METRODOLOGY
3.4 Phase 4: Implementation and Development
35
and 6 MAP in 2007 (Table 4.8) and, 3 and 5 MAP in 2008 at Ajibode (Table 4.9).
Similarly at Oluana, the varieties differed significantly (p < 0.05) in number of leaves at 3 and 4 MAP in both years (Tables 4.10 and 4.11). The TMS 92/0326 produced higher number of leaves than TMS 30572 at 3 MAP in 2008 at Ajibode as well as in all cases at Oluana in 2007. At Ajibode, TMS 30572 consistently produced more leaves per plant than TMS 92/0326 at 4 – 6 MAP in both years of study while the reverse was the case at 3 – 5 MAP in 2007 and 3 - 6 MAP at Oluana, in 2008 (Table 4.11). However, at 5 MAP in both years, TMS 92/0326 produced lower number of leaves than TMS 30572 at Ajibode (Tables 4.8 and 4.9).
Fertilizer application had significant effect (p < 0.05) on number of leaves per plant of cassava at 3 MAP in 2007 and 6 MAP in 2008 at Ajibode only. In both cases, maximum number of leaves per plant (54.1 in 2007 and 80.2 in 2008) was produced with the application of OF at 3.5 t/ha (Tables 4.8 and 4.9). Application of OF at 4.5 t/ha in both years, NPK at 600 kg/ha in 2007 and OF at 2.5 t/ha in 2008 resulted in number of leaves per plant comparable to that produced with 3.5 t OF/ha and significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control. However, in both locations, the two varieties produced more leaves per plant with the application of fertilizer in 2007 than with fertilizer in 2008 at 4 – 6 MAP.
36
Table 4.8. Effect of fertilizer application on number of leaves per plant of cassava varieties at Ajibode in 2007
Months after planting
Treatments 3 4 5 6
Cassava variety (V)
TMS 30572 TMS 92/0326 SE
Fertilizer (F)
No fertilizer (control) NPK at 600 kg/ha OF at 1.5 t/ha OF at 2.5 t/ha OF at 3.5 t/ha OF at 4.5 t/ha OF at 6.0 t/ha SE
SE (Interaction) F x V
48.4 45.7 6.11ns
39.3c 52.4ab 47.7b 44.6bc 54.1a 49.7ab 41.8bc 1.97*
3.14ns
64.0 59.3 2.93ns
53.2 72.3 59.6 61.4 68.6 62.6 59.1 6.87ns
8.79ns
93.2a 76.6b 3.18*
79.4 89.0 83.0 89.7 88.5 87.9 86.8 5.85ns
7.35ns
109.0a 90.6b 3.14*
83.6 103.2 101.1 108.4 103.6 98.2 100.7 5.17ns
6.50ns
Means for different levels of each factor followed by the same letter(s) in a column are not significantly different at 5% level of probability using LSD (Cassava variety) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Fertilizer level)
ns = Not significant
* = Significant at 5% level
37
Table 4.9. Effect of fertilizer application on number of leaves per plant of cassava varieties at Ajibode in 2008
Months after planting
Treatments 3 4 5 6
Cassava variety (V)
TMS 30572 TMS 92/0326 SE
Fertilizer (F)
No fertilizer (control) NPK at 600 kg/ha OF at 1.5 t/ha OF at 2.5 t/ha OF at 3.5 t/ha OF at 4.5 t/ha OF at 6.0 t/ha SE
SE (Interaction) F x V
39.8b 43.3a 0.90*
37.3 40.5 41.3 38.7 44.8 41.9 46.2 3.35ns
3.62ns
58.3 56.9 2.47ns
60.3 50.5 62.3 51.2 63.3 57.6 57.9 3.75ns
5.80ns
83.0a 71.8b 3.00*
70.7 81.6 77.4 75.6 83.0 77.1 76.5 4.59ns
6.49ns
65.5 65.4 3.26ns
47.1c 62.2abc 54.9bc 71.2ab 80.2a 76.2ab 66.5abc 7.10*
9.37ns
Means for different levels of each factor followed by the same letter(s) in a column are not significantly different at 5% level of probability using LSD (Cassava variety) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Fertilizer level)
ns = Not significant
* = Significant at 5% level
38
Table 4.10. Effect of fertilizer application on number of leaves per plant of cassava varieties at Oluana in 2007
Months after planting
Treatments 3 4 5 6
Cassava variety (V)
TMS 30572 TMS 92/0326 SE
Fertilizer (F)
No fertilizer (control) NPK at 600 kg/ha OF at 1.5 t/ha OF at 2.5 t/ha OF at 3.5 t/ha OF at 4.5 t/ha OF at 6.0 t/ha SE
SE (Interaction) F x V
34.6b 50.7a 3.92*
34.1 42.8 39.5 48.9 43.8 53.7 44.6 6.68ns
8.06ns
64.6b 81.6a 4.21*
68.6 77.9 78.6 75.6 86.4 81.7 73.0 6.88ns
23.10ns
89.5 94.7 3.97ns
81.8 102.3 90.1 96.4 110.9 106.6 96.3 9.84ns
11.35ns
102.2 101.1 6.36ns
91.6 101.1 99.5 98.4 111.9 113.4 98.9 8.23ns
13.44ns
Means for different levels of each factor followed by the same letter(s) in a column are not significantly different at 5% level of probability using LSD (Cassava variety) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Fertilizer level)
ns = Not significant
* = Significant at 5% level
39
Table 4.11. Effect of fertilizer application on number of leaves per plant of cassava varieties at Oluana in 2008
Months after planting
Treatments 3 4 5 6
Cassava variety (V)
TMS 30572 TMS 92/0326 SE
Fertilizer (F)
No fertilizer (control) NPK at 600 kg/ha OF at 1.5 t/ha OF at 2.5 t/ha OF at 3.5 t/ha OF at 4.5 t/ha OF at 6.0 t/ha SE
SE (Interaction) F x V
39.6b 44.2a 1.12*
45.7 47.5 47.8 50.3 48.5 49.3 47.7 2.01ns
2.69ns
61.3b 72.5a 2.60*
69.2 74.0 76.1 68.3 72.7 69.5 79.7 3.93ns
4.22ns
78.9 84.6 3.97ns
78.6 96.6 85.4 83.5 91.0 88.1 84.4 6.52ns
8.14ns
84.4 91.1 4.25ns
86.1 90.5 88.2 91.9 89.0 96.3 96.4 8.37ns
9.63ns
Means for different levels of each factor followed by the same letter(s) in a column are not significantly different at 5% level of probability using LSD (Cassava variety) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Fertilizer level)
ns = Not significant
* = Significant at 5% level
40
Table 4.12. Effect of fertilizer application on leaf area index of cassava varieties at Ajibode in 2007
Months after planting
Treatments 3 4 5 6
Cassava variety (V)
TMS 30572 TMS 92/0326 SE
Fertilizer (F)
No fertilizer (control) NPK at 600 kg/ha OF at 1.5 t/ha OF at 2.5 t/ha OF at 3.5 t/ha OF at 4.5 t/ha OF at 6.0 t/ha SE
SE (Interaction) F x V
0.72b 0.90a 0.041*
0.62 0.97 0.86 0.80 0.87 0.87 0.71 0.174ns
0.628ns
1.11b 1.47a 0.070*
0.94b 1.61a 1.21ab 1.34ab 1.35ab 1.29ab 1.28ab 0.200*
0.924ns
1.80b 2.24a 0.081*
1.55b 2.15ab 1.92ab 2.12ab 2.10ab 2.18a 2.12ab 0.210*
1.149ns
2.21b 2.86a 0.080*
1.96b 2.68a 2.49ab 2.74a 2.63ab 2.62ab 2.61ab 0.240*
1.683ns
Means for different levels of each factor followed by the same letter(s) in a column are not significantly different at 5% level of probability using LSD (Cassava variety) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Fertilizer level)
ns = Not significant
* = Significant at 5% level
41
Table 4.13. Effect of fertilizer application on leaf area index of cassava varieties at Ajibode in 2008
Months after planting
Treatments 3 4 5 6
Cassava variety (V)
TMS 30572 TMS 92/0326 SE
Fertilizer (F)
No fertilizer (control) NPK at 600 kg/ha OF at 1.5 t/ha OF at 2.5 t/ha OF at 3.5 t/ha OF at 4.5 t/ha OF at 6.0 t/ha SE
SE (Interaction) F x V
0.72b 0.93a 0.020*
0.61c 0.76bc 0.77abc 0.78abc 1.01a 0.88ab 0.96ab 0.080*
0.192ns
1.27 1.46 0.064ns
1.23 1.40 1.23 1.46 1.66 1.46 1.46 0.161ns
0.446ns
2.07 2.18 0.071ns
1.78 2.18 2.00 2.15 2.43 2.29 2.15 0.215ns
0.743ns
1.86 1.99 0.088ns
1.17b 1.8ab 1.57ab 2.14a 2.46a 2.34a 1.99a 0.260*
0.932ns
Means for different levels of each factor followed by the same letter(s) in a column are not significantly different at 5% level of probability using LSD (Cassava variety) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Fertilizer level)
ns = Not significant
* = Significant at 5% level
42
Table 4.14. Effect of fertilizer application on leaf area index of cassava varieties at Oluana in 2007
Treatments 3 4 5 6
Cassava variety (V)
TMS 30572 TMS 92/0326 SE
Fertilizer (F)
No fertilizer (control) NPK at 600 kg/ha OF at 1.5 t/ha OF at 2.5 t/ha OF at 3.5 t/ha OF at 4.5 t/ha OF at 6.0 t/ha SE
SE (Interaction) F x V
0.62 1.23 0.249ns
0.71 1.05 0.73 1.23 1.06 1.28 1.06 0.195ns
0.728ns
1.40b 2.43a 0.310*
1.46 2.14 1.11 2.17 2.33 2.39 2.01 0.391ns
1.278ns
2.25 3.15 0.307ns
1.83 3.17 1.92 2.65 3.26 3.33 2.90 0.753ns
1.313ns
2.72 3.36 0.483ns
2.25 3.22 2.54 3.10 3.98 3.62 3.18 0.774ns
1.432ns
Means for different levels of each factor followed by the same letter(s) in a column are not significantly different at 5% level of probability using LSD (Cassava variety) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Fertilizer level)
ns = Not significant
* = Significant at 5% level
Months after planting
43
Table 4.15. Effect of fertilizer application on leaf area index of cassava varieties at Oluana in 2008
Months after planting
Treatments 3 4 5 6
Cassava variety (V)
TMS 30572 TMS 92/0326 SE
Fertilizer (F)
No fertilizer (control) NPK at 600 kg/ha OF at 1.5 t/ha OF at 2.5 t/ha OF at 3.5 t/ha OF at 4.5 t/ha OF at 6.0 t/ha SE
SE (Interaction) F x V
0.75 0.84 0.076ns
0.69 0.95 0.76 0.83 0.82 0.80 0.98 0.171ns
0.866ns
1.20b1 1.46a 0.070*
1.04 1.57 1.32 1.43 1.56 1.48 1.59 0.247ns
1.124ns
2.27b 2.62a 0.101*
1.93 2.92 2.60 2.89 2.77 2.51 2.83 0.492ns
1.370ns
2.61 3.14 0.362ns
2.37 2.92 3.18 3.26 3.44 2.98 3.06 0.519ns
1.553ns
Means for different levels of each factor followed by the same letter(s) in a column are not significantly different at 5% level of probability using LSD (Cassava variety) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Fertilizer level)
ns = Not significant
* = Significant at 5% level
44
2007 with fertilizer than in 2008 at 4 – 6 MAP. However, at Oluana, TMS 30572 had greater LAI in 2007 with fertilizer than in 2008 at 4 – 6 MAP.
In 2007, compared with no fertilizer treatment, application of NPK significantly increased LAI by 41.6 and 26.8% at 4 and 6 MAP, respectively while OF at 4.5 and 2.5 t/ha also increased the values by 28.9 and 25.2 at 5 MAP and 26.9 and 28.4% at 6 MAP.
In 2008, application of OF at 4.5 and 6.0 t/ha resulted in LAI comparable to the maximum with OF at 3.5 t/ha and significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the lowest of no fertilizer treatment at 3 MAP. At the stage of growth, application of OF at 3.5 t/ha also resulted in higher LAI than that of NPK by 24.7%. Similarly, at 6 MAP, OF application at 2.5 to 6.0 t/ha resulted in higher cassava LAI by 41.2 to 45.3% compared with no fertilizer treatment. Interaction of cassava varieties and fertilizer was not significant on LAI of cassava in all cases (Tables 4.12 to 4.15).
4.2.4 Effects of fertilizer application on yield and yield components of cassava