THOSE LOOK FAMILIAR…•

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Jan 1610:58 AM

Warm Up1 :

• Write from memory the definitions of:

• Valence e‐

• Cation

• Anion

• Octet Rule

• Isotope

Jan 1610:58 AM

THOSE LOOK FAMILIAR…

• Name these cmpds:

NaCl

Ionic or Covalent?

CO2

Ionic or Covalent?

Jan 1610:58 AM

Nomenclature

(naming compounds and writing formulas)

In Chemistry there are:

Symbols (for elements ; we call them atoms)

• ex. Na or Cl

Formulas (for compounds; we call them molecules or formula units)

• Ex. NaCl or CO2

Equations (for reactions)

• Ex. 2Na(l) + Cl2(g) → 2NaCl(s)

Jan 1610:58 AM There are two types of compounds:

Ionic (start with a metal or a positive polyatomic ion); M&NM

• Called formula units

• Have high melting points (why? crystalline solid)

• Electrolytic in their molten or aqueous state

• Solid at room temperature

• Have a crystalline structure (think salt…)

• Soluble in water

Covalent (start with a nonmetal); NM & NM

• Called molecules

• Low melting points (think butter…)

• Volatile (evaporates into the air easily)

• Non‐electrolytic

Compound Formulas Ex. SO3

Tells us:

• types of element in the compound

• How many atoms of each

• The way the compound is bonded and therefore its properties

Tells us if a molecular or ionic cmpd… definitions?

Which of the following compounds are:

• electrolytic?

• Which are volatile?

• Probably soluble?

Na2S SCl4 Al₂O₃

KF F2 OF2

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Jan 1610:58 AM

Pull out Polyatomic Ions Sheet

• Start to memorize these!

• Always use parentheses, please!

Jan 1610:58 AM

Writing compound formulas:

Ionic:

• get the symbol and charge of the ions from periodic table

• Monatomic ions table (pg 192)

• Polyatomic ion sheet

• Criss‐cross charges (making the atom electrically neutral)

Covalent:

• Make subscripts out of prefixes from the name

• Mono‐1

• Di‐2

• Tri‐3

• Tetra‐4

• Penta – 5

• Hexa‐6

• Hepta‐7

• Octa ‐ 8

Jan 1610:58 AM

How to get charges from the periodic table:

• All atoms want to have 8 valence e‐ = very stable!

• Count to the nearest noble gas (skip T‐metals)

• Does the atom have to gain or lose e‐ to get to that noble gas?

Jan 1610:58 AM Always: Zn ²⁺, Ag ¹⁺

Tin = Sn ²⁺ or ⁴⁺

Cobalt = Co ²⁺ or ³⁺

Jan 1610:58 AM

Transition Metals – variability in charges (Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Sn, Cr, Mn, Co)

• Stock System

• Roman numerals after name (tells you charge!)

• Ex: Copper (II) Chloride

• Classical System

• Root word, “ous” (cation smaller of the two possible ionic charges) or “ic” (cation larger of the two possible)

… unsure of charge though

• Ex: Cupruous Chloride

Jan 1610:58 AM

How do I know?

• Contains prefixes … molecular cmpd… use prefixes to write formula!

• No prefixes … ionic cmpd… use criss cross to write formula!

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Jan 1610:58 AM BI/ BM/ T Formula sulfur trioxide

Iron (III) carbonate barium bromide

tin (II) fluoride

magnesium oxide

Jan 1610:58 AM BI/ BM/ T Formula sulfur hexafluoride

Aluminum acetate diphosphorus sulfide

potassium nitrite ammonium chloride

Jan 1610:58 AM BI/ BM/ T Formula chlorine monoxide

silicon tetrachloride

chlorine trifluoride

beryllium oxide

magnesium fluoride

Jan 1610:58 AM

Diatomic molecules ‐ Halogens H2

Cl2

F2

Br2

N2

O2

Bond with a classmate Activity!

Rules:

1. When you find another ion with which you can bond, write in each symbol and charge.

2. Then write the new compound formed by combining the two. Give the compound‛s name.

** Remember - Positive ions can only bond with negative ions and vice versa!

+ Ion - Ion Compound Name

Mg ²⁺ Cl ^1- MgCl2 Magnesium Chloride

Make polyatomic ion flash cards

• “ate” = 1 more O… ate another O

• “‐ite” = 1 less O

• “hypo‐” = 2 less O

• “‐ium” = ammonium, hydronium

• “‐ide ion” = hydroxide ion, cyanide ion

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Jan 1610:58 AM

WU 2:

• Study for Ionic vs Covalent Quiz

Jan 1610:58 AM

Quiz

Jan 1610:58 AM

Naming Compounds

Ionic:

Name the ions

~ Polyatomic ions

‐ do not change name

~ Monatomic cations

‐ Do not change name Ex. Mg = magnesium

Mg ²⁺ = magnesium

~ Of transition metals

‐ Include the charge of the ion in parentheses (you will have to calculate the charge)

Ex. SnCl2 tin(II)

Jan 1610:58 AM Ionic cont…

• Monatomic anions

~ Drop the last syllable (or two) and add the suffix ‐ide

Ex. Cl = chlorine Cl^‐ = chloride F = fluorine F^‐= fluoride

Jan 1610:58 AM Covalent:

Add prefixes to names of elements to indicate the number of atoms present. End the second element in – ide.

• If there is only 1 atom of the first element, do not put a prefix Mono‐1

Di‐2 Tri‐3 Tetra‐4 Penta – 5 Hexa‐6 Hepta‐ 7 Octa – 8

Ex. ClO7 N₃F2

Jan 1610:58 AM

Who am I?

Ca(NO3)2

ALWAYS PUT PARENTHESES ON POLYATOMIC IONS!

• ^H⁺^+ CO³^2‐ à H2CO3

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Jan 1610:58 AM

Acid Nomenclature Rules pg 272

Jan 1610:58 AM

Acid Nomenclature

Acids are compound that have an “acidic hydrogen” ion (H in front)

• Naming acids:

~ Binary Acids (HNm) To name use form:

Hydro__________ic acid

• Ternary acids (HXO)

~ No hydro

~ If polyatomic ion ends in ate, drop –ate and add –ic acid

~ If poyatomic ion ends in –ite, drop –ite and add ‐ous acid

Jan 1610:58 AM Examples:

HCl H2S HClO2

HNO3

HCN H2CO3 You Try:

HF H3N HNO2

Jan 1610:58 AM Writing formulas for acids

• Treat like it is ionic

~If it starts with hydro it is bonded to a NM from the PToE

~If no hydro‐ bonded to a polyatomic ion

Ex.

Chromic acid Acetic acid Perchloric acid

You try:

Hydrophosphoric acid Phosporic acid Hypochlorous acid Sulfurous acid Sulfuric acid Hydrosulfuric acid

Stations: 10 mins each (1) CUBE IT!

...Roll a cube to get a cmpd or roll 2 cubes to make cmpds!

(2) Sweet 16 Ions Tournament

You know which are soluble in water (3) Sweet 16 Cmpd Tournament

Molar mass is the sum mass of all atoms in the cmpd

(4) Practice on your PS 9 & Make polyatomic ion cards

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Feb 194:22 PM

WU: Study for Nomenclature Quiz Any Questions from PS 9??

Feb 194:34 PM Quiz:

Feb 194:35 PM Precipitates Lab:

Pre lab Questions 1. Define precipitate.

2. Why does something "precipitate" in solution?

3. What type of change is this?

Feb 194:37 PM The World of Chemistry Video:

The Mole