Planar Graphs

6.91 -2.52 -0.34 -3.30 -1.85

0.78 -1.94 -2.37

4.18 0.46

15.41

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4.3 Extent of Age Heaping

4.3.1 Age Heaping at last Birthday

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Whipple's Index (WI) was calculated to measure the level of heaping at ages ending with 'O' ^and '5' and this helps to indicate the quality of age data of the three surveys. Tables

4.8 _{show the} W1 at ages ending with 'O' and ages endi11g with 'S'for the tlu·ee su1-vey

periods by sex. The WI for ages ending with 'O' for the three surveys were 195(2005),

185(2007) _a11d 224(2012). This shows that the q11ality of the age data was considered to be very rough but the W1 fo1· ages ending with '' 5' calculated shows tl1at the quality of the

age data of the surveys w�re fairly accu1·ate except in 2012 whe1·e the WI of 111 was

J

app1·oxi ¹ 11atel y acct1 ¹ ·ate. The WI for the sex shows tl1at tbe1·e were n11 ¹ ch 111ore J1eaping on age ending with O ru110 ¹ 1g the male and WI for female also followed tl1e same pattern of age heapi11g at digit O except in 2007 whe1·e the WI of 173 for female at age ending \vith

0 showed a little i ¹ np ¹ ·ovement on theiI· qt1ality of age data. WI _{at age e} 1 1ding with �5'

indicate that the quality of data endi11g with '5' for 1nale were l1igl1ly accurate except i11 2012 where the quality was fau·ly accurate whe ¹ ·eas tl1e W1 for fe1nale were

approxin1ate1y accurate except i11 2007 which was higl1ly accw·ate

Table 4.8 \tVhiJJtJle's indices for Tern1inal digits '0' and '5'

YEAR OF NARHS SURVEY

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2005 2007 2012

W11ipple's lt1dex Wl1ip1)le's lt1dex \.Vhipple'"' l11dex

5 0 ^,.. 0

-0 ^:,

Male 208 94 ^{196 96 249} 107

Fen1ale 176 116 173 104 198 ¹¹⁵

Total 195 104 185 100 ^{224 1 11}

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The Whipple's index fo1· the urban and rural area at ages ending with 'O' and '5' were shown in Table 4.9 and Table 4.10 below respectively. The WI for the urban area shows

a little improve1ne11t 011 the quality of age data as the valties of WI improved • ⁱ¹¹ 2005 ru1d

2007 sm-vey but ⁱⁿ 2012, the WI of 184 at ages ending with 'O'shows that the quality of age data was very rough. 2005 a11d 2007 stirveys shows s0111e level of improvement on

the quality of data compru:es to 2012 su1-vey. The WI fo1· u1·ban and r111·al showed tl1at the quality of age data fo1· botl1 male and female in 2005 and 2007 survey followed the same patte111 as all the WI fo1· tl1e two st11·veys falls u11de1· the same category. The 2012 sur-vey did not sl1ow any sigi1 of i1np1·ove1nent 011 the quality of age data. The 2012 survey is considered to l1ave high heaping of ages i11 the t1rban a1·ea a111ong male while WI of 163

·for fe1nale at ages O shows a little in1prove111ent on the quality of age data. However.

Tables 4.10 shows that the quality of age data for the three su1-veys were very rough for botl1 sexes t1nlike in the urba11 areas vvbere 2005 a11d 2007 survey hows 01ne little

i1nprove1nent on the quality of age data.

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Table 4.9 Whipple's indices for Terntinal digits 'O' and '5' in the Urban Area

YEAR OF NARHS SURVEY

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2005 2007 2012

1 1 Whipple's h1dex Whipple's Index Whipple ,s Index

0 ₅ 0 ^{5 0 5}

Male 158 77 150 78 206 ⁹³

Fe1nale 137 97 ¹²⁹ 95 163 ¹⁰⁷

Total 149 86 ¹⁶³ 85 184 100

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Table 4.10 Whipple's indices fo1· Terminal digits '0' and 'S' in the Rural Area YEAR OF NARHS SURVEY

2005 2007 2012

Whipple's Index Wl1ipple' s Index Whipple' _Index

0 ⁵ 0 5 _{0 5}

Male 235 104 221 106 268 115

Fe1nale 202 ^• 126 197 109 215 119

Total 220 114 210 ¹⁰⁸ 242 117

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Table 4.1 la and 4.1 lb show,s the WI at ages ending with 'O' and '5' respectively for all

the regions by sex. In 2005 survey. the WI shows that, qualities of age data in three regions were very poor and the regions includes North Central, North East and North

West with WI of 195, 233 ^and 242 respectively at age ending with 'O'and WI ^of 92 ⁱⁿ

No1·th Ce11t1·al sl1ows that the quality of age data is highly acct11·ate. WI of 114 in North

East sl1ows that, the data is approxi1nately accurate a,nd WI ^of 138 in North West shows that tl1e1·e were l1igh l ¹ eaping at ages ending with 5'. South East, South West and South

South show some little i111prove1nent 011 their quality of age data with respective WI of 171, 168 ru1d 147 at age e11ding with digit 'O' in 2005. 2005 su1·vey also shows that, the quality of 1nale data were very poor i11 all the regions except in South South where the quality of age data in1p1·oved with ^WI of 150 at age e11ding with 'O'. Fot1r regions also

shows that quality of fe1nale age data were poo1· and these regio11 incltides No1·th Central (169), South east (171), South West (168) and South Sot1tl1 ^(143).at ages ending with ^'O'.

It shows that, quality of female data across the regio11s is a little fai1· co111pared to tl1e

quality of 1nale age data in 2005 survey. The quality of age data in 2007 survey i aln10 ^t

the same with quality of age data ⁱ¹¹ 2005 st11�ey except that in 2007 urve)', female

quality of age data is approxi111ate accurate for South East with WI of 106 at age ending

with 'O'.

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Table Ila Whipple's indices of geog1·aphicaJ region for digit '0'

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2005 2007 2012

In document Applied Combinatorics (Page 112-120)