Table D1: Definitions of the Variables used in the Behavior Problems Index
Variables Definition
Child displays positive affect 1:no effect 2:1 or 2 brief displays of the effect 3:3 or more brief displays of the effect 4:1 or 2 intense, heightened effect 5:3 or more intense, heightened effect
Child displays negative affect 1:no effect 2:1 or 2 brief displays of the effect 3:3 or more brief displays of the effect 4:1 or 2 intense, heightened effect 5:3 or more intense, heightened effect
Child adapts change in material 1:consistently resists relinquishing materials 2:typically resists relinquishing materials 3:makes poor transitions half the time 4:typically relinquishing materials and accept new 5: consistently relinquishing materials
Child shows interest in material 1:no interest 2:1 or 2 displays of interest 3:moderate interest 4:much interest 5:Constant interest
Child pays attention to tasks 1:Constantly off task 2:typically off task 3:off task half the time 4:typically attends 5:Constantly attends
Child displays social engagement 1:no attempts to interact 2:1 or 2 attempts to interact 3:several attempts to interact 4:many attempts to interact 5:Constant attempts to interact
Child shows control of movements 1:consistently jerky or clumsy 2:typically jerky or clumsy 3:jerky/clumsy half the time-smooth/coordinated
4:typically smooth or coordinated 5:consistently smooth or coordinated
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Table D1: Continuing from Previous Page
Variables Definition
Child persistent in tasks 1:consistently lacks persistence 2:typically not persistent 3:lack persistence half the time 4:typically persistent-lack persistence 5:consistently persistent
Child displays fearfulness 1:Constantly fearful 2:tyoically fearful 3:fearful half the time 4:typically trusting 5:Constantly trusting
Child display frustration in tasks 1:consistently becomes frustrated 2:typically becomes frustrated 3:occasionally becomes frustrated 4:rarely becomes frustrated 5:never becomes frustrated
Child displays cooperation 1:consistently resists suggestions 2:typically resists 3:resists suggestions/requests 4:typically cooperates 5:consistently cooperates
Child pays attention well 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often Child invited to play by other children 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often Child eagerness to learn 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often Child volunteers to help others 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often Child is liked by others 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often Child shares with others 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often Child is physically aggressive 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often
Child seems unhappy 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often
Child comforts other children 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often Child uses words to describe feelings 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often
Child angry 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often
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Table D1: Continuing from Previous Page
Variables Definition
Child acts impulsively 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often
Child worry about things 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often
Child overly active 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often
Child invites other children to play 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often Child keeps working until finished 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often Child stands up for others rights 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often Child has temper tantrums 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often Child has difficulty concentrating 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often Child annoys other children 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often Child destroys other things 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often Child tries to understand others 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often Child makes friends easily 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often
Child accepts ideas 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often
Child adjusts to new situations 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often
Child tries new things 1:never 2:rarely 3:sometimes 4:often 5:very often
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Table D2: Summary Statistics of Variables used in the Behavior Problems Index
Wave1 Wave2 Wave3 Wave4 Wave5
Mean Sd Mean Sd Mean Sd Mean Sd Mean Sd
Child display positive affecta 2.624 1.509 2.578 1.097 Child display negative affecta 2.242 1.552 2.656 1.288 Child adapt change in materialc 2.261 1.479 2.446 1.114 Child shows interest in materialc 2.474 1.357 2.570 0.950 Child pays attention to tasksc 2.298 1.342 2.622 1.006 Child displays social engagementb 2.796 1.501 2.541 1.123 Child shows control of movementsa 2.447 1.431 1.745 0.767
Child persistent in tasksc 2.673 1.074
Child displays fearfulnessa 1.940 0.989
Child display frustration in tasksa 2.284 1.003
Child displays cooperationb 2.663 1.074
Child pays attention wellc 2.364 0.815 2.290 0.827 2.275 0.838
Child is invited to play by other childrenb 2.131 1.004 2.115 0.974 2.087 0.967
Child eagerness to learnc 1.661 0.795 1.631 0.763 1.621 0.747
Child volunteers to help othersb 2.293 1.003 2.222 1.006 2.160 1.002
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Table D2: Continuing from Previous Page
Wave1 Wave2 Wave3 Wave4 Wave5
Mean Sd Mean Sd Mean Sd Mean Sd Mean Sd
Child shares with othersb 2.285 0.857
Child is physically aggressivea 2.247 0.946 2.073 0.939 2.026 0.931
Child seems unhappya 1.778 0.752 1.797 0.731 1.822 0.756
Child comforts other childrenb 2.376 0.948 2.379 0.948 2.324 0.954
Child uses words to describe feelingsb 2.111 0.988 1.950 0.924 1.934 0.933
Child angrya 2.873 0.938 2.799 0.946 2.678 0.911
Child works/plays independentlyc 1.947 0.850 1.940 0.835 1.894 0.843
Child acts impulsivelya 2.253 1.020 2.184 0.973 2.163 0.969
Child worry about thingsa 2.306 0.987 2.454 1.002 2.498 1.001
Child overly activec 2.837 1.158 2.764 1.160 2.697 1.131
Child invites other children to playb 2 0.921 1.967 0.877 1.986 0.873
Child keeps working until finishedc 2.638 0.889 2.475 0.889 2.411 0.897
Child stands up for others rightsb 2.403 0.985 2.312 0.947 2.243 0.940
Child has temper tantrumsa 2.673 0.977 2.522 0.977 2.458 0.978
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Table D2: Continuing from Previous Page
Wave1 Wave2 Wave3 Wave4 Wave5
Mean Sd Mean Sd Mean Sd Mean Sd Mean Sd
Child annoys other childrena 2.212 0.883 2.225 0.890 2.239 0.889
Child destroys other thingsa 1.631 0.824 1.588 0.798 1.581 0.775
Child tries to understand othersb 2.385 0.927 2.357 0.897 2.329 0.896
Child makes friends easilyb 1.761 0.808
Child accepts ideasb 2.177 0.836 2.174 0.836
Child adjusts to new situationsc 2.314 0.848 2.299 0.845
Child tries new thingsc 1.906 0.818 1.898 0.801
Child shows imaginationc 1.669 0.759 1.655 0.750
N
9550 8450 8050 6250 1650
Notes: Sample sizes (N) are rounded to the nearest 50 as required by NCES. Only twin restriction is applied for these summary statistics. a Those
variables are used to create ‘emotions’ index. b Those variable are used to create ‘social Behavior’ index. c Those variables are used to create
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