Rationale for Selection and List of Factors Affecting Implementation of Excellence Model Criteria at the Senior Management Level

The literature review has focused on four major sources including (i) gurus and scholars experiences and theories about the subject; (ii) TQM philosophy based excellence models (such as EFQM, MBNQA, Deming); (iii) related empirical studies, and (iv) TQM and excellence models’ related articles in particular for manufacturing and service sectors. Most of the literature related to TQM and excellence models originated from Western countries, while less has been available in Arab countries and none has been observed from Dubai’s context regarding factors affecting implementation of excellence requirements at senior management level.

The detailed literature review has identified various critical factors for implementation of TQM and excellence programs. Keeping in view the aim and objectives of this study, the researcher has selected 14 factors for this study based on the criteria of the most frequently highlighted in the literature focusing on the senior management level.

The following table 2.2 illustrates the factors extracted from the literature review for this study:

75 Sr. No. Identified Factors Affecting Implementation of Excellence Model at Senior Management Level Researcher Reference

1 Building-in Quality Arasli, 2002; Conti, 2009 and 2010; Davies, 2008; Evan and Lindsay, 2005; Hanson, 2003; Marco Nova, 2000; Mosadeg Rad, 2005; Osseo-Asare and Longbottom, 2002; Thiagarajan, 2000; Wali, Deshmukh and Gupta, 2003; Zairi, 2006.

2 Strategy and Priorities Bauer, Falshaw and Oakland, 2005; Beer, 2003; Claver, 2003; Evan and Lindsay, 2005; Greasley, 2008; Omanchonu and Ross, 2004; Sakthivel, 2007; Siddiqui and Rehman, 2006; Thiagaran and Zairi, 2001; Weeks, 1995.

3 Excellence Framework Integration

Beer, 2003; Chin, 2002; Davies, 2008; Evan and Lindsay, 2005; Humbrstad, 2008; Lau and Anderson, 1997; Mary and Harrington, 2002; Mehra, 2001; Moosa, 2010; Willis and Taylor, 1999.

4 Business Issues Angell, 2009; Demirbag, 2006; Kwai Sang, 2002; Mani, 2003; Mann, 2010; Mellahi and Eyuboglu, 2001; Mosadegh Rad, 2005; Mosadegh Rad, 2006; Sarvan and Anafarta, 2005.

5 Management and Change

Angell, 2009; Bhat and Rajashekhar, 2009; Dahlgaard and Kanji, 1995; Huq (2005; Marco Nova, 2000; Mosadegh, 2005; Smith, 2005; Thiagaran and Zairi, 2001; Weeks, 1995.

6 Overlapping of Responsibilities

Baidoun, 2003; Bauer, Falshaw and Oakland, 2005; Claver, 2003; Kumar and Sankaran, 2007; Mani, 2003; Mosadegh Rad, 2006; Mellahi and Eyuboglu, 2001; Samat, 2006; Soltani, 2008a.

7 Coordination Abdullah, 2008; Baidoun, 2003; Beer, 2003; Deming, 1986; Demirbag, 2006; Kumar and Sankaran, 2007; Moosa, 2010; Mosadegh Rad, 2006; Mosadegh Rad, 2005; Nawaz, 2004; Wosik, 2009; Zairi, 2006.

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Participation Besterfield, 2011; Dahlgaard and Kanji, 1995; Dale et al. (2001); Davies et al., 2001; Davies, 2008; Deming, 1986; Evan and Lindsay, 2005; Gallear and Ghobadian, 2004; Hanson, 2003; Hussain, 1998; Juran, 2010; Lai and Gharneh, 2005; Mann, 2010; Mary and Harrington, 2002; Moosa, 2007; Moosa, 2010; Mosadegh Rad, 2005; Porter, 1998; Sakthivel, 2007; Soltani et al., 2008a; Sila and Ebrahimpouri, 2003; Soltani, Taylor and Wright, 2003; Somerville, 2006; Thiagaran and Zairi, 2001; Wali, Deshmukh and Gupta, 2003. 9 Perceived Benefits of

Excellence

Beer, 2003; Besterfield, 2005 and 2011; Hendricks and Singhal, 2001; Hussain, 1998; Mann, 2010; Moosa, 2010; Mosadegh, 2005; Robin Mann, 2010; Sirvanci, 2004 and Somerville, 2006; Taylor and Wright, 2003; Weeks, 1995; Yui, 1995.

10 Training Antony et al., 2002; Arasli, 2002; Curry and Kadasah, 2002; Dahlgaard and Kanji, 1995; Davies, 2008; Demirbag, 2006; Evan and Lindsay, 2005; Idrus, 1999; Kanji and Tambi, 1999; Kekale and Kekale, 1995; Mellahi and Eyuboglu, 2001; Moosa, 2010; Mosadegh Rad, 2006; Ooi, 2007; Sarvan and Anafarta, 2005; Temponi, 2006.

11 Leadership Style Beer, 2003; Claver, 2003; Davies, 2007; Deming, 1986; Kumar and Sankaran, 2007; Omanchonu and Ross, 2004; Ooi, 2007; Sarvan and Anafarta, 2005; Thiagarajan, 2001.

12 Management Effectiveness

Ahmad and Yusof, 2010; Arumugam, 2009; Beer, 2003; Evan and Lindsay, 2005; Moosa, 2010; Smith, 1999; Soltani et al., 2003.

13 Over-enthusiasm Angell, 2009; Arasli, 2002; Demirbag, 2006; Greasley, 2008; Krishnaveni and Anitha, 2006; Moosa, 2010; Mosadegh Rad, 2005; Ngware, 2006; Tsang and Antony, 2001.

14 Focus and Quick Fixes Dahlgaard and Kanji, 1995; Mellahi and Eyuboglu, 2001; Moosa, 2010; Sakthival and Rajendran, 2005; Thawani, 2010.

77 Sr.

No.

Two New Factors Emerged from Case Study Research

Researcher Reference

1 Managing Diversity Garry, 2005; Ginger, 1998; Kelli, 2005; Michelle, 2014; Olatunji, 2002; PMBOK, PMI, 2015; Thomas, 1993.

2 System Thinking for Excellence

Besterfield, 2011; Conti, 2010; DQA, 2010/2013; Evan and Lindsay, 2005; Harry, 2012; Shanker and Tim, 2010

Table - 2.3: New Factors Emerged from the Case Study Research

Various researchers have mentioned the identified factors either at organisational level or individual level based on their impact and importance within organisations. Where impact of the factor observed at overall level, it is considered at organisational level and thus importance is considered based on impact and researchers research. In case implementation of factor is directly related to the individual role and impact is not initially affect at overall organisational level, it is considered at individual level as highlighted by researchers.

The following table 2.4 illustrates the factors grouping at Organisational level and their importance ranking:

Factors Grouping Affecting at Organisational Level and Importance Ranking

SN Factor Grouping Level Importance Ranking Researcher Reference 1 Building -in- Quality

Organisational 1 Arasli, 2002; Conti, 2009 and 2010; Davies, 2008; Evan and Lindsay, 2005; Hanson, 2003; Marco Nova, 2000; Mosadeg Rad, 2005; Osseo-Asare and Longbottom, 2002;

Thiagarajan, 2000; Wali, Deshmukh and Gupta, 2003; Zairi, 2006.

2 Strategy and Priorities

Organisational 2 Bauer, Falshaw and Oakland, 2005; Beer, 2003; Claver,

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2003; Evan and Lindsay, 2005; Greasley, 2008; Omanchonu and Ross, 2004; Sakthivel, 2007; Siddiqui and Rehman, 2006; Thiagaran and Zairi, 2001; Weeks, 1995. 3 Excellence

Framework Integration

Organisational 3 Beer, 2003; Chin, 2002; Davies, 2008; Evan and Lindsay, 2005; Humbrstad, 2008; Lau and Anderson, 1997; Mary and Harrington, 2002; Mehra, 2001; Moosa, 2010; Willis and Taylor, 1999. 4 Business Issues Organisational 4 Angell, 2009; Demirbag, 2006;

Kwai Sang, 2002; Mani, 2003; Mann, 2010; Mellahi and Eyuboglu, 2001; Mosadegh Rad, 2005; Mosadegh Rad, 2006; Sarvan and Anafarta, 2005.

5 Management and Change

Organisational 5 Angell, 2009; Bhat and Rajashekhar, 2009;

Dahlgaard and Kanji, 1995; Huq (2005; Marco Nova, 2000; Mosadegh, 2005; Smith, 2005; Thiagaran and Zairi, 2001; Weeks, 1995. 6 Overlapping of

Responsibilities

Organisational 6 Baidoun, 2003; Bauer, Falshaw and Oakland, 2005; Claver, 2003; Kumar and Sankaran, 2007; Mani, 2003; Mosadegh Rad, 2006; Mellahi and Eyuboglu, 2001; Samat, 2006; Soltani, 2008a.

7 Coordination Organisational 7 Abdullah, 2008; Baidoun, 2003; Beer, 2003; Deming, 1986; Demirbag, 2006; Kumar and Sankaran, 2007; Moosa, 2010; Mosadegh Rad, 2006; Mosadegh Rad, 2005; Wosik, 2009.

8 Managing Diversity

Organisational 8 Garry, 2005; Ginger, 1998; Kelli, 2005; Michelle, 2014;

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Olatunji, 2002; PMBOK, PMI, 2015; Thomas, 1993.

Table - 2.4: Factors Grouping, Organisational Level and Importance Ranking

The following table 2.5 illustrates the factors grouping at Individual level and their importance ranking:

Sr. no.

Factors Grouping Affecting At Individual Level and their Importance Ranking Factor Grouping Level Importance Ranking Researcher Reference 1 Commitment and Participation

Individual 1 Arasli, 2002; Baba et al., 2001; Beer, 2003; Besterfield, 2011; Dahlgaard and Kanji, 1995; Dale et al. (2001); Davies et al., 2001; Davies, 2008; Deming, 1986; Evan and Lindsay, 2005; Gallear and Ghobadian, 2004; Hanson, 2003; Hussain, 1998; Juran, 2010; Lai and Gharneh, 2005; Mann, 2010; Mary and Harrington, 2002; Moosa, 2007; Moosa, 2010;

Mosadegh Rad, 2005; Porter, 1998; Sakthivel, 2007; Soltani et al., 2008a; Sila and Ebrahimpouri, 2003; Soltani, Taylor and Wright, 2003; Somerville, 2006; Thiagaran and Zairi, 2001; Wali, Deshmukh and Gupta, 2003.

2 Perceived Benefits of Excellence

Individual 2 Beer, 2003; Besterfield, 2005 and 2011; Hendricks and Singhal, 2001; Hussain, 1998; Mann, 2010;

Moosa, 2010; Mosadegh, 2005; Robin Mann, 2010; Sirvanci, 2004 and Somerville, 2006; Taylor and Wright, 2003; Weeks, 1995; Yui, 1995.

3 Training Individual 3 Antony et al., 2002; Arasli, 2002; Curry and Kadasah, 2002;

Dahlgaard and Kanji, 1995; Davies, 2008; Demirbag, 2006; Evan and Lindsay, 2005; Idrus, 1999; Kanji and Tambi, 1999; Kekale and

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Kekale, 1995; Mellahi and Eyuboglu, 2001; Moosa, 2010; Mosadegh Rad, 2006; Ooi, 2007; Sarvan and Anafarta, 2005; Temponi, 2006.

4 System Thinking for Excellence

Individual 4 Besterfield, 2011; Conti, 2010; DQA, 2010/2013; Evan and Lindsay, 2005; Harry, 2012; Shanker and Tim, 2010.

5 Leadership Style Individual 5 Beer, 2003; Claver, 2003; Davies, 2007; Deming, 1986; Kumar and Sankaran, 2007; Omanchonu and Ross, 2004; Ooi, 2007; Sarvan and Anafarta, 2005; Thiagarajan, 2001. 6 Management

Effectiveness

Individual 6 Ahmad and Yusof, 2010; Arumugam, 2009; Beer, 2003; Evan and Lindsay, 2005; Moosa, 2010; Smith, 1999; Soltani et al., 2003.

7 Over-enthusiasm Individual 7 Angell, 2009; Arasli, 2002; Demirbag, 2006; Greasley, 2008; Krishnaveni and Anitha, 2006; Moosa, 2010; Mosadegh Rad, 2005; Ngware, 2006; Tsang and Antony, 2001.

8 Focus and Quick Fixes

Individual 8 Dahlgaard and Kanji, 1995; Mellahi and Eyuboglu, 2001; Moosa, 2010; Sakthival and Rajendran, 2005; Thawani, 2010. Table - 2.5: Factors Grouping, Individual Level and Importance Ranking

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