Quality Improvement for
ICU Rehab, Sedation & Delirium
Dale M. Needham, MD, PhD
Professor, Pulmonary & Critical Care, and Physical Med & Rehab [email protected] @DrDaleNeedham @ICURehab www.hopkinsmedicine.org/OACIS www.mobilization‐network.org
Why are QI methods needed?
4Quality Improvement Methods to
Fill Gap in Translational Super Highway
Pothole in translational superhighway 5Quality Improvement Methods to
Fill Gap in Translational Super Highway
Is there really a pot hole in the
super highway for early ICU rehab?
Where are we going CLINICALLY?
In 783 patients at 116 German ICUs:
Crit Care Med Apr 2014Where are we going CLINICALLY?
In 514 patients at 34 Aus/NZ ICU:
Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010;91:536‐42.More info here…
2. Identify local barriers to implementation:
understand the process and context of work
Understanding barriers specific to the project is key to designing the correct KT intervention(Shojania Health Affairs 2005)J Crit Care. 2010 Jun;25(2):254‐62. • Time requirements and adequate staffing • Need for staff training • Need for team work and coordination • Over‐sedation of ICU patients • Dislodgement of devices (CVC, ETT, feeding tubes) • Worsening gas exchange • Unstable hemodynamics • Inadequate patient comfort, pain control
2. Identify local barriers to implementation:
understand the process and context of work
3. Measure performance
Example performance measures : Staffing: Proportion of ICU patients with no therapy Safety: Safety events during PT Benefits: ICU and Hospital LOS Top Stroke Rehabil 2010;17(4):271–281.Also Rehabilitation‐Specific Metrics…
4. Ensure all patients receive the
interventions
4. Ensure all patients receive the
interventions: Engage
Engage
stakeholders to understand why interventions important Invited patients to return to MICU to share stories (e.g. weakness, physical impairment) Share data regarding MICU performance vs peer hospitals Invite guest speakers to discuss their approach4. Ensure all patients receive the
interventions: Educate
Educate
stakeholders of evidence supporting interventions QI research made available to staff via: ‐ newsletter, posters, bulletin boards & invited speakers PT & OT educate RNs on rehab interventions RT orient PTs to vent settings for ambulating patients 2 large group training sessions held with RTs 16 small group discussions with RNs by MICU MD4. Ensure all patients receive the
interventions: Execute
Execute:
design an intervention “toolkit” targeted at barriers ‐ Tips: standardization, checks/reminders, & convenience Dedicated PT and OT in the MICU Simple guidelines for PT & OT MICU consult Coordinator screens patients & prompts MD for PT referral Patients screened daily by PT/OT for mobilization activity MICU tech assists PT & OT with patient mobilization4. Ensure all patients receive the
interventions: Evaluate
Evaluate:regularly assess performance & unintended problems Review performance measures at weekly meetings Discuss any problems that arise Brainstorm ways to resolve unintended problems4. Ensure all patients receive the
interventions: Evaluate
Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010;91:536‐42. Results of Johns Hopkins MICU Rehab QI Project: Significant ↓ in sedative drug use & deep sedation Median Narc: 71 v. 24 mg/day (p=0.01), Benzo: 47 v. 15 mg/day (p=0.09) MICU days alert: 30 v. 67% (p<0.001) No difference in pain scale (0‐10): 0.6 v. 0.6 (p=0.79) More ICU days without delirium No delirium: 21% vs 53% (p=0.003) ↑ PT consults: 59% vs. 93% of pts (p=0.04) ↓ ICU days with no PT/OT: 41% vs. 7% (p=0.004) ↓ MICU & hosp LOS by 30% and 18%, respec vely (p<0.03)Follow‐up results….
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JHH MICU over 2.5 years (June 2009 – Dec 2011)
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1,110 admissions with >= 1 PT session
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5,267 total PT tx (not individual activities)
–66% of PT days: sitting at edge of bed or higher 38
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JHH MICU over 2.5 years (June 2009 – Dec 2011)
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34 potential safety events in 25 admissions
–0.6% of PT sessions (i.e., 6 per 1000 PT tx) •80% of events = transient physiological (HR, BP, Sp02) –4 events required any Tx (0.08% of all PT tx) •2 NG tube, 1 A‐line, 1 fall with laceration & suture A Quality Improvement Project Sustainably Decreased Time to Onset of Active PT Intervention in ALI Patients M. Zanni, PT, DScPT,•
Objectives – to evaluate:
– Sustainability of MICU early rehab QI over 5yrs – Other factors w/ timing of active PT
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Design: Pre‐post evaluation
– consecutive ARDS patients – pre‐QI (2004‐2007) versus post‐QI (2009‐2012) A Quality Improvement Project Sustainably Decreased Time to Onset of Active PT Intervention in ALI Patients Victor D. Dinglas, MPH, Ann M. Parker, MD, Dereddi Raja S. Reddy, MD, Elizabeth Colantuoni, PhD, Jennifer M. Zanni, PT, DScPT, Alison E. Turnbull, DVM, MPH, PhD, Archana Nelliot, BS, Nancy Ciesla, DPT, MS, Dale M. Needham, FCPA, MD, PhD Annals of the American Thoracic Society, In press Post‐QI earlier PT (HR 8.38, p<0.01) • significant each of 5 yr post‐QI Factors assoc’d with delayed PT: • opioid infusion (0.47, p=0.02) • deep sedation (0.24, p<0.01) • worse organ failure (0.93, p<0.01) • increasing hypoxia (0.86, p=0.04)Early rehab QI assoc’d with BIG decrease in time to onset of active PT and sustained for 5 years Probability of 1stPT in
post vs. pre‐QI
Putting Evidence into Practice:
Crit Care Med 2013;41:1435‐1442 • Engage:
Get clinicians interested in the problem! –Day & night nurses: by nurse educator –Interns & resident physicians: by QI physician champions –Attending physicians: grand rounds & faculty meetings • Educate: new sedation protocol, RASS/CAM, delirium prev’n –For RN: didactics, one‐on‐one teaching, case‐studies, quiz –Physicians: “Sedation and Delirium Survival Card”QI Process: 4 E’s
Hager et al, 2013; Crit Care Med; 41: 1435 ‐ 1442New Sedation Protocol
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Sedation Goal: see below…
‐ RASS goal: 0 ‐ Fentanyl & versed (A‐1) ‐ Avoid infusions, use prn ‐ Initially q 5 min (if needed) ‐ Then q 1‐2hr ‐ Daily stop of prn & infusion ‐ Avoid delirium drugs ‐ Anticipate agitation ‐ Do no use benzo ‐ Use IV haldol (check QTc) Hager et al, 2013; Crit Care Med; 41: 1435 ‐ 1442QI Process: 4 E’s Model
• Execute: – Sedation protocol replaced in EMR – RN reported RASS score + CAM‐ICU at bedside rounds – Super‐users available to answer questions • Evaluate: – Monthly review of barriers by QI team – MICU pharmacist feedback at bedside rounds: • sedation protocol adherence • delirium screening and management – Audit and feedback: • RN ‐‐ regular review of RASS & CAM‐ICU documentation • Overall RASS & CAM‐ICU results for MICU Hager et al, 2013; Crit Care Med; 41: 1435 ‐ 1442 Before QI 10/04 – 4/07 (n=120) After QI 7/09 – 4/11 (n=82) P‐value* Narcotic infusion (% days) 74 (50, 100) 33 (10, 65) <0.001 On Benzodiazepine infusion (% days) ) 70 (46, 94) 22 (0, 50) <0.001 Median RASS Score** ‐4 (‐5, ‐2) ‐1.5 (‐3, 0) <0.001 Awake & Not delirious 0 (0, 18) 19 (0, 50) <0.001Results of QI: Changes in Sedation of ARDS Patients
Median (IQR), “per patient” analysis High severity of illness: median APACHE II = 29ARDS Severity & Day 1 Sedation
(sickest) No sig. dif btwn groups in ARDS severity Half “severe” ARDS Sig. decr in infusions; Only 25‐31% in QI Hager et al. Critical Care Medicine 2013;41: e241‐e243New Target: Sleep Deprivation
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Without heavy sedation, pt not sleeping in ICU
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Sleep disruption risk factor for delirium
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ICU not conducive to sleep
–Need effort to reduce noise & promote sleep Multi‐stage QI project (using SAME QI model): • Baseline (2 mo.): daily sleep–Richards Campbell Sleep Questionnaire – 6 questions • Phase I: Environmental change (1 mo.): –Minimized intercom usage after 10 pm –Bathing and Assessments completed by 10 pm –Lights out in pt rooms by 10 pm –Group RN assessments and tests (eg, morning x‐rays) • Phase II: non‐drug tx(1 mo.): music, ear plug, eye mask • Phase III: med guideline (2 mo.): non‐delirium med to sleep Crit Care Med 2013;41: 800 ‐ 809