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Exercise 7: Respiratory System Mechanics: Activity 2: Comparative Spirometry Lab
Exercise 7: Respiratory System Mechanics: Activity 2: Comparative Spirometry Lab ReportReport Pre-lab Quiz Results
Pre-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly. You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly. 1.
1. A normal A normal resting tidal resting tidal volume is volume is expected to expected to be aroundbe around You correctly answered: d. 500 ml.
You correctly answered: d. 500 ml. 2.
2. Which respiratory Which respiratory process is process is impaired the impaired the most by most by emphysema?emphysema? You correctly answered: c. expiration
You correctly answered: c. expiration 3.
3. During During an an asthma asthma attackattack
You correctly answered: b. inspiration and
You correctly answered: b. inspiration and expiration are impaired.expiration are impaired. 4.
4. During moderate During moderate aerobic exercise, aerobic exercise, which respiratory which respiratory variable increases tvariable increases the most?he most? You correctly answered: a. tidal volume
You correctly answered: a. tidal volume 5.
5. Inhaler medications Inhaler medications for an for an asthma patasthma patient are ient are designed todesigned to You correctly answered: b. dilate the
03/11/14 03/11/14 page page 22 Experiment Results Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question: Predict Question 1:
Predict Question 1: With emphysema, there is With emphysema, there is a significant loss of elastic recoil in the lung ta significant loss of elastic recoil in the lung tissue and a noticeable,issue and a noticeable, exhausting muscular effort is required for each expiration.
exhausting muscular effort is required for each expiration. Inspiration actually becomes easier because the lung Inspiration actually becomes easier because the lung is nowis now overly compliant.
overly compliant.
What lung values will change (from those of the normal patient) in the spirogram when the patient with emphysema is What lung values will change (from those of the normal patient) in the spirogram when the patient with emphysema is selected (select all that apply)?
selected (select all that apply)? Your answer
Your answer : b. : b. ERV ERV d. RV d. RV g. FEV1 g. FEV1 h. FEV1 h. FEV1 (%)(%) Predict Question 2:
Predict Question 2: During an acute asthma attackDuring an acute asthma attack, airway resistance is significantly increased by , airway resistance is significantly increased by (1) increased thick(1) increased thick mucous secretions and (2) airway smooth muscle spasms.
mucous secretions and (2) airway smooth muscle spasms. What lung values will
What lung values will change (from those of the normal patient) in change (from those of the normal patient) in the spirogram when the patient suffering an the spirogram when the patient suffering an acute asthmaacute asthma attack is selected (select all that apply)?
attack is selected (select all that apply)? Your
Your answer answer : : a. a. TV TV d. d. RV RV e. e. FVC FVC g. g. FEV1 FEV1 h. h. FEV1 (%FEV1 (%)) Predict Question 3:
Predict Question 3: When an acute asthma attack occurs, many people seek relief from the increased airway resistance byWhen an acute asthma attack occurs, many people seek relief from the increased airway resistance by using an inhaler. This device atomizes the medication and induces bronchiole dilation (though it can also contain an
using an inhaler. This device atomizes the medication and induces bronchiole dilation (though it can also contain an anti-inflammatory agent).
anti-inflammatory agent).
What lung values will change back to those of the normal patient in the spirogram after the asthma patient uses an inhaler What lung values will change back to those of the normal patient in the spirogram after the asthma patient uses an inhaler (select all that apply)?
(select all that apply)? Your
Your answer answer : : a. a. TV TV b. b. ERV ERV c. c. IRV IRV d. d. RV RV e. e. FVC FVC g. g. FEV1 FEV1 h. h. FEV1 FEV1 (%)(%) Predict Question 4:
Predict Question 4: During moderate aerobic exercise, tDuring moderate aerobic exercise, the human body will change its respiratory he human body will change its respiratory cycle in order to meetcycle in order to meet increased metabolic demands. During heavy exercise, further changes
increased metabolic demands. During heavy exercise, further changes in respiration are required to meet the in respiration are required to meet the extremeextreme metabolic demands of the body.
metabolic demands of the body.
Which lung value will change more during moderate exercise, the ERV or the IRV? Which lung value will change more during moderate exercise, the ERV or the IRV? Your answer : b. ERV
Your answer : b. ERV Stop & Think Questions: Stop & Think Questions:
When obstructive lung disease develops, what happens to the FEV1 (%)? When obstructive lung disease develops, what happens to the FEV1 (%)? You correctly answered: b. It decreases.
You correctly answered: b. It decreases.
Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FVC in this patient? Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FVC in this patient? You correctly answered: b. It decreased.
You correctly answered: b. It decreased.
Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FEV1 in this patient? Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FEV1 in this patient? You correctly answered: b. It decreased.
You correctly answered: b. It decreased.
Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FVC in this patient? Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FVC in this patient? You correctly answered: b. It decreased.
You correctly answered: b. It decreased.
Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FEV1 in this patient? Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FEV1 in this patient? You correctly answered: b. It decreased.
Which values in this spirogram have
Which values in this spirogram have not not returned to those of the normal patient returned to those of the normal patient (select all that apply)?(select all that apply)?
You cor
You correctly rectly answered: answered: c. c. IRV IRV d. d. RV RV e. e. FVC FVC g. g. FEV1FEV1 For both types of exercise, the tidal
For both types of exercise, the tidal volumes and breathing rates were increased. Compared wivolumes and breathing rates were increased. Compared with normal values, did tidalth normal values, did tidal volume or breathing rate increase more during
volume or breathing rate increase more during moderate exercise? (Determine the percentage by which each moderate exercise? (Determine the percentage by which each valuevalue changed.)
changed.)
You correctly answered: b. tidal volume You correctly answered: b. tidal volume Experiment Data: Experiment Data: P Paattiieennt t TTyyppee TTVV EERRVV IIRRVV RVRV FFVVCC TTLLCC FEFEVV11 FFEEVV1 1 ((%%)) H Heeaavvy y EExxeerrcciissee 33665500 775500 606000 11000000 NNDD 66000000 NNDD NNDD M
Mooddeerraatte e EExxeerrcciissee 11887755 11112255 22000000 11000000 NNDD 66000000 NNDD NNDD A
Asstthhmma a AAttttaacck k PPlluus s IInnhhaalleerr 550000 11550000 22880000 11220000 44880000 60600000 33884400 8800%% A Accuutte e AAsstthhmma a AAttttaacckk 330000 775500 22770000 22225500 33775500 60600000 11550000 4400%% E Emmpphhyysseemmaa 550000 775500 22000000 27275500 33225500 66000000 11662255 5500%% N Noorrmmaall 550000 11550000 33000000 11000000 55000000 66000000 44000000 8800%%
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Post-lab Quiz Results Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly. You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly. 1.
1. Which of Which of the following the following respiratory values respiratory values represents a represents a decreaseddecreased flow rate flow rate during the obstructive lung disease(s)? during the obstructive lung disease(s)?
You correctly answered: c. FEV1 You correctly answered: c. FEV1 2.
2. Calculate the ERV of Calculate the ERV of an individual with the an individual with the following respiratory volumes: following respiratory volumes: TLC = 6000 ml, TLC = 6000 ml, FVC = 4800 ml, FVC = 4800 ml, RV = 1200RV = 1200 ml, IRV = 2900 ml, TV = 500 ml.
ml, IRV = 2900 ml, TV = 500 ml. You correctly answered: d. 1400 ml You correctly answered: d. 1400 ml 3.
3. Calculate the FVC of Calculate the FVC of an individual with the an individual with the following respiratory volumes: following respiratory volumes: RV = 1000 ml, RV = 1000 ml, IRV = 3000 mIRV = 3000 ml, TV = 500 l, TV = 500 ml,ml, ERV = 1500 ml.
ERV = 1500 ml.
You correctly answered: b. 5000 ml You correctly answered: b. 5000 ml 4.
4. What is What is the largest the largest volume for volume for the normal the normal patient?patient? You correctly answered: a. IRV
You correctly answered: a. IRV 5.
5. What happened to What happened to the RV for the RV for the emphysema patthe emphysema patient and the astient and the asthmatic patient?hmatic patient? You correctly answered: d. It increased for both
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03/11/14 page page 88 Review Sheet Results
Review Sheet Results 1.
1. What lung values changed What lung values changed (from those (from those of the normal of the normal patient) in the patient) in the spirogram when the spirogram when the patient with emphysema patient with emphysema waswas selected?
selected? Why did these values change as they Why did these values change as they did? How well did the results compare with your did? How well did the results compare with your prediction?prediction? Your answer:
Your answer:
My prediction was off just by one value (e) FVC. There was an airway resistence due to the increase in mucous secretion. My prediction was off just by one value (e) FVC. There was an airway resistence due to the increase in mucous secretion. 2.
2. Which of these Which of these two parameters two parameters changed more for changed more for the patient with emthe patient with emphysema, the FVC physema, the FVC or the FEV1?or the FEV1? Your answer:
Your answer:
The FEV1 changed significantly from 4000 to 1625. The FEV1 changed significantly from 4000 to 1625. 3.
3. What lung values changed What lung values changed (from those (from those of the normal of the normal patient) in the patient) in the spirogram when the spirogram when the patient experiencing an acutpatient experiencing an acutee asthma attack was selected? Why did these values change as they did? How well did the results compare with your asthma attack was selected? Why did these values change as they did? How well did the results compare with your prediction?
prediction? Your answer: Your answer:
I had all the values except one which was the ERV(b). The values changed due to the increased mucous changes. I had all the values except one which was the ERV(b). The values changed due to the increased mucous changes. 4.
4. How is having an acutHow is having an acute asthma attace asthma attack similar to having k similar to having emphysema? How is emphysema? How is it different?it different? Your answer:
Your answer:
Both an acute asthma attack and emphysema cause
Both an acute asthma attack and emphysema cause a contriction and pinch close a contriction and pinch close before expiration is completed.before expiration is completed. Unlikeemphysema elastic recoil of lung is not diminished during an asthma attack.
Unlikeemphysema elastic recoil of lung is not diminished during an asthma attack. 5.
5. Describe the effect Describe the effect that the inhaler that the inhaler medication had on tmedication had on the asthmatic patient. he asthmatic patient. Did all spirogram values Did all spirogram values return to "normreturn to "normal"?al"? Why do you think some values did not return all the way to normal? How well did the results compare with your prediction? Why do you think some values did not return all the way to normal? How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer:
Your answer:
My prediction was wrong the
My prediction was wrong the only values that will only values that will return back to normal are TV(a), ERV(b), TLC(f) and return back to normal are TV(a), ERV(b), TLC(f) and FEV-1%(h).FEV-1%(h). Asthmamedication causes the smooth muscle phasam to relax, thus
Asthmamedication causes the smooth muscle phasam to relax, thus increasing air way diameter therefore it is increasing air way diameter therefore it is much easiermuch easier forgreater percentage of gases to be expelled in one second upon application of inhaler TV, ERV, TLC and FEV1%
forgreater percentage of gases to be expelled in one second upon application of inhaler TV, ERV, TLC and FEV1%
increasedto normal levels IRV, RV increased above normal levels and FEV1 decreased slightly below normal level. Despite increasedto normal levels IRV, RV increased above normal levels and FEV1 decreased slightly below normal level. Despite themedication allowing for greater air movement the patient
themedication allowing for greater air movement the patient is asthemic because the lateral value is asthemic because the lateral value will never reach normal.will never reach normal. 6.
6. How much of an How much of an increase in FEV1 do increase in FEV1 do you think is required you think is required for it to for it to be considered significantly imbe considered significantly improved by theproved by the medication?
medication? Your answer: Your answer:
There should be able to see an increase in the FEV 1% from 40% to over 80% of the normal level to be There should be able to see an increase in the FEV 1% from 40% to over 80% of the normal level to be consideredsignificantly improved from medication.
consideredsignificantly improved from medication. 7.
7. With moderate aerWith moderate aerobic exercise, which changed obic exercise, which changed more from normore from normal breathing, the mal breathing, the ERV or the IRV? ERV or the IRV? How well did theHow well did the results compare with your prediction?
results compare with your prediction? Your answer:
Your answer:
With moderate aerobic exercise ERV changes more than IRV incomparision to normal levels. ERVdecreased to 1125 With moderate aerobic exercise ERV changes more than IRV incomparision to normal levels. ERVdecreased to 1125 mlcompare to 1500 during normal conditions. IRV
mlcompare to 1500 during normal conditions. IRV remains the same at 2000 during moderate exerciseremains the same at 2000 during moderate exercise 8.
8. Compare the Compare the breathing rates breathing rates during normal during normal breathing, moderatbreathing, moderate exercise, e exercise, and heavy and heavy exercise.exercise. Your answer:
Your answer:
During normal breathing most normal adults breathe
During normal breathing most normal adults breathe at a rate of 15 breaths per at a rate of 15 breaths per minute. During moderate exercise breathingminute. During moderate exercise breathing rates increase but tidal volumes increases
rates increase but tidal volumes increases more. During heavy exercise both breathing rates and more. During heavy exercise both breathing rates and tidal volumes increase totidal volumes increase to maximum tolerable levels.
