CAN ANY ONE OF TELL WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICI OF IDEAL LIQUID ?

1. Steady flow... it is all moving at the same speed. What goes into a tube comes out of a tube. It doesn't speed up in one place and slow down in anaother.

2. Incompressible flow... liquids are hard to compress, they behave almost like solids.

the molecules are very close together so they repel each other if you try to compress them

3. Again there are no velocity gradients or changes in velocity due to the drag of the liquid molecules on each other. they all move at the same speed.

4. They do not form vortices and move in circles, they move linearly, respond to the push of the molecules behind them. Related to compressibilty and viscosity, I imagine.

http://laporanipa.wordpress.com/tag/characteristics-of-an-ideal-fluid/

ah.yehia

How jet mill works and describe its industrial uses?

Jet Mill works on micronizing of products using compressed air instead of mechanical impacts due to which the micro size is very fine. Micro milled products are obtained in microns after the material collide with each other and reduce themselves by attrition and collision.which consists of grinding chamber takes the shape of an oval loop of pipe 25 to 200 mm in diameter and 1.2 to 2.4 m in height .Feed enters near the bottom of the loop through a venture injector. Centrifugal classification of the ground particles takes place at the upper bend of the loop. The operating gas enters the grinding

chamber through energizing nozzles placed in the wall. A discharge opening in the inner wall leads to a cyclone separator and a bag collector of the product.

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B.H

what is surging in compressor?

Centrifugal and axial compressors will surge when forward flow through the compressor can no longer be maintained, due to an increase in pressure across the compressor, and a momentary flow reversal occurs. Once surge occurs, the reversal of flow reduces the discharge pressure or increases the suction pressure, thus allowing forward flow to resume again until the pressure rise again reaches the surge point. This surge cycle will continue until some change is made in the process or compressor conditions.

ah.yehia

what type of radiation is primarily responsible for the production of ions in ionosphere?

The ionosphere is the upper part of the atmosphere, extending from about 50 km to 2000 km above the Earth's surface. The part we are interested in for EM transmission is the lower 500 kilometers. In the ionosphere, radiation from the sun (primarily X-rays, ultraviolet and particles) bombard gas molecules and cause them to release electrons.

These are called "free electrons" and they are negatively charged. The molecules that lose the electrons become postively charged. The name for charged molecules or atoms is "ions" and these positive ions are what the ionosphere is named after. The free electrons and ions cause HF radiation that is moving upward to bend back toward the earth, an effect called refraction. This bending allows the signals to travel back down to the surface at ranges well over the horizon, giving HF radiation its unique long range characteristics. When radiation from the sun is no longer present during nighttime, many of the electrons join back with the ions, but some remain free throughout the night. An important parameter for EM propagation is the amount of free electrons that are present; this is called the "electron density". The higher the electron density, the more HF radiation is bent toward the surface.

Can anybody tell me a book regarding Disc type reactor.

The spinning disc reactor (SDR) is a novel continuous system suited to highly volatile reactions.

Where a reaction is highly exothermic and occurs in seconds, quenching is rapid, reducing side reactions and by-product formation. The low inventory of the system allows aggressive reactions to be handled safely. The system is continuous and a significant volume of product, 10kg an hour, is manufactured over time.

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B.H

does steam(saturated or superheated) follows gas laws?

superheated steam may follow but saturated doesnt

Shantanu Lanke

I need any book about PVC-nano filler URGently

http://www.nantopaint.com/attachments/article/212/Issue11%20NanoTechNovember.p df

What is the best insulating material for reactor with 80 deg C operating temperature?

polystyrene can be used.

Shantanu Lanke

Which one of the following is an indication of pump cavitation?

A. Pump motor amps are pegged high.

B. Pump discharge pressure indicates zero.

C. Pump motor amps are fluctuating.

D. Pump discharge pressure indicates shutoff head.

Cavitation is defined as the process of formation and disappearance Cavitation is defined as the process of formation and disappearance

of the vapour phase of a liquid when it is subjected to reduced and subsequently increased pressures.Cavitation is a thermodynamic change of state with mass transfer from liq pp ( uid to vapor phase and visa versa ( bubble formation & collapse).

The cause of cavitation in pumps is usually due to insufficient NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) energy on the suction side of the pump. NPSH is the energy required to push the liquid into the pump. This can be caused by: (NOTE: Change the bullets below into checkmarks.)

• Having the pump at too high of a distance above the fluid source

• Having too small of a diameter of suction pipe

• Having too long of a distance of suction pipe

• Having too many fittings on the suction pipe

• Handling a liquid with a low vapor pressure

• Running the pump too fast.

The first problem is a reduction in the pumping capacity of the pump. If the pump is unable to keep up with the incoming flow, then an overflow situation may occur.

Cavitation also causes damage to the pump. The collapsing vapor bubbles can cause excessive vibration, which can cause rotating parts, such as the impeller, to contact non-rotating parts, such as the wear plates or wear rings, causing damage. Excessive

vibration may also cause premature failure to mechanical seals and bearings. Cavitation can also damage the wetted components themselves from contact with the imploding vapor bubbles.

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B.H

What is liquid and gas heat capacity cofficients of HBF4, BF3, and HF Check these links

http://www.matweb.com/search/datasheet.aspx?matguid=a8d4500ab271440ca4e26ef 2f9e2df71&ckck=1

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100423113748AAXnjx7 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/je980064d?journalCode=jceaax who khow about "chem e car"'s system?

it's about choose chemical reaction to make car move

what is the difference between distillation and evaporation evaporation: change of state from and liquid to gas.

distillation: method of separating a solution to its own components that involves boiling and condensation

Evaporation. The easiest example is water. Water molecules are in constant motion.

Some molecules move fast enough to escape into the air on their own. Sweat

evaporates from your skin to cool you. When you air dry your hands in a bathroom, it is evaporation that makes the water go away. Many liquids will evaporate into the air, not just water.

Distillation. Lets look at water again, though you can distill most any liquid. When you heat water you can make it boil. The boiling water will go into the air as steam. (In this way evaporation and distillation are similar) That steam can be captured and cooled down again to make liquid water. The cool part is that if there is anything else in the water that you don't want, it will stay behind when you boil the water. So if you are really thirsty and only have a bottle of salt water, you can use distillation to make clean water. Scientist use distillation to separate liquids from impurities, like salt, but also to separate liquids that are mixed in with each other.

ah.yehia

Need some Help Regarding Reverse Osmosis(RO) Process and how Semipermeable membrane works?

reverse osmosis is the process of forcing a solvent from a region of high solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane to a region of low solute

concentration by applying a pressure in excess of the osmotic pressure. The largest and most important application of reverse osmosis is the separation of pure water from seawater and brackish waters; seawater or brackish water is pressurized against one surface of the membrane, causing transport of salt-depleted water across the membrane and emergence of potable drinking water from the low-pressure side.

A semipermeable membrane, also termed a selectively permeable membrane, a

partially permeable membrane or a differentially permeable membrane, is a membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion and occasionally specialized "facilitated diffusion".

Shantanu Lanke

I am sureshbabu, final year chemical engineering department. Can you please any one tell me how to remove the fluoride content in water using adsorption.

For this technique, activated alumina, bone char and clay adsorption media are the most developed. During the past two decades, extensive research has focused on a number of alternative adsorbents, some exhibiting improved fluoride sorption performances while at the same time do not alter the quality of treated water.

wat is the difference between evaporation and crystallization?

Crystallization

it may be defined as a process which separates a pure solid in the from of its crystals from a solution.

Evaporation

Process of separating any substance from its solution by removing water is called evaporation.

f u consider a fluid in sea water, the density of that fluid will not be same at every location...can you tell me why?

due to the concentration gradient

due to difficulty in diffusion

see sea water is salty bcz minerals from earth rocks are carries by the rivers to the sea.

and at different places in earthcrust different amts of minerals are present so each river will carry different amts of salt with it and in liquids diffusion occurs at a slow pace as that in gaseous phase.

Shantanu Lanke

Why PFR is better than CSTR...?

& why conversion in PFR is more compare than CSTR...?

PFR:

All calculations performed with PFRs assume no upstream or downstream mixing, as implied by the term "plug flow".

Reagents may be introduced into the PFR at locations in the reactor other than the inlet.

In this way, a higher efficiency may be obtained, or the size and cost of the PFR may be reduced.

A PFR typically has a higher efficiency than a CSTR of the same volume. That is, given the same space-time, a reaction will proceed to a higher percentage completion in a PFR than in a CSTR.

CSTR:

At steady-state, the flow rate in must equal the mass flow rate out, otherwise the tank will overflow or go empty (transient state). While the reactor is in a transient state the model equation must be derived from the differential mass and energy balances.

The reaction proceeds at the reaction rate associated with the final (output) concentration.

Often, it is economically beneficial to operate several CSTRs in series. This allows, for example, the first CSTR to operate at a higher reagent concentration and therefore a higher reaction rate. In these cases, the sizes of the reactors may be varied in order to minimize the total capital investment required to implement the process.

It can be seen that an infinite number of infinitely small CSTRs operating in series would be equivalent to a PFR.

Shantanu Lanke

what is the difference between unbound moisture content and free moisture content?

Unbound moisture: Unbound moisture exerts a vapor pressure equivalent to that of the free liquid. Thus in a non-hygroscopic material, all the liquid is unbound and in a

hygroscopic material, the unbound moisture is the liquid in excess of the equilibrium moisture content (EMC), corresponding to saturation humidity.

Free moisture: Free moisture is the liquid in excess of the equilibrium moisture content at a given temperature and humidity. Thus under condition of saturation humidity, the free moisture is the same as the unbound moisture, but in certain circumstances the free moisture may consist of both unbound and bound moisture.

Shantanu Lanke

What is TEAL? Any idea?

it's Tri Ethyl Aluminium Liquid.

in crystallization process...solubility increses with increse in temp...bt for mnso4 solubility is decresing with temp....can you tell me why?

MnSO4 is a sparingly soluble compound. as u increase the temp., water decreases due to evaporation and net conc. of MnSO4 increases to supersaturation. which crystallizes it out.

Shantanu Lanke

how can we soften the lattice adhesion below the carpet

Lubricated contact sets other demands on the materials surface structure, and the main issue is to retain the protective lubrication thickness and avoid plastic deformation. This is important because plastic deformation raises the temperature of the oil or lubrication fluid and changes the viscosity.

Shantanu Lanke

I am a student Of Chemical Engineering, studing in Thadomal Shahani Engineering

College. I Am currently in my final year of BE. I am doing a Project on "Design OF Sulphur Condenser". Now i am stuck on a calculation. I thought U guys can help me. i just wanted to know the antoine constant of sulphur i.e. A B C . i have found of hydrogen sulphide and sulphurdioxide but i am stuck at this. It would be of great help if u people can do anything about it

u cannot get antoine const. for sulfur since its a solid. however antoine constants for sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are as follows:

What is the methods of Natural Gas Liquefaction?

The liquefaction process involves removal of certain components, such as dust, acid gases, helium, water, and heavy hydrocarbons, which could cause difficulty downstream.

The natural gas is then condensed into a liquid at close to atmospheric pressure (maximum transport pressure set at around 25 kPa (3.6 psi)) by cooling it to approximately −162 °C (−260 °F).

LNG achieves a higher reduction in volume than compressed natural gas (CNG) so that the energy density of LNG is 2.4 times greater than that of CNG or 60% of that of diesel fuel.[1] This makes LNG cost efficient to transport over long distances where pipelines do not exist. Specially designed cryogenic sea vessels (LNG carriers) or cryogenic road tankers are used for its transport.

LNG is principally used for transporting natural gas to markets, where it is regasified and distributed as pipeline natural gas. It can be used in natural gas vehicles, although it is more common to design vehicles to use compressed natural gas. Its relatively high cost of production and the need to store it in expensive cryogenic tanks have hindered widespread commercial use.

Currently there are 4 Liquefaction processes available:

C3MR (sometimes referred to as APCI): designed by Air Products & Chemicals, Incorporation.

.in distillation where we need to use partial condenser and where to use final condenser...and what is the main difference we observe when using these two Partial condenser is the simplest vapour-liquid separation device for gaseous mixtures. It can only be used when the boiling points of the substances are so different that

essentially only one of them will condense into a liquid under suitable conditions.

In a total condenser te temperature is lowerd to a level on which all gasses turn to liquids. with a partial condenser you can separate gasses on there dew point. It means that the temperature is set to a level on wich a one or several gasses leave the partial condenser as a liquid and the others as a gas.

Shantanu Lanke

can you say what are the olechemicals obtained from Sesame oil by the transesterification of the seasame oil.

Shantanu Lanke

can u xplin me about thermodynamic steam trap....what is the purpose of strainer thr?

Thermodynamic traps work on the difference in dynamic response to velocity change in flow of compressible and incompressible fluids. As steam enters, static pressure above the disk forces the disk against the valve seat. The static pressure over a large area overcomes the high inlet pressure of the steam. As the steam starts to condense, the pressure against the disk lessens and the trap cycles. This essentially makes a TD trap a

"time cycle" device: it will open even if there is only steam present, this can cause premature wear. If non condensable gas is trapped on top of the disc, it can cause the trap to be locked shut.

Purpose of strainer is to remove the dust particles if any.

Shantanu Lanke

what is the difference btwn foot valve and non return valve?

A Foot Valve for a pump is a one way check valve.

It lets water flow in one direction only/ towards the pump.

It is placed at the bottom of the suction pipe, just behind the filter screen.

This is normal for an above ground pump, not a submersible pump.

The purpose is to keep the pump from loosing it's prime.

Check valves or non return valves are two-port valves, meaning they have two openings in the body, one for fluid to enter and the other for fluid to leave. There are various types of check valves used in a wide variety of applications.

Shantanu Lanke

what is the difference btwn HETP and HTU?

HETP arises from the same concept of equilibrium stages as does the theoretical plate and is numerically equal to the absorption bed length divided by the number of theoretical plates in the absorption bed (and in practice is measured in this way).

The height of a transfer unit (HTU) is a measure of the separation effectiveness of the particular packings for a particular separation process.

Shantanu Lanke

what you have to do when the solution is more viscous and forms a layer at the bottom of crystallizer?

in that case swenson walker crystallizer can be used.

Shantanu Lanke

In document IamCheEng Magazine 9-2013 (Page 181-190)