Fatal head injuries are significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study has shown that there is an increased prevalence of head injuries largely due to RTA affecting mostly young people who are the economically active group in the society. This is even worse in developing countries where the health facilities are suboptimal. There is a need for synergy between relevant government agencies in order to adhere strictly to international best practices regarding road safety.
There is an obvious disparity in the figures emerging from different parts of the country and indeed different centres in Lagos. This calls for a study to harmonise all data, factors contributing to the various variables and the use of statistical analysis to determine a unified figure for the southern part of the country with a fairly high autopsy rate. Perhaps this part of the country can be grouped into two categories depending on the autopsy rate. This model can be used as a basis for formulating required legislation for the country. It is assumed that figures derived from the south will adequately mirror the north had the latter achieved the same autopsy rate as in the south.
CHAPTER SIX
6.1 APPENDIX 1
W.H.O. INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES (ICD) 52CATEGORIES OF HEAD INJURY
S00 Superficial injury of head
Excludes: cerebral contusion (diffuse)
· focal
injury of eye and orbit S00.0 Superficial injury of scalp
S00.1 Contusion of eyelid and periocular area Black eye
Excludes: contusion of eyeball and orbital tissues S00.2 Other superficial injuries of eyelid and periocular area
Excludes: superficial injury of conjunctiva and cornea S00.3 Superficial injury of nose
S00.4 Superficial injury of ear
S00.5 Superficial injury of lip and oral cavity S00.7 Multiple superficial injuries of head S00.8 Superficial injury of other parts of head S00.9 Superficial injury of head, part unspecified
S01 Open wound of head Excludes: decapitation
injury of eye and orbit
traumatic amputation of part of head S01.0 Open wound of scalp
Excludes: avulsion of scalp
S01.1 Open wound of eyelid and periocular area
Open wound of eyelid and periocular area with or without involvement of lacrimal passages
S01.2 Open wound of nose S01.3 Open wound of ear
S01.4 Open wound of cheek and temporomandibular area S01.5 Open wound of lip and oral cavity
Excludes: tooth:
· dislocation
· fracture
S01.7 Multiple open wounds of head S01.8 Open wound of other parts of head S01.9 Open wound of head, part unspecified S02 Fracture of skull and facial bones
Note: For primary coding of fracture of skull and facial bones with associated intracranial injury, reference should be made to the morbidity or mortality
coding rules and guidelines in Volume 2.
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a supplementary character position where it is not possible or not desired to use multiple coding to identify fracture and open wound; a fracture not indicated as closed or open should be classified as closed.
0 closed
1 open
S02.0 Fracture of vault of skull
Frontal bone Parietal bone
S02.1 Fracture of base of skull
Fossa:
· anterior
· middle
· posterior Occiput Orbital roof Sinus:
· ethmoid
· frontal Sphenoid Temporal bone
Excludes: Orbit Not otherwise specified (NOS) orbital floor
S02.2 Fracture of nasal bones
S02.3 Fracture of orbital floor
Excludes: orbit NOS orbital roof
S02.4 Fracture of malar and maxillary bones
Superior maxilla Upper jaw (bone) Zygoma
S02.5 Fracture of tooth
Broken tooth
S02.6 Fracture of mandible
Lower jaw (bone)
S02.7 Multiple fractures involving skull and facial bones
S02.8 Fractures of other skull and facial bones
Alveolus Orbit NOS Palate
Excludes: orbital:
· floor
· roof
S02.9 Fracture of skull and facial bones, part unspecified
S06 Intracranial injury
Note: For primary coding of intracranial injuries with associated fractures, reference should be made to the morbidity or mortality coding rules and guidelines in Volume 2.
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a supplementary character position where it is not possible or not desired to use multiple coding to identify intracranial injury and open wound:
0 without open intracranial wound
1 with open intracranial wound
S06.0 Concussion
Commotio cerebri
S06.1 Traumatic cerebral oedema
S06.2 Diffuse brain injury
Cerebral:
· contusion NOS
· laceration NOS
Traumatic compression of brain NOS
S06.3 Focal brain injury
Focal:
· cerebral:
· contusion
· laceration
· traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage
S06.4 Epidural haemorrhage
Extradural haemorrhage (traumatic)
S06.5 Traumatic subdural haemorrhage
S06.6 Traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage
S06.7 Intracranial injury with prolonged coma
S06.8 Other intracranial injuries
Traumatic haemorrhage:
· cerebellar
· intracranial NOS
S06.9 Intracranial injury, unspecified
Brain injury NOS
Excludes: head injury NOS
S07 Crushing injury of head S07.0 Crushing injury of face S07.1 Crushing injury of skull
S07.8 Crushing injury of other parts of head S07.9 Crushing injury of head, part unspecified S08 Traumatic amputation of part of head S08.0 Avulsion of scalp
S08.1 Traumatic amputation of ear
S08.8 Traumatic amputation of other parts of head S08.9 Traumatic amputation of unspecified part of head
Excludes: decapitation
S09 Other and unspecified injuries of head
S09.0 Injury of blood vessels of head, not elsewhere classified Excludes: injury of:
· cerebral blood vessels
· precerebral blood vessels S09.1 Injury of muscle and tendon of head S09.2 Traumatic rupture of ear drum S09.7 Multiple injuries of head
Injuries classifiable to more than one of the categories S00-S09.2 S09.8 Other specified injuries of head
S09.9 Unspecified injury of head Injury of:
· face Not otherwise specified (NOS)
· ear NOS
· nose NOS
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