CHAPTER 5 THE TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDING AND PERCEPTIONS OF CLT AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION
5.4 T HE IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH IN THE CLASSROOM
5.4.6 Reading aloud
In this study, the proportion of pregnant women with anaemia was inversely related to their age as documented in some studies from other parts of Nigeria. 87 Respondents within the age group 30 – 34 years had the highest prevalence of anaemia (41.7%). This was in agreement with findings in studies carried out Enugu and Benin City. 23, 63 However, age alone could not predict haemoglobin value in pregnancy. The effect of age could be related
to experience and educational status of the patients. This was in consonance with the studies from others countries in Africa. 9, 42
Educational attainment has a strong effect on health behaviour and a key determinant of life style. 41 The prevalence of anaemia among respondents in this study was inversely related to their educational status. The burden of anaemia was significantly higher among women with no formal education compared to pregnant women with post secondary education.
Similarly, reports from Malawi, where a higher proportion of the entire population were largely uneducated, anaemia was found to be as high as 90%. 81 Educated mothers are more likely to have their children immunised so that child survival will improve. Education leads to an increased awareness and better utilization of antenatal care services. Women with no education may be poor and may not have access to good maternal health services hence;
they are more susceptible to adverse effect of poor nutrition, malaria, and diarrhoea.
Moreover, occupation was related to the proportion of pregnant women with anaemia.
Majority (39.3%) of the women were artisan and trader. This is in agreement with the background of the pregnant women from a study in Abeokuta, south – west, Nigeria. 43 This is in contrast to the information of the women studied in Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria (where the majority (69%) were housewives with no paid employment. 90 The prevalence of anaemia found among the artisan and trader in this study might be due to lack of formal education and poor economic status.
CONCLUSION
Prevalence of anaemia was high in this study. Most of the mothers assessed antenatal in missionary health facilities. Haemoglobin concentration of the mothers influenced the selected anthropometric parameters of the neonates. Education, occupation and place of antenatal were major predictors of anaemia among the women under consideration in this study.
RECOMMENDATION
Further studies with larger population should be carried out
Haemolytic supplementation
Education on the importance of ANC
Husbands should be involved much in Maternity Care
Integrated Health Services should be encouraged in Nigeria.
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APPENDIX I
PARTICIPANT INFORMATION LEAFLET Title of Research
EFFECTS OF THE LATE THIRD TRIMESTER MATERNAL HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS ON CERTAIN NEONATAL ANTANOPOMETRY MEASUREMENTS, AT ADEOYO MATERNITY AND OLUYORO CATHOLIC HOSPITALS, IBADAN.
Names and affiliations of researcher:
This study is being conducted by Samuel B. ONIFADE of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oluyoro Catholic Hospital, Ibadan.
Sponsor of Research:
Self sponsored
Purpose of Research:
The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of Late third trimester Maternal Hemoglobin levels on certain neonatal anthropometry measurements of pregnant women attending Adeoyo Maternity and Oluyoro Catholic Hospitals. This will in turn add to the existing knowledge in the field, especially in tropical countries where such research work has not been done.
Procedure of the research, what shall be required of each participant and the approximate total number of participants that would be involved in the research
The patient will be required to answer some questions as truthfully as possible. A few of these questions may be personal, it is not to embarrass but rather ensure a thorough understanding of their answers.
Expected duration of research and of participants involvement
You will participate more than once in the study and the entire process is expected to last about fifteen minutes each time.
Risks
There is no obvious risk involved in participation in this research except for a few questions which might be quite personal.
Cost to the participant
You will not bear any direct financial cost by participating in this study. However, you will be giving a few minutes of your time to answer the questionnaire.
Benefit
The aim of this study is to find out the effect of late third trimester hemoglobin levels on certain neonatal anthropometry measurements. The findings will be evaluated, and offer advice where necessary.
Confidentiality
Personal details will be obtained from patients and all information and data obtained from each subject will be treated with utmost confidentiality. All information obtained will be coded and cannot be traced directly to you. As part of our responsibility to research properly officials from ethnics department will have access to these records.
Voluntariness
Your participation in this research is entirely voluntary Alternative to participation
If you choose not to participate, this will not affect your treatment in this hospital in any way.
Consequence of participant’s decision to withdraw from research and procedure for orderly termination of participation
You can choose to withdraw from the research at anytime. Please note that some of the information that has been obtained about you before you choose to withdraw may have been modified or used in reports or publications. These cannot be removed anymore.
However, we promise to make effort to comply with your wishes as much as practicable.
What happens to research participants when the research is over?
You will be informed of the result of our study at its completion through your doctor and efforts would be made to prevent negative effect of any of the findings.
INFORMED CONSENT FORM Statement of person obtaining informed consent
I have fully explained this research to _______________________________ and have given sufficient information, including risks and benefits, to make an informed decision.
Date: _____________________________
Signature/Thumbprint: _______________________
Name: ________________________________________________________
Statement of person given consent:
I have read the description of the research or have had it translated into a language I understand. I have also talked it over with the doctor to my satisfaction. I understand that my participation is entirely voluntary. I know enough about the purpose, methods, risks, and benefits of the research study to judge that I want to be part of it. I understand that I may freely stop being part of this study at anytime. I have received a copy of this consent form to keep for myself.
Date: _____________________________
Signature/Thumbprint: _______________________
Name: _____________________________________________________
WITNESS (if applicable) Name:
This research has been approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of this Hospital and the chairman of this committee can be contacted at the Administrative building. In addition, if you have any question about your participation in this research, you can contact
the principal investigator Dr. Onifade Samuel B, through the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oluyoro Catholic Hospital. His phone number is 08051162685.
APPENDIX I (YORUBA VERSION OF THE INFORMED CONSENT)