Developments toward the unmanned ship

Developments toward the

unmanned ship

Ørnulf Jan RØDSETH, Research Director MARINTEK Dept. Maritime Transport Systems

[email protected]

Hans-Christoph BURMEISTER, Research Associate Fraunhofer Center for Maritime Logistics and Services CML

[email protected]

http://www.unmanned-ship.org

Content

 _{Introduction to MUNIN}

 _{Rationale for unmanned ships}

 _{Main problems with unmanned ship}

 _{MUNIN approach}

Content

 _{Introduction to MUNIN}

 _{Rationale for unmanned ships}

 _{Main problems with unmanned ship}  _{MUNIN approach}

Introduction to MUNIN

 _{Munin ("mind") is one of Odin's two ravens flying out in the morning and}

reporting news of the world to their master in the evening.

 _{Hugin ("thought"), the other raven, is}

also the name of a commercially successful autonomous submarine (AUV).

 _{Here, MUNIN is the name of a new}

Partners in MUNIN

 _{Fraunhofer CML (DE) – Research, Coordinator}

 _{MARINTEK (NO) – Research}

 _{Chalmers (SE) – University}

 _{Hochschule Wismar (DE) – University}

 _{Aptomar (NO) – Industry}

 _{MarineSoft (DE) – Industry}

 _{Marorka (IS) – Industry}

Project details

 _{Duration: 01.09-2012 – 31.08.2015}

 _{Funding: 2.9 million EUR}

 _{Activity code: SST.2012.5.2-5:}

Objectives

 _{Develop and test unmanned ship concepts}

 _{Main technical investigations on}

 _{Technical maintenance for high availability}

 _{Navigation support for unmanned bridge}

 _{Remote operations, shore coordination, including VTS/Pilot/SAR}

 _{Base case is medium size dry bulk carrier}

 _{Verify concept in system of simulators}

 _{Examine legal and contractual constraints}

Content

 _{Introduction to MUNIN}

 _{Rationale for unmanned ships}

 _{Main problems with unmanned ship}  _{MUNIN approach}

Slow steaming

Route Distance [nm] Speed [kn] 16 11 -31% 16 11 -31% Time [d] 14,2 20,6 45% 14,2 20,6 45% Fuel [t] 624,0 288,8 -54% 624,0 288,8 -54% CO2 [t] 1.978,1 915,5 -54% 1.978,1 915,5 -54% Charter [US$] 464.611,9 675.799,1 45% 230.935,0 335.905,4 45% Bunker [US$] 405.613,5 187.722,0 -54% 405.613,5 187.722,0 -54% Total [US$] 870.225,4 863.521,1 -1% 636.548,5 523.627,4 -18% Manning [US$] 33.456,0 48.663,3 45% 33.456,0 48.663,3 45% Manning/Total 3,84% 5,64% 5,26% 9,29% Distances by www.vesseldistance.com 5446 5446 Change due to slow steaming Change due to slow steaming (Charter = average 2006-2010) (Charter = forecast until 2016)

Autonomous Slow Steaming

 _{Environmentally}

 _{Reduce CO2 emissions with 54%}

 _Economically

 _{Offset increased crew costs}

 _Societal

 _{Make crew available for more demanding tasks, closer to home, offset}

Technology also applicable for today's ships

 _{Improved sensor and detection systems}

 _{Less accidents, less stress for seafarer}

 _{Improved technical maintenance strategies}

 _{Less accidents, less off-hire}

 _{Improved ship-shore cooperation}

Content

 _{Introduction to MUNIN}

 _{Rationale for unmanned ships}

 _{Main problems with unmanned ship}

 _{MUNIN approach}

Communication technology and

information transfer

 _{Dependent on trade area and cost one have to expect varying degree of}

Lookout and collission avoidance

 _{Arpa and AIS exist on board.}

 _{Small object detection radar, IR cameras, low light cameras etc. are}

available.

Key challenges are to

integrate sensors and to

classify objects

automatically

System robustness

 _{Today ship safety is to some degree based on the ability to repair}

equipment during voyage.

 _{Autonomous ships need high confidence level for no critical failures}

during sea leg!

 _{Very high reliability and fail-to-safe procedures required!}

New approaches to

component redundancy as

well as preventive

Ship-shore coordination

 _{Ship operator needs a central operations centre ashore.}

 _{Coordination with other entities when necessary:}

 _{Other (autonomous) ships}

 _{Pilot, VTS …}

 _{General ship reporting (FAL, SOLAS)}

 _SAR  _…

Legal and contractual issues

 _{Flag state jurisdiction without master ?}

 _{COLREGS ?}

 _{Insurance and liability ?}

 _{Safety at sea – SAR ?}

 _…

Probably the main problem:

It will take time before we

Content

 _{Introduction to MUNIN}

 _{Rationale for unmanned ships}

 _{Main problems with unmanned ship}

 _{MUNIN approach}

From manned to autonomous

Radar ECDIS Visual … Action Radar ECDIS Visual … Radar ECDIS Visual … Manned Ship Remote Ship Automated Ship Radar Action Action Ge ne ric A lte rn at iv es os is Act ua l

From manned to autonomous

Radar ECDIS Visual … Action Radar ECDIS Visual … Radar ECDIS Visual … Manned Ship Remote Ship Automated Ship Radar ECDIS Autonomous Ship Action Action Ge ne ric A lte rn at iv es bi os is Act ua l

Still requires substantial shore crew !

Not realistic today !

From manned to autonomous

Radar ECDIS Visual … Action Radar ECDIS Visual … Radar ECDIS Visual … Manned Ship Remote Ship Automated Ship Radar Action Action Ge ne ric A lte rn at iv es os is Act ua l

Autonomy vs. uncertainty

Degree of autonomy Degree of uncertainty Fail to safe Automatic Autonomous Intelligent Emergency stop Route keeping Collision avoidance

Onboard route planning

Main operational modes

Automatic Autonomous Remote Fail to safe

Problem

detected Cannot solve contact Lost

Operator back in control Emergency response needed Problem solved

Simulator configuration

e-Maritime ICT Architecture Remote operation Remote VTS, pilot and SAR Anti-collision / autonomous nav. Improved system robustness. VTMIS/Pilot

Fleet operations control Engine systems

Bridge systems

Health monitoring and planned maintenance

Legal and contractual changes Cooperative decision support Actual data Efficient operation Actual data Actual data Improved ICT architecture. Improved operational procedures Application to other shipping types Internet

Simulator configuration

e-Maritime ICT Architecture Remote operation Remote VTS, pilot and SAR Anti-collision / autonomous nav. Improved system robustness. VTMIS/Pilot

Fleet operations control Engine systems

Bridge systems

Health monitoring and planned maintenance

Legal and contractual changes Cooperative decision support Actual data Efficient operation Actual data Actual data Improved ICT architecture. Improved operational procedures Application to other shipping types Internet

Simulator configuration

e-Maritime ICT Architecture Remote operation Remote VTS, pilot and SAR Anti-collision / autonomous nav. Improved system robustness. VTMIS/Pilot

Fleet operations control Engine systems

Bridge systems

Health monitoring and planned maintenance

Legal and contractual changes Cooperative decision support Actual data Efficient operation Actual data Actual data Improved ICT architecture. Improved operational procedures Application to other shipping types

Simulator configuration

e-Maritime ICT Architecture Remote operation Remote VTS, pilot and SAR Anti-collision / autonomous nav. Improved system robustness. VTMIS/Pilot

Fleet operations control Engine systems

Bridge systems

Health monitoring and planned maintenance

Legal and contractual changes Cooperative decision support Actual data Efficient operation Actual data Actual data Improved ICT architecture. Improved operational procedures Application to other shipping types

Content

 _{Introduction to MUNIN}

 _{Rationale for unmanned ships}

 _{Main problems with unmanned ship}  _{MUNIN approach}

Is the autonomous ship possible?

 _{Technology is mostly available: Need to be integrated and improved}

 _{Integration in maritime transport system is a challenge: Shore, other}

ships, SAR

What will MUNIN contribute?

 _{Demonstration and tests of the technical issues}

 _{Legal and cost-benefit analysis}