CHAPTER 3 THE NEED FOR A NEW DIAGNOSTIC TOOL TO MAXIMIZE
3.7. What Is UX Capacity and What Does It Mean to Have It?
3.7.5. Product Development Process
Finally, the fourth variable considered in the User Data Spectrum tool is the product development process that the organization and the product team follows and how much user experience is incorporated into that process. There has been substantial research on the UX process and implantation of UX methods in product development processes (Bevan, 2009; Earthy, 1999). Creative process, method selection, access to user data, and user data collection, interpretation, and implementation are just a few critical UX activities that could be infused into the product development process within the company. Which activities and how the activities are carried out are often paramount to the success of UX adoption within a company.
In summary, the User Data Spectrum tool empowers organizations to identify where on the spectrum they fall by assessing the organization’s orientation followed by four major
variables: (a) the skill set of the user data source or the person/group making decisions on behalf of the user(s); (b) the representativeness of the user data source; (c) the strength of the product vision within the organization; and (d) the process by which the organization develops products. The next chapter will describe the design of the User Data Spectrum Survey aimed at capturing the variables articulated in this chapter.
REFERENCES
Baldwin, H., (2013). Tech Hotspots: The Rise of the UX Expert. Retrieved from
http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/451213/tech_hotshots_rise_ux_expert/ Baxter, K., Courage, C., & Caine, K. (2015). Understanding your users: A practical guide to
Baz, J. (2013, January 10). SaaS without UX? Unconscionable! [Blog post]. Retrieved
September 20, 2016, from http://blog.abovethefolddesign.com/2013/01/10/saas-without- ux-unconscionable/
Best inventions of 2006. (n.d.) Time. Retrieved December 8, 2016, from
http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1939342_1939424_19397 09,00.html
Bevan, N. (2005). Creating a UX profession. In CHI 2005: Extended abstracts on human factors
in computing systems (pp. 1078–1079). http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1056808.1056820 Bevan, N. (2009, August). Criteria for selecting methods in user-centred design. Paper presented
at the 2nd International Workshop on the Interplay Between Usability Evaluation and Software Development, Uppsala, Sweden.
Campbell, M. (2015, July 2). Apple’s iPhone gains 2% market share in US as competitors falter.
AppleInsider. Retrieved September 20, 2016, from
http://appleinsider.com/articles/15/07/02/apples-iphone-gains-2-marketshare-in-us-as- competitors-falter
Cagan, M. (2008). Inspired: How to Create Products Customers Love. California, CA: SVPG
Press.
Capacity. (n.d.) In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary. Retrieved September 20, 2016, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/capacity
Carroll, J. M. (2010). Conceptualizing a possible discipline of human-computer interaction.
Interacting with Computers, 22(1), 3–12. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2009.11.008 Chien, W.-C., Diefenbach, S., & Hassenzahl, M. (2013). The Whisper Pillow: A study of
technology-mediated emotional expression in close relationships. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Designing Pleasurable Products and Interfaces, 51–59. doi:10.1145/2513506.2513512
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
CuteCircuit. (n.d.). The Hug Shirt. Retrieved September 30, 2016, from https://cutecircuit.com/the-hug-shirt/
Diefenbach, S., Hassenzahl, M., Eckoldt, K., & Laschke, M. (2010). The impact of concept (re)presentation on users’ evaluation and perception. Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries, 631–634. doi:10.1145/1868914.1868991
Diller, S., Shedroff, N., & Rhea, D. (2005). Making meaning: How successful businesses deliver meaningful customer experiences. Berkeley, CA: New Riders.
Earthy, J. V. (1996). Development of the usability maturity model (Deliverable D5.1.1t). Retrieved September 19, 2016, from
http://www.processforusability.co.uk/Documents/IN511T1.pdf
Earthy, J. (1999). Usability maturity model: Processes (Version 2.2). Retrieved September 19, 2016, from http://www.idemployee.id.tue.nl/g.w.m.rauterberg/lecturenotes/Usability- Maturity-Model[2].PDF
Earthy, J., Jones, B. S., & Bevan, N. (2001). The improvement of human-centred processes: Facing the challenge and reaping the benefit of ISO 13407. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 55, 553–585. http://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.2001.0493
Ferre, X., & Bevan, N. (2010). UCD method selection with usability planner. Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human–Computer Interaction, 829–830.
http://doi.org/10.1145/1868914.1869041
Gibson, J. J. (1977). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Psychology Press.
Hapgood, T. (2011).What Steve Jobs Has Given to Designers. Retrieved December 8, 2016,
from http://www.aiga.org/what-steve-jobs-has-given-to-
designers/?__hstc=221333511.76a44c6513e6ae5502d0d706b9d0a8aa.1471564800063.14 71564800065.1471564800066.2&__hssc=221333511.1.1471564800066&__hsfp=17736 66937
Hassenzahl, M. (2010). Experience design: Technology for all the right reasons. Synthesis Lectures on Human-Centered Informatics, 3(1), 1–95.
http://doi.org/10.2200/S00261ED1V01Y201003HCI008
Hassenzahl, M. (2013). Experiences before things: A primer for the (yet) unconvinced. CHI ’13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2059–2068.
doi:10.1145/2468356.2468724
Hassenzahl, M. (2014). User experience and experience design. In M. Soegaard & R. Friis (Eds.), Encyclopedia of human-computer interaction (2nd ed.). Retrieved September 19, 2016, from https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/book/the-encyclopedia-of- human-computer-interaction-2nd-ed/user-experience-and-experience-design
Hassenzahl, M., & Wessler, R. (2011). Capturing design space from a user perspective: The
repertory grid technique revisited. International Journal of Human–Computer
Interaction, 12, 441–459. http://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2000.9669070
International Organization for Standardization. (1999). ISO 13407:1999: Human-centred design
processes for interactive systems. Retrieved December 8, 2016, from http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=21197
International Organization for Standardization. (2015). ISO 9001:2015: Quality management
systems: Requirements. Retrieved December 8, 2016, from
Jay, M. (2005). Songs of Experience: Modern American and European Variations on a Universal Theme. University of California Press, Ltd. London, England. Jokela, T. (2010). Jokela: Usability maturity models-methods for developing the user-
centeredness of companies. User Experience. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2982.2009.01448.x/full
Kaptelinin, V., & Nardi, B. A. (2006). Acting with technology: Activity theory and interaction design. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Kilmann, R. H., Saxton, M. J. & Serpa, R. (1985). Introduction: Five key issues in understanding and changing culture. In R. H. Kilmann, M. J. Saxton, R. Serpa & Associates (Eds.), Gaining control of the corporate culture (pp. 1-16). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Laugesen, J., & Yuan, Y. (2010). What factors contributed to the success of Apple’s iPhone?
Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Mobile Business and Mobility Roundtable (ICMB-GMR), 91–99.http://doi.org/10.1109/ICMB-GMR.2010.63 Needle, D. (2010). Business in context: An introduction to business and its environment.
Florence, KY: South Western Educational.
Nielsen, J. (1993). Usability engineering. San Francisco, CA: Kaufmann.
Norman, D. A., & Draper, S. W. (1986). User centered system design:New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction, L. Erlbaum Associates Inc., Hillsdale, NJ.
Norman, D. A. (1988). The psychology of everyday things. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Norman, D. A. (2002). The design of everyday things. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Norman, D. A. (2003). Emotional design: People and things. Retrieved September 19, 2016, from http://jnd.org/dn.mss/emotional_design_people_and_things.html
Norman, D. A. (2004). Emotional design: Why we love (or hate) everyday things. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Pine, B. J., II, & Gilmore, J. H. (1998, July–August). Welcome to the experience economy.
Harvard Business Review. Retrieved September 20, 2016, from https://hbr.org/1998/07/welcome-to-the-experience-economy
Salah, D., & Paige, R. (2012). A framework for the integration of agile software development processes and user centered design. Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering, 1132–1133. doi:10.1145/1985793.1986017
Sheldon, K. M., Elliot, A. J., Kim, Y., & Kasser, T. (2001). What is satisfying about satisfying events? Testing 10 candidate psychological needs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 325–339. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.2.325
Suchman, L. (1988). Designing with the user: Book review of Computers and democracy: a Scandinavian challenge, G. Bjerknes, P. Ehn, and M. Kyng, Eds. Gower Press,
Brookfield, VT, 1987. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 6, 173–183.
http://doi.org/10.1145/45941.383895
Tu, N., Zhang, T., He, Q., Zhang, H., & Li, Y. (2011). User-centered design in new product
development: A case study in developing new sports earphone (pp. 1–7). Proceedings of
the 2011 International Conference on Computer and Management.
http://doi.org/10.1109/CAMAN.2011.5778895
User Experience Professionals’ Association. (n.d.). Methods. Retrieved May 10, 2015, from http://www.usabilitybok.org/methods
User Experience Professionals’ Association. (n.d.). Glossary. Retrieved May 10, 2015, from http://www.usabilitybok.org/glossary
Venturi, G., & Troost, J. (2004). Survey on the UCD integration in the industry. Proceedings of the Third Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 449–452.
doi:10.1145/1028014.1028092
Venturi, G., Troost, J., & Jokela, T. (2006). People, organizations, and processes: An inquiry into the adoption of user-centered design in industry. International Journal of Human-