A Novel H Shaped Reconfigurable Patch Antenna For IoT And Wireless Applications

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International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-7, May 2019

Abstract: In this paper proposed a novel H shaped patch antenna for IoT and wireless applications. The H-shaped patch antenna is designed to operate at 1GHz,2.4GHz,10GHz and 18Ghz which is used for space communication. To achieve re-configurability pin diode is placed between H-shape patch and feed line. which acts as a switch to change the operating band from one frequency to another frequency. The projected antenna is apt for UWB spectrum communication. The patch is designed on FR4 epoxy substrate.

Keywords:Reconfigurable antenna, UWB antenna, IoT

I. INTRODUCTION

IoT is ever budding network. It is continuous device to device connectivity. Antenna plays an important role in communication.A key design challenge is to choose the ri ght antenna for an application. It improves data rates , as well as increases the efficiency. Internet of things is network of devices which enables the things to associate, collaborate and trade information. . The explosive growth of the internet of things and brilliant modern applications creates numerous scientific and engineering challenges that require smart research efforts from both academia and industry to improve efficient, cost - effective, scalable and reliable IoT antenna systems. Antenna systems are used to essentially improve the field of IoT and in numerous applications corresponding remote sensing , satellite communiqué, navigation systems, GPS etc. To implement IoT devices several miniaturized antennas have been proposed. In which frequency operates at different bands . The major issue with IoT gadgets is they have even less space accessible for antennas. To overcome this issue miniaturized antenna are designed. A frequency and divergence re configurable antenna presented in [1] is achieved by using this antenna we can switch its operating frequency and polarization over a wide range of values where it operates on certain 6 different polarization states. A wideband slot ring antenna with frequency and pattern reconfiguration is designed in [2]this antenna uses 2 PIN diodes To create two separate frequency bands and two additional PIN diodes to get (or) achieve reconfiguration at a frequencies of 3.4-3.8GHz, 3.7-4.2GHz(c-band) are covered with radiation patterns. By altering the state of the end which is allied to square loop antenna for obtaining LP physiognomies we can correct polarization features .

Revised Manuscript Received on May 07, 2019.

A. VamseeKrishna, Department of ECE, , Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India

B.T.P. Madhav, Department of ECE, , Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India.

R.Avinash, Department of ECM, , Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India.

Koukab Department of ECM, , Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India

A dual band polarization reconfigurable antenna It is a suitable for mobile satellite communications and for wireless communications is achieved[3]. A reconfigurable slot ring antenna is presented [4] which can work on two 1.76/5.71 GHz bands. It depends on the switching status of the PIN diode. This antenna can remain cast-off by means of component of range array. In those reconfigurable bands, the bandwidths are 7.8% and 11.3%.This designed antenna is adjusted to regulation ratio re-configurable antenna range arrangement and the obtained tuning ratio is 4:1 reconfigurable probe arrangement with frequency discernment application analyzed [5].In [6],Pattern and polarization reconfigurable antenna is proposed. To operate at same regularity band and the antenna will be reconfigured with 12 PIN diodes at three different modes. It can be used to develop the operating bandwidth of the antenna. reconfigurable FP resonator antenna for WLAN/Wi MAX applications is presented. Broad operating band is obtained through three different combinations of frequency resonances. Feeding antenna is designed [7] to get polarization reconfigurability which switches between horizontal and straight up rectilinear polarization by using ON/OFF situations of four sets of PIN diodes. A compact antenna is proposed which provides UWB and has a size of 15*20*1.5 mm^3 .It satisfies all the antenna characteristics. . For s -band, c -band, x -band submissions and satellite communication applications the proposed compact antenna can be used A compact antenna is proposed which provides UWB and has a size of 15*20*1.5 mm^3 .It satisfies all the antenna is analyzed [8]. Moreover in [9] dual-polarized reconfigurable niche ring antenna intended to provide bandwidth .By achieving frequency reconfigurabiility(c & s band functioning states) we can activate selected aperture slot rings by placing 8 PIN diodes inside the slot. A wideband polarization reeconfigurable antenna is presented [10] it activates on two different modes .In mode 1 wideband operates in Omni directional and mode 2 wideband operates at directional. A micro strip circular disc monopole antenna is proposed in [11] .It operates on certain bandwidth of 10db .it is used in communication purpose in cognitive radios(crs).For narrow band varactor diodes are employed it operates on two frequencies 3.9 to 4.82. Radio Frequency Micro

electromechanical schemes (RF MEMS) based

reconfigurable antenna is shown[12]. It operates on the UnitedStates Free Care bands are presented. It operates on dual frequency of4960MHZand 718MHZ.

A Novel H-Shaped Reconfigurable Patch

Antenna For IoT And Wireless Applications

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A re configurable patch antenna with rounded polarization range and frequency agility by means of switch i.e, shortening pins is shown in [13]. To design these switchable shorting pins, PIN diodes are used. Polarization and frequency can be selected by adjusting ON or OFF phase of diodes. A re-configurable printed inverted F probe is achieved and represented in [14] .It is used in WLAN applications. Monopole antenna consists of one parasitic element and one main radiator .Antenna is capable of switching from polarization and pattern of 205MHZ bandwidth. A multiband ,dual polarization dual antenna is proposed. Antenna supports WLAN of 2.5GHZ to 5.75GHZ.It is used in small cell indoor wireless base stations. it operates at bandwidth less than -7db as shown in [15]. In addition to those a novel broad band high gain vertical planar printed antenna is designed .For high bandwidth micro strip-to-coplanar strip line transition .polarization levels obtained are less than -23db. Hsr structure is designed for high gain and good radiation patterns is respectively demonstrated in [16]. An effective miniaturization technique for PQHA based on simple sinusoidal is proposed in [17].The designed antenna has good size reduction and radiation performance. It has a gain of less than 3db.It is used in telemetry applications .In [18] , A S shaped antenna is designed .A thicker substrate is used. A fed corner shorted SMSA is used for more bandwidth. This U-shape antenna is proposed in [19] for cable modem applications. It uses WLAN2.4GHZ band .The substrate used is fr4 .This antenna operates at bandwidth larger than 60%.This antenna is designed small in size and has good performance . A compact printed monopole band notch antenna is presented in [20]. VSWR is less than 2 .Gain of this antenna over Uwb is 0.5 to 6db.It operates at bandwidth of 2.9GHz to 16GHz.Notchband operates at frequency of 7.25 GHZ to 7.825GHz.In [21] , the projected antenna works at frequency of 2.45 , 5.5 , 7.5GHz obtains return loss less than -10dB.for above 3 frequencies VSWR is less than 2%.Proposed antenna is suitable for Bluetooth, wifi and wireless LAN applications. To achieve switching mechanism 3 diodes are used. Antenna operates one of frequencies either 2.45GHz or 5.5 GHz or 7.5 GHz for diode ON and OFF condition. A notch band antenna has been presented in [22].Designed antenna is useful in UWB communication .cutting slots and monopole configuration is analyzed. For switching mechanism , ON and OFF condition of notch band, antenna with slots has been designed. For proposed antenna VSWR is < 2 in operating band . Antenna provides gain more than 5dB with closed switches and in open switches gain is more than 5.2dB.In this paper [23] A switchable antenna has been proposed and analyzed . All antenna parameters with respect to switching are designed and analyzed. Radiation characteristics and gain parameters are simulated . Time domain analysis represents the pulse fidelity value more than 0.5 and VSWR of proposed antenna is , less than 2 . The proposed model is easy to fabricate and used in UWB applications. In this paper [24] A reconfigurable UWB antenna is designed. By using switching mechanism antenna is portable to work in different narrow bands. slots present in antenna weakens or strengthens the current

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The widespread band breach in the EBG construction is achieved by keeping the fractal patterns radius to period ratio larger than 0.5 in the entire structure. A novel hybrid slot aperture micros trip patch antenna has been designed and different dielectric materials observe its performance evaluation. The proposed hybrid slot antenna resonates on a dual band with the exception of air and Plexiglas substrate material in [35]. To provide an inexpensive key for communication applications. A planar array of dimensions 6X6 with a side lobe of 25 dB in both the E and H - planes is studied and manufactured on the 0.787 mm thick FR4 substratum to demonstrate the usefulness of the suggested technique in [36].

II. DESIGN OF H-SHAPED ANTENNA

[image:3.595.341.512.54.339.2]

The working method of the reconfigurable antenna . It is the internal working of the patch antenna to achieve reconfigurability in series manner as shown in the given figure. In the proposed antenna FR-4 epoxy substrate is used. The substrate is used has permittivity of ɛ=4.4 and it is inexpensive material where we can achieve better results.

Fig-1.Equivalent RLC circuit for RF PIN diodes width of metallic patch(w), calculate using equation

0

2

_r _r

1 v

w

f







where ,

v

₀ is velocity of light

The actual length of the metallic patch(L), can be calculated using equation

0 0

1

2

_r _{r eff}

L

f



 



 

where,

1 2

1

1 1 12

2

r r

r eff

h

w







 







_



_





(

0.3)(

0.264)

0.412 (

0.258)(

0.8)

r eff

w

L

_h

w

h









[image:3.595.114.229.392.512.2]





Fig. 2a : The geometry of the novel H-shape reconfigurable patch antenna: Front view

Fig 2b: Back view

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Parameter Table

Antenna Design parameters(unit :mm)

Parameter Values (mm) Parameter Values (mm)

Ls 22.5 Wp1 4

Lf1 12 Wp2 2

Lf 22 Wf 1

Lp 8 Wf1 8

Wg 2 Ws 8

Fig 3a: Evolution of antenna with pin diode

Fig 3b: back view

III. DESIGNING OF H-SHAPE ANTENNA AND RESULTS

Characterization of proposed antenna: The stimulated and measured results are proposed in the designed antenna, we used CST Microwave studio to pretend the antenna for the IoT Applications. The list of parameters are in the study regarding to S- Parameters, Radiation pattern and current calculations.

A. S-Parameters

[image:4.595.327.518.307.423.2]

It is a mathematical representation of how RF energy propagates in a multiport n/w. It is simple to analyze the results

[image:4.595.346.503.503.614.2]

Fig. 4a: Simulated S-parameters for the proposed antenna in ON state operated at these frequencies 1GHz,18GHz as shown in the Fig.4a and these frequencies are used in the radio and satellite communication.

Fig. 4b: Simulated S-parameters for the proposed antenna in ON state operated at these frequencies 1.2GHz,2.4GHz and 10GHz as shown in the Fig.4b and these frequencies are used in the radio,WiFi and satellite communication.

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[image:5.595.87.247.69.235.2]

Fig. 6: Simulated S-parameters for the proposed antenna and the G-shape antenna [A compressed reconfigurable extreme-wideband G-shaped reproduced antenna with

band-serrated distinctive by Mehmet

Yerlikaya].Comparatively both the antenna results are useful for the wireless applications.

B. Radiation Pattern

A plot of radiation characteristics of antenna as a function of



and



for constant radial distance r and frequency f is called radiation pattern of antenna. It is measured at fixed distance 'r' and at fixed frequency 'f'.



varies from 0 to



.



varies from 0 to 2.we should not take less than

2

2 D

 ,we cannot have proper radiation pattern. distance

should be minimum 2

2D

 Radiation source is always

connected through voltage between two connectors.

Fig. 7a: The above Far field result shows that the frequency at 3.6GHz and operates at dual band as shown in above Fig.

Fig. 7b: The above Far field result shows that the frequency at 2.4GHz and operates at dual band as shown in above Fig.

Fig. 7c: The above Far field result shows that the frequency at 7.2GHz and operates at dual band as shown in above Fig.

Fig. 7d: The above Far field result shows that the frequency at 10.46GHz and operates at dual band as shown in above Fig.

[image:5.595.343.527.430.530.2]

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[image:6.595.101.272.239.389.2]

Fig. 8b: The above Far field result shows that the frequency at 7.2GHz and operates at dual band as shown in above Fig.

[image:6.595.97.284.437.585.2]

Fig. 8c: The above Far field result shows that the frequency at 3.6GHz and operates at dual band as shown in above Fig.

Fig. 8d: The above Far field result shows that the frequency at 7.2GHz and operates at dual band as shown in above Fig.

C. Current Distributions

q t

I

d



Current is distributed among two conductors with magnitude of 0

2

i ,it is distributed equally among two

conductors. The travelling current from source end when it reaches to cable end as it reaches end undergoes phase shift of 180 degrees. It combines with incident travelling wave and forms standing wave or sinusoidal wave.

2 l



_{ }

_

_{IT HAS}₂_LOBES

3

2 l



_{ }

_

_{IT HAS 3}_LOBES

Fig. 9a: Surface current(10.46GHz in ON state) The above Fig.9a shows that the antenna in ON State the radiation is distributed greatly to the H-shape patch.

Fig. 9b: Surface current(2.43GHz in OFF state)

[image:6.595.378.472.442.674.2]

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IV. CONCLUSION

In this paper , a H-shaped radiator is presented for the UWB applications. The structure has total size f 8x27.5mm2 with H-radiator of 8x8mm2 and the ground of 8x12.75mm2 . The total patch is double sided copper with FR4 epoxy as substrate . The PIN diode act as a switch to control the current flow where we can achieve reconfigurability. therefore, the proposed antenna has good characteristics of reconfigurability.

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AUTHORS PROFILE

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B.T.P.MADHAV was born in India, A.P, in 1981. He received the B.Sc., M.Sc., MBA, M.Tech degrees from Nagarjuna University, A.P, India in 2001, 2003, 2007, and 2009 correspondingly. He became a Ph.D holder in the field of antennas from K L University. At present he is working as Professor and Communication Systems exploration. Head in the Electronics and Communication Engineering department. He has in book form more than 268 publications in International, National papers and Conferences. He is assessor for numerous international journals counting Elsevier, Springer and Taylor and Francis and assisted as assessor for numerous intercontinental conferences. His research benefits include antennas, liquid crystals tenders and wireless communications. He is a fellow of IEEE and life fellow of ISTE, IACSIT, IRACST, IAENG, UACEE and fellow of IAEME. He is also a journalistic panel member for 26 journals. He is substitute as Sub-Editor for IJST. He authored seven books and supervisory 8 Ph.D. scholars.

R.AVINASH is a UG Student in K L UNIVERSITY and belongs to the branch Electronics and Computer Engineering. His areas of interests are Internet of Things.

KOUKAB is a UG Student in KL UNIVERSITY and belongs to the branch Electronics and Computer Engineering. His areas of interests are Internet of Things.