Programme Development Objectives

3.2.1 Overall Programme Development Objective

The objective of the WSDP is to alleviate poverty through improvements in the governance of water resources management and the sustainable delivery of water supply and sanitation services.

3.2.2 Water Resources Management Objectives

The overall objectives for WRM in the WSDP23 are to:

• develop a sound water resources management and development framework in all nine water basins, for optimising the utilisation of the water resources in a sustainable manner for the various competing uses;

• promote good governance of water resources through empowering water users, encouraging participatory and transparent decision-making, devolving ownership to the user level, and granting secure water rights with responsibilities to the water users, community groups, local government and basin boards; and

• strengthen the capacity of lake basin offices to address trans-boundary and lake basin issues.

Specific objectives of the WRM strategy include:

• strengthen BWOs with staffing, training, offices and equipment;

• realign policy, legal and administrative reforms in water-related sectors with those in the water resources area;

• registering and licensing of water use activities and polluting enterprises in accordance with NAWAPO; and strengthening of enforcement capabilities so that water use permit conditions are enforced, resulting in water being shared equitably and with minimum loss, and pollution permit conditions monitored so that water quality is not compromised;

• develop and implement a comprehensive water quality monitoring and pollution control programme, permanent water quality standards, and protection of important water sources;

• promote and strengthen education curricula in national institutions with regard to water management challenges;

• assessment of the water resources and preparation of IWRM plans, mitigation against floods and droughts; and implement priority water resources infrastructure investments.

3.2.3 National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Objectives

The general objective of the WSDP with regard to rural water supply and sanitation is improved quality and quantity of drinking water and sanitation services for rural Tanzanians sustained through improved district-level capacity, effective local water committees, private sector participation and good health/hygiene/sanitation practices.

The NRWSSP includes both rural and all small town populations. By 2015, it will raise coverage of these populations from 53% and 49% of 2003 to 79 and 82% respectively. In

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doing so, it will meet the MDGs for the rural areas. Likewise it will raise coverage levels to 90% by 2025 in accordance with Vision 2025 goals. In all, it will provide services to an additional 34.5 million people by 2025.

The NRWSSP objective is to provide water supply and sanitation services that are sustainable and equitable. As such, a significant proportion of the planned investment is allocated to planning support, stakeholder consultation, the establishment of DWSTs, support to the private sector, general capacity building, and other key areas.

The NRWSS programme objectives addresses the following:

a) Institutional Framework: Establish an institutional framework for rural water supply and sanitation services, which will enable effective and efficient provision of these services, and which will clearly identify the roles and responsibilities of the relevant organisations and stakeholders at the national, local, and water user group levels. The framework will provide for effective and independent monitoring and regulation of the activities of organisations directly responsible for service provision. With the role of government, through MoW, changing to that of co-ordination, policy formulation, guideline formulation, and regulation, current responsibilities for the provision of RWS services will in due course need to be transferred to successor organisations. b) Demand for Water Supply Facilities: Provide water supply facilities that are

sustainable, increase coverage and meet the demands of an increasing population, based on prioritised development plans that take into account the individual and economic requirements of consumers.

c) Demand for Sanitation Services: Develop sustainable and cost effective sanitation facilities to increase coverage and meet the demands of an increasing population, through the promotion of the benefits of the use of safe methods of excreta disposal, and of the use of appropriate alternative technologies.

d) Service Levels: Ensure that RWSS facilities are cost effective and efficient, meet minimum specified levels of service commensurate with protection of public health, and take into account the ability to pay for the facilities, and equity considerations. e) Water and Sanitation for Poverty Alleviation: Improve RWSS services to help

alleviate poverty, as a result of mobilised resources directed at priority areas, and mobilised human and material resources within the user-community itself.

f) Services to Low-Income Groups: Improve WSS services for low-income groups, particularly in small towns, by identifying those groups and ensuring that service providers include them in all future projects and sub-projects, and by ensuring that necessary subsidies are either built into the tariff system or met by the Government. g) Community Ownership and Management: Transfer the ownership and management

of rural water supply facilities to the user-communities, by raising community awareness of their related responsibilities, preparing guidelines for establishing community-owned organisations, establishing procedures and legislation for transferring ownership to the user-communities, establishing technical and managerial support mechanisms, determining and prioritising the capital investment requirements for rehabilitating or providing facilities, locating sources of funding, and

implementing a phased programme of transfer of facilities to user-community ownership.

h) Integration of Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion: Contribute to the improvement and protection of the health and living conditions of people in rural and urban areas by promoting community behaviour change and improved sanitation facilities, and by developing and encouraging the use of household water treatment and storage options.

i) Appropriate Technology: Provide WSS facilities that are based on technologies that are best suited to the technical, social and economic circumstances of each facility. Alternative technologies will be identified during the planning process, and evaluated in terms of service levels, cost to consumers, and overall sustainability. The user- community will participate in the planning and selection process.

j) Rehabilitation: Rehabilitate existing facilities back to their original design capacities, where feasible, and support the rehabilitation with adequate provision for future operations and maintenance by service providers so as to reduce future degradation of infrastructure.

k) Investment Requirements: Target investment in RWSS services so as to provide certain minimum levels of service at maximum rates of coverage.

l) Private Sector Participation: Improve service delivery levels and cost-effectiveness through support to private sector participation in the provision of RWSS services in situations where it is beneficial to do so.

m) Legislation: Develop and put in place a strong and effective legal and regulatory framework for the sustainable provision of RWSS services and ownership of facilities and infrastructure, including user-communities becoming the owners of their water supply facilities.

n) Planning Mechanisms: Develop and put in place a holistic and integrated planning structure for water supply and water related sanitation services that uses a bottom-up SWAp. The preparation of plans for districts based on ward and village or user- community needs will be necessary.

o) Financing Mechanisms: Establish and implement a sub-sector capital investment SWAp that is accepted by both the Government and ESAs.

p) Recurrent Costs: Develop and put in place effective and transparent mechanisms for covering recurrent costs, based on defined performance standards which take levels of service and ability to pay into account, supported by targeted subsidies in case of need.

q) Tariff Structures: Establish tariff levels and structures which are transparent, achieve cost coverage targets, encourage cost effective provision of services, and protect poor and disadvantaged groups.

r) Performance Monitoring: Put into operation an effective performance monitoring system for all providers of WSS services. The computerised system will involve all key stakeholders in the monitoring and evaluation process.

s) Regulation: Put in place effective regulatory mechanisms to protect the interests of water consumers and the users of sanitation facilities, and to ensure value-for-money for the provision of services. The regulatory mechanisms will require development of the MoW capacity to regulate COWSOs, and the introduction of measures to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements.

t) Capacity Development and Training: Ensure that human resources within the sub- sector possess the appropriate knowledge and skills to enable them to carry out their tasks, and are adequately motivated through remuneration, incentive structures, and opportunities for advancement.

u) Stakeholder Participation: Improve service delivery and sustainability of facilities through the effective involvement of stakeholders, and of primary stakeholders in particular, and through accountability to them. Appropriate mechanisms will be developed for that purpose, and primary stakeholders will be made aware of their new participatory roles and responsibilities.

v) Gender Equity: Ensure the active and effective participation of both women and men in the provision of RWSS services. The active participation of women in RWSS affairs will be promoted. This cross-cutting objective is also applicable to UWSS and WRM.

w) HIV/AIDS: Promote prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS, which is also a cross- cutting objective applicable to UWSS and WRM

3.2.4 Urban Water and Sanitation Objectives

The general objective of the WSDP with regard to urban water and sanitation is improved and sustained quality and quantity of drinking water and sewerage service for urban Tanzanians managed by improved, financially autonomous and commercially viable UWSAs/WSSAs providing efficient and cost-effective services.

The specific targets of the UWSSP include raising water supply service coverage from 74% (2005) to 90% in 2010 and 95% by 2015 to meet the MDGs and 100% for Vision 2025. The target for sewerage coverage is to increase 17% (2003) to 30% by 2010.

The strategy24 for achieving these goals in the urban sector is to develop the existing UWSAs into bodies that are financially autonomous and commercially viable. In essence, the focus of the strategy is the commercialisation of the urban water authorities so that they are capable of efficient and cost-effective provision of services. Commercialisation is seen as the next step forward in preparing the UWSA/WSSAs for future corporatisation and their conversion to public company status.

The broad objectives to be attained not later than 2020 are to:

• provide a water service connection to any person or organisation that requests one;

• provide continuous potable water quality 24 hours per day to at least 95% of customers;

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MoW (2006) “National Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Strategic Programme – Strategy Report, Vol. 1”, Dar es Salaam.

• have UWSA/WSSAs be responsible for operating and maintaining their works including replacement of worn out equipment, using revenues from the sale of water and sewerage services;

• have UWSA/WSSAs finance a significant part of their new investments in water supply systems from loans; and

• have sewerage systems as part of an overall sanitation strategy for each town. Specific objectives include:

• setting appropriate tariffs;

• effectively managing consumer demand;

• establishing good customer relations;

• controlling unaccounted-for-water (UfW);

• operating and maintaining the systems efficiently while minimising operating costs;

• making provision for poor consumers, establishing standards for industrial wastewater discharges to sewers; and

• where a sewerage system is provided, wastewater collected should be treated and disposed of in accordance with Tanzanian standards.

3.2.5 Objectives of the Executive Agencies

The general objective of WSDP for the Executive Agencies is to strengthen their ability to support implementation of the programme as well as to achieve financial autonomy and commercial viability. The improved financial and commercial performance will attract financial resources for their development from non-government sources and relieve the Government from financing their operations.

Drilling and Dam Construction Agency

The strategy for achieving goals for the DDCA is to strengthen the existing capacity by provision of new drilling and earth moving equipment. The agency will also strive to deliver its services at affordable prices to complement the private sector contribution in the water and sanitation sector.

Water Resources Institute

The strategy for achieving goals for the WRI is to strengthen the Institute curricula to meet the sector personnel requirement and rehabilitation of existing and construction of new buildings, competitive recruitment, training of staff, provision of transport, laboratory equipment, geophysical equipment and workshop equipment.

Maji Central Stores

The strategy for achieving its goals is to increase consumer awareness of its services, offer goods at competitive prices and train its employees on marketing and related services to compliment services offered by the private sector.