Table A1:Definitions of the Variables Created from ECLS-B Variable Description
Agechild Age of child in months Agemom Age of mother in years
Male Dummy variable equals to 1 if child is male Black child Dummy variable equals to 1 if child is black Hispanic child Dummy variable equals to 1 if child is Hispanic Urban Dummy variable if urban area
Region1 Dummy variable if region is Northeast Region2 Dummy variable if region is Midwest Region3 Dummy variable if region is South Region4 Dummy variable if region is West
University degree Dummy variable if the mother has at least B.S. degree Sibling Number of siblings of the focal child
Married Dummy variable equals to 1 if the mother is married Hours of work Hours of work for the mother
Full time work Dummy variable equals to 1 if the mother works more than 35 hours (Full time work)
Part time work Dummy variable equals to 1 if the mother works less than or equal to 35 hours (Part time work) Full time work with child care Dummy variable equals to 1 if the mother works full
time and uses any non-parental child care
Full time work without child care Dummy variable equals to 1 if the mother works full time and doesn't use non-parental child care
Part time work with child care Dummy variable equals to 1 if the mother works part time and uses any non-parental child care
Part time work without child care Dummy variable equals to 1 if the mother works part time and doesn't use non-parental child care
No work with child care Dummy variable equals to 1 if the mother doesn't work and uses any non-parental child care
No work without child care Dummy variable equals to 1 if the mother doesn't work and doesn't use non-parental child care Center based child care hours Hours of center based child care
Home based child care hours Hours of home based child care (i.e. relative care and nonrelative care)
Use center based care Dummy variable equals to 1 if center based care is used1 Use only home based care Dummy variable equals to 1 if only home based care is used Full time center based care Dummy variable equals to 1 if more than 35 hours of
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Table A1:Continuing from Previous Page Variable Description
Part time center based care Dummy variable equals to 1 if less than or equal to 35 hours of center based care is used (Part time)
Full time home based care Dummy variable equals to 1 if more than 35 hours of home based care is used (Full time)
Part time home based care Dummy variable equals to 1 if less than or equal to 35 hours of home based care is used (Part time)
Group size center based Group size in child care if center based care is used2 Group size home based care Group size in child care if only home based care is used
(i.e. relative care and nonrelative care) Home quality index Home quality
Missing home quality Dummy variable equals to 1 if home quality is missing In-home child care quality index In-home primary non-parental child care quality Missing in-home
care quality
Dummy variable equals to 1 if in-home primary non-parental child care quality is missing Use in-home care Dummy variable equals to 1 if in-home primary
non-parental child care is used
Out-of-home child care quality index Out home primary non-parental child care quality Missing out-of-home care quality Dummy variable equals to 1 if out-home primary
non-parental child care quality is missing Use out-of-home
care
Dummy variable equals to 1 if out-home primary non-parental child care is used
Income others Income of the partner3 Missing income
others
Dummy variable equals to 1 if income of the partner is missing
Hhincomenet Household income3
Missing hhincomenet Dummy variable equals to 1 if household income is missing
General health Dummy variable equals to 1 if the child’s health is excellent/very good and 0 if it is good/fair/poor Obesity Dummy variable equals to 1 if the child is Obese* Overweight Dummy variable equals to 1 if the child is overweight* Cognitive achievement Standardized values for scale mental scores*
Behavior index Standardized values for Behavior problems
Ear infection Dummy variable equals to 1 if the child has an ear infection Respiratory illness Dummy variable equals to 1 if the child has a respiratory
illness
Notes: 1If a family uses some home based care in addition to center based i.e. multiple child care use, it is
included under this category.
2If multiple child care is used, average of the group sizes are used. 3real income values; household income
net of child care expenditures.
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Table A2: Definitions of the State/County-Level Variables-Set 1
Variable Definition Source
Unemployment rate County level unemployment rate http://www.bls.gov/lau/
Poverty County level poverty http://www.census.gov/did/www/saipe/data/statecoun ty/
Median income Median household income* http://www.census.gov/did/www/saipe/data/statecoun ty/
TANF Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)--Expenditures by State*
www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/ tables/12s0567.xls
Goods State level employment in Goods sector www.bls.gov/data/#employment Service State level employment in Service sector www.bls.gov/data/#employment Mean wage preschool State level mean wage*
http://www.bls.gov/oes/oes_arch.htm Mean wage child care
worker
State level mean wage of preschool teachers*
http://www.bls.gov/oes/oes_arch.htm Mean wage State level mean wage of child care workers* http://www.bls.gov/oes/oes_arch.htm Price of infant care Average state level cost of
infant care in centers* NACCRRA Breaking the Piggy Bank: Parents and High Price of Child Care (2006); Parents and High Price of Child Care (2007a,2008b); Parents and High Cost of Child Care
(2009a,2010b,2011a);
Child Care in America: 2012 State Fact Sheets Price of preschool
care
Average state level cost of preschool care in centers*
NACCRRA Breaking the Piggy Bank: Parents and High Price of Child Care (2006); Parents and High Price of Child Care (2007a,2008b); Parents and High Cost of Child Care(2009a,2010b,2011a); Child Care in America: 2012 State Fact Sheets
Public 2year
State level average tuition level
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Table A2: Continuing from Previous Page
Variable Definition Source
Public 4year
State level average tuition level for 4-year public universities*
http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing Private
4year
State level average tuition level for 4-year private universities*
http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing Center total State level regulated center based settings per capita
Child Care Center Licensing Study
(2001/2002/2003); Child Care Licensing Study (2005/2007)
Family total State level regulated family based settings per capita
Family Child Care Licensing Study
(2001/2002/2003); Child Care Licensing Study (2005/2007)
Male female ratio County level male to female ratio over 18 years old
http://www.census.gov/popest/data/historical/2000s/ vintage_2008/datasets.html
Total number of hospitals County level total number of hospitals per capita Area Resource File 2011-2012 release Short term general child
wellness hospitals
County level short term general hospitals with child
wellness per capita Area Resource File 2011-2012 release Short term general hospitals
with nutrition programs
County level short term general hospitals with nutrition programs per capita
Area Resource File 2011-2012 release Short term general child
psychiatric hospitals
County level Short term children's psychiatric hospitals per capita
Area Resource File 2011-2012 release Long term general child
psychiatric hospitals
County level long term children's psychiatric hospitals per capita
Area Resource File 2011-2012 release Short term general hospitals
with child/adolescence Service
County level short term general hospitals with child/adolescence service per capita
Area Resource File 2011-2012 release
Pct95 precipitation level State level 95th percentile of precipitation level GHCN (Global Historical Climatology Network)-Daily Std of snow fall State level standard deviation of snow fall GHCN (Global Historical Climatology Network)-Daily Std of precipitation level State level standard deviation of precipitation level GHCN (Global Historical Climatology Network)-
Daily Notes: *Real values
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Table A3: Definitions of the State/County-Level Variables-Set 2
Variable Definition Explanation* Source Grocery County level
number of supermarkets and grocery stores (except convenience stores) per capita NAICS Number:445110
This industry comprises establishments generally known as supermarkets and Grocery stores primarily engaged in retailing a general line of food, such as canned and frozen foods; fresh Fruits and vegetables; and fresh and prepared meats, fish, and poultry. Included in this industry are delicatessen-type establishments primarily engaged in retailing a general line of food.
http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/
Fruit County level number of fruit and vegetable markets per capita
NAICS
Number:445230 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing fresh Fruits and vegetables. http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/
Convenience County level number of convenience stores per capita
NAICS
Number:445120 This industry comprises establishments known as Convenience stores or food marts (except those with fuel pumps) primarily engaged in retailing a limited line of Goods that generally includes milk, bread, soda, and snacks. http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/ Limited service restaurants County level number of limited-service restaurants per capita NAICS Number:722211
This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing food Services (except snack and nonalcoholic beverage bars) where patrons generally order or select items and pay before eating. Food and drink may be consumed on premises, taken out, or delivered to the customers location. Some establishments in this industry may provide these food Services in combination with selling alcoholic beverages.
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Table A3: Continuing from Previous Page
Variable Definition Explanation* Source
Full service restaurants County level number of full- service restaurants per capita NAICS Number:722110
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing food Services to patrons who order and are served while seated (i.e,
waiter/waitress Services) and pay after eating. These establishments may provide this type of food Services to patrons in combination with selling alcoholic beverages, providing carry out Services, or presenting live nontheatrical entertainment.
http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/
Museum County level number of museums per capita
NAICS Number:712110
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the preservation and exhibition of objects of historical, cultural, and/or educational value.
http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/
Park County level number of nature parks and similar institutions per capita NAICS Number:712190
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the preservation and exhibition of natural areas or settings.
http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/
Zoo County level
number of zoos and botanical gardens per capita
NAICS
Number:712130 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the preservation and exhibition of live plant and animal life displays.
http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/
Fitness County level of number of fitness and recreational sports centers per capita NAICS
Number:713940 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating Fitness and recreational sports facilities featuring exercise and other active physical Fitness conditioning or recreational sports activities, such as swimming, skating, or racquet sports.
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Table A3: Continuing from Previous Page
Variable Definition Explanation* Source
Dentist County level number of offices of dentists per capita NAICS Number:621210
This industry comprises establishments of health practitioners having the degree of D.M.D. (Doctor of Dental Medicine), D.D.S. (Doctor of Dental
Surgery), or D.D.Sc. (Doctor of Dental Science) primarily engaged in the independent practice of general or specialized Dentistry or dental surgery. These practitioners operate Private or group practices in their own Offices (e.g., centers, clinics) or in the facilities of others, such as hospitals or HMO medical centers. They can provide either
comprehensive preventive, cosmetic, or emergency care, or specialize in a single field of Dentistry.
http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/
Daycare total State level child day care services per capita
NAICS Number:624410
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing day care of infants or children. These establishments generally care for preschool children, but may care for older children when they are not in school and may also offer pre-kindergarten educational programs.
http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/
Office Office supplies and stationery stores
NAICS
Number:453210 This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) retailing new stationery, school supplies, and Office supplies; (2) selling a combination of new Office equipment, furniture, and supplies; and (3) selling new Office equipment, furniture, and supplies in combination with selling new computers.
http://www.census.gov/econ/cbp/
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