400 kJ/kg
Rate of change of crystal fraction with respect to T a 0.45 vol. %/°C
Permeability of rock surrounding lava tube 10-10 m2
Density)of)aira 0.409 kg/m3
Coefficient)of)thermal)expansion)for)air)a 1.16x10-3 K-1
Viscosity)of)aira 3.83x10-5 Pa s
Rainfall ratec 50 cm/yr
Latent)heat)of)vaporization)for)water)a) 2.8 MJ/kg
Density)of)water)a 1000 kg/m3
Stefan number (S) b 4.4
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