3. Energy
3.2. Source Category 1A – Fuel Combustion Activities
3.2.1. Source Category Description
a) Energy Industries (1A1) Key categories 1A1
CO2 from the combustion of Gaseous Fuels (level)
CO2 from the combustion of Liquid Fuels (level and trend)
CO2 from the combustion of Solid Fuels (trend)
CO2 from the combustion of Other Fuels (level and trend)
N2O from the combustion of Other Fuels (level and trend)
According to IPCC guidelines, source category 1A1 “Energy Industries” comprises emissions from fuels combusted by fuel extraction and energy producing industries.
In Switzerland, fuel extraction is not occurring and 1A1 includes only emissions from the production of heat and/or electricity for sale to the public. Producers in industry producing heat and/or electricity for their own use are included in category 1A2 “Manufacturing Industries and Construction”. Producers of heat and/or power for their own use in waste incineration plants, however, are included in 1A1.
In Switzerland, electricity production is dominated by hydroelectric power plants (55.2%) and nuclear power stations (40.0%). Other sources such as (fossil fueled) combined heat and power generation, and power generation from solar, wind and biogas account only for about 4.9% of the electricity generated in Switzerland (SFOE 2008; table 24; data for the year 2007).
Table 3-4 Specification of source category 1A1 “Energy Industries”
1A1 Source Specification Data Source
1A1a Public Electricity and Heat Production
Main source are waste incineration plants with heat and power generation (Other fuels) and public district heating systems, including a small fraction of CHP. The only fossil fuelled public electricity generation unit “Vouvry” (300 MWe; no public
heat production) ceased operation in 1999.
Waste incineration: AD: FOEN 2008g; EMIS 2009/1A1a
EF: CO2 SAEFL 2005g; EMIS
2009/1A1a Other sources: AD: SFOE 2008: EMIS 2009/1A1a
EF: SAEFL 2000; SFOE 2001; EMIS 2009/1A1a 1A1b Petroleum Refining Combustion activities supporting the
refining of petroleum products, excluding evaporative emissions.
AD: Annual report EV 2008, SFOE 2008; EMIS 2009/1A1b EF: Industry data; EMIS 2009/1A1b
1A1c Manufacture of Solid Fuels and Other Energy Industries
Not occurring in Switzerland -
b) Manufacturing Industries and Construction (1A2) Key categories 1A2
CO2 from the combustion of Gaseous Fuels (level and trend)
National Inventory Report of Switzerland 2009 72
Energy 15 April 2009
CO2 from the combustion of Solid Fuels (level and trend)
CO2 from the combustion of Other Fuels (level and trend)
The source category 1A2 “Manufacturing Industries and Construction” comprises all
emissions from the combustion of fuels in stationary boilers, gas turbines and engines within manufacturing industries and construction, including emissions from conventional and waste fuel use in cement production. Not included are combustion installations in the
commercial/institutional and the residential sector as well as in agriculture/forestry. These are included in category 1A4 (“Other Sectors”).
In line with the IPCC guidelines, non-energy cement industry emissions of CO2 from
calcination are reported in category 2.
Table 3-5 Specification of source category 1A2 “Manufacturing Industries and Construction”
1A2 Source Specification Data Source
1A2a Iron and Steel Iron and Steel industry AD: SFOE 2008, Basics 2007 and industry data; EMIS 2009/1A2
EF: EMIS 2009/1A2, SAEFL 2000
1A2b Non-ferrous Metals Non-ferrous Metals industry Same as in 1A2a.
1A2c Chemicals Chemical industry Same as in 1A2a.
1A2d Pulp, Paper and Print Pulp, Paper and Print industry Same as in 1A2a. 1A2e Food Processing,
Beverages and Tobacco
Food Processing, Beverages and Tobacco industry
Same as in 1A2a. 1A2f Other (Combustion
Installations in Industries)
Category 1A2 f contains Cement, Lime, Brick and tile, Fine ceramics, Asphalt concrete plants, Container glass, Glass, Glass wool, Mineral wool, Fibreboard Production, industrial biogas boilers and engines that do not provide heat or electricity to the public.
Same as in 1A2a and EKV 1991 and Cemsuisse (2008a)
c) Transport (1A3)
Key category 1A3a
CO2 from the combustion of Jet Kerosene of civil aviation (trend)
Key categories 1A3b
CO2 from the combustion of Diesel Oil (level and trend)
CO2 from the combustion of Gasoline (level and trend)
CH4 from the combustion of Gasoline (trend)
N2O from the combustion of Diesel (trend)
N2O from the combustion of Gasoline (level)
Key category 1A3e
CO2 from the combustion of Jet Kerosene of military aviation (trend)
The source category includes civil and military aviation, road transportation, railways, navigation and other transportation. Further off-road transportation is included in category 1A4 Other Sectors (off-road transport in agriculture and forestry) and in 1A5 Other (off-road,
Energy 15 April 2009
e.g. construction). For information on bunker fuel emissions from international aviation, see Chapter 3.4.
Table 3-6 Specification of Swiss source category 1A3 “Transport”.
1A3 Transport Specification Data Source
1A3a Civil Aviation (National) Large (jet, turboprop) and small (piston) aircrafts, helicopters
AD: SFOE 2008, FOCA 2006, 2006a, 2007, 2008
1A3b Road Transportation Light and heavy motor vehicles, coaches, two-wheelers
AD: SFOE 2008,
EF: SAEFL 2004, 2004a, RWTÜV 2003, Hausberger et al. 2002, Gense 2002, 2002a
1A3c Railways Diesel locomotives Method, AD, EF: INFRAS 2008 1A3d Navigation (National) Passenger ships, motor and sailing
boats on the Swiss lakes
Method, AD, EF: INFRAS 2008,
1A3e Military Aviation VTG 2008
d) Other Sectors (1A4 – Commercial/Institutional, Residential, Agriculture/ Forestry)
Key categories 1A4a
CO2 from the combustion of Gaseous Fuels in the Commercial/Institutional Sector (level and
trend)
CO2 from the combustion of Liquid Fuels in the Commercial/Institutional Sector (level and
trend)
Key categories 1A4b
CO2 from the combustion of Gaseous Fuels in the Residential Sector (level and trend)
CO2 from the combustion of Liquid Fuels in the Residential Sector (level and trend)
Key category 1A4c
CO2 from the combustion of Liquid Fuels in Agriculture/Forestry (level)
Source category 1A4 “Other sectors” comprises emissions from fuels combusted in commercial and institutional buildings as well as in households and emissions from fuel combustion for grass drying and off-road machinery in agriculture.
Table 3-7 Specification of source category 1A4 “Other sectors”.
1A4 Source Specification Data Source
1A4a Commercial/ Institutional Emission from fuel combustion in commercial and institutional buildings
AD: SFOE 2008, CEPE 2007 EF: EMIS 2009/1A4a, SAEFL 2000; SFOE 2001, IPCC 1997c 1A4b Residential Emissions from fuel combustion in
households
AD: SFOE 2008
EF: EMIS 2009/1A4b, SAEFL 2000; SFOE 2001, IPCC 1997c 1A4c Agriculture/ Forestry/
Fishing
Comprises fuel combustion for grass drying and off-road machinery in agriculture
AD: EMIS 2009/1A4c and INFRAS 2008
EF: EMIS 2009/1A4c, SFOE 2001; INFRAS 2008
National Inventory Report of Switzerland 2009 74
Energy 15 April 2009
e) Other / Mobile (Off-road): Construction, Garden/Hobby, Industry and Military (1A5b)
Key category 1A5
CO2 from the combustion of Liquid and Gaseous Fuels (level and trend)
In Switzerland, the sub-sources are defined according to the next table. The IPCC category structure distinguishes stationary (1A5a) and mobile (1A5b) sources. All of the Swiss sub- categories refer to mobile sources.
Table 3-8 Specification of Swiss source category 1A5 “Other” (off-road).
1A5 Other Specification Data Source
1A5a Stationary Not occurring in Switzerland (NO) 1A5b Mobile (Off-road)
- Construction Construction vehicles and machinery - Garden/Hobby Household and gardening machinery and
motorised equipment
- Industry Industrial off-road vehicles and machinery - Military (without military
aviation)
Tanks and similar off-road vehicles. (emissions from military road vehicles are included in 1A3b Road Transportation)
Method, AD, EF: INFRAS 2008