Working with Substations in the Graphical Editor

Substations and Secondary Substations from existing templates are created using the network dia-grams. The substations are represented in these diagrams by means of composite node symbols.

Creating a New Substation in an Overview Diagram

Overview diagrams are single line diagrams without detailed graphical information of the substations.

Substations and Secondary Substations are illustrated as “Composite Nodes", which can be coloured

to show the connectivity of the connected elements (“Beach Ball"). Substations and Secondary Sub-stations from pre-defined templates (or templates previously defined by the user) are created using the network diagrams. The substations are represented in these diagrams by means of composite node symbols.

To draw a substation from an existing template in an overview diagram:

• Click on the symbol of the composite node ( or ) for Substations or ( ) for Secondary Substations listed among the symbols on the right-hand drawing pane.

• Select the desired substation template from the list.

• Click on the overview single line diagram to place the symbol. The substation is automatically created in the active grid folder.

• Right click the substation, select Edit Substation, and rename the substation appropriately.

• Close the window with the templates.

• PressEsc or right click on the mouse to get the cursor back.

• Resize the substation symbol in the overview diagram to the desired size.

A diagram of the newly created substation can be opened by double clicking at the composite node symbol. In the new diagram it is possible to rearrange the substation configuration and to connect the desired components to the grid.

To resize a composite node:

• Click once on the composite node you want to resize.

• When it is highlighted, place the cursor on one of the black squares at the corners and hold down the left mouse button.

• A double-arrow symbol appears and you can resize the figure by moving the mouse. For a rect-angular composite node you can also resize the shape by placing the cursor on one of the sides.

For further information on templates please refer to Chapter12: Project Library, Section12.4(Templates Library).

To show the connectivity inside a composite node:

Press the button to open the colouring dialog. Select the ’Function’ for which the colouring mode is relevant (for example, select the ’Basic Data’ tabpage). Under ’Other’ select ’Topology’, and then

’Station Connectivity’.

There are two ways to open the graphic page of a substation. The first is to double-click on the cor-responding composite node in the overview diagram. The second is to go to the graphic object of the substation in the data manager, right-click and select Show Graphic.

Details of how to define templates are provided in Chapter12(Project Library).

Substation Switching Rules

Switching Rules ( ) (IntSwitching) store switching actions for a selected group of switches that are defined inside a substation. The different switching actions (no change, open or close) are defined by the user considering different fault locations that can occur inside a substation. By default, the number of fault locations depends on the number of busbars and bay-ends contained inside the substation;

although the user is allowed to add (and remove) specific fault locations and switches belonging to the substation. The switch actions will always be relative to the current switch positions of the breakers.

9.2. DEFINING NETWORK MODELS WITH THE GRAPHICAL EDITOR

The selection of a Switching Rule for a substation is independent of the selection of a Running Arrange-ment and if required, the reference to the switching rule in a substation can be stated to be operational data; provided the user uses the Scenario Configuration object. For more information on the scenario configuration refer to Chapter14(Operation Scenarios).

A typical application of Switching Rules is in contingency analysis studies, where there is a need to evaluate the contingency results considering the “actual" switch positions in a substation and compare them to the results considering a different substation configuration (for the same contingency).

To create a switching rule To create a new Switching Rule:

• Edit a Substation, either by right-clicking on the substation busbar from the single line graphic, and from the context-sensitive menu choosing Edit a Substation, or by clicking on an empty place in the substation graphic, and from the context-sensitive menu choosing Edit Substation. This will open the substation dialogue.

• Press the Select button ( ) in the Switching Rule section and select New. . .

• The new Switching Rule dialogue pops up, where a name and the switching actions can be spec-ified. The switching actions are arranged in a matrix where the rows represent the switches and the columns the fault locations. By default the fault locations (columns) correspond to the number of busbars and bay-ends contained inside the substation, while the switches correspond only to the circuit breakers. The user can nevertheless add/remove fault locations and/or switches from the Configuration page. The switch action of every defined breaker in the matrix can be changed by double clicking on the corresponding cell, as illustrated in Figure9.2.7. Press afterwardsOk.

• The new switching rule is automatically stored inside the substation element.

Figure 9.2.7: Switching Rule Dialogue

To select a Switching Rule

A Switching Rule can be selected in the Basic Data page of a substation dialogue (ElmSubstat) by:

• Opening the substation dialogue.

• Pressing the Select button ( ) in the Switching Rule section. A list of all Switching Rules for the current substation is displayed.

• Selecting the desired Switching Action.

To apply a Switching Rule

A Switching Rule can be applied to the corresponding substation by pressing theApply button from within the switching rule dialogue. This will prompt the user to select the corresponding fault locations (busbars) in order to copy the statuses stored in the switching rule directly in the substation switches.

Here, the user has the option to select either a single fault location, a group or all of them.

The following functional aspects must be regarded when working with switching rules:

• A switching rule can be selected for each substation. By default the selection of a switching rule in a substation is not recorded in the operation scenario. However, this information can defined as part of an operational scenario by using the Scenario Configuration object (see Chapter 14:

Operation Scenarios).

9.2. DEFINING NETWORK MODELS WITH THE GRAPHICAL EDITOR

• If a variation is active the selection of the Switching Rule is stored in the recording expansion stage; that is considering that the Scenario Configuration object hasn’t been properly set.

To assign a Switching Rule

TheAssign button contained in the switching rule dialogue allows to set it as the one currently selected for the corresponding substation. This action is also available in the context-sensitive menu in the data manager (when right-clicking on a switching rule inside the data manager).

To preview a Switching Rule

ThePreview button contained in the switching rule dialogue allows to display in a separate window the different switch actions for the different fault locations of the corresponding substation.