CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.3.4 Program Comprehension as a Temporal Activity
1. Serum calcium and phosphorus should be checked every 6-12 months for all the patients with CKD stage 3, every 3-6 months for the patients with CKD stage 4 and every 1-3 months for those with CKD stage 5 but serum alkaline phosphatase and serum PTH should be checked every 6-12 months for patients with CKD stage 4 and 3-6 monthly for those with CKD stage 5.
2. Confirmed cases of CKD-MBD should have adequate treatment by way of early use of phosphate binders and vitamin D supplements to prevent vascular and bone complications.
3. Government and hospitals in developing countries should provide facilities for parathyroid hormone assays, vitamin D assays, bone absorptiometry and bone biopsy to enable proper diagnosis of CKD-MBD in our populations.
4. Finally the prevention of chronic kidney disease/end stage renal disease in the population through public health education measures and early intervention will go a long way to reduce the incidence of CKD-MBD.
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APPENDIX 1
INFORMED CONSENT
MINERAL AND BONE DISEASE IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURT TEACHING HOSPITAL
Name and affliction of researcher
This study is being conducted by Dr Ndu Victor Onyebuchi of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.
Sponsor of research
This study is sponsored by Dr Ndu Victor Onyebuchi Purpose of research
The purpose of the research is to determine the prevalence and characteristics of mineral and bone disease in chronic kidney disease patients in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.
Procedure of the research
I will recruit chronic kidney disease patients presenting to Renal Clinic and Medical ward of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Each patient will be clinically evaluated and Information gotten will be filled in a questionnaire.
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Expected duration of research and participant(s)’ involvement
This research is expected to last for about 12 months and subjects may be interviewed and examined more than once, and urine and blood tests shall be performed by me either as an out- patient or in- patient.
Risk(s)
This study will not cause any physical harm to you except for minor pain during blood sample collection.
Cost implication to the participants Your participation in this research will not cost you anything extra.
Benefits
The goal of this research is to determine the prevalence and characteristics of mineral and bone disease in adult patients with chronic kidney disease in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. This will enable us offer specific treatment to patients with this disorder.
Confidentiality
All information in this study will be treated as confidential, your names or any other identifier will not be used in any publication or report from this study.
Voluntariness
Your participation in this research is entirely voluntary.
Alternatives to participation