WCNQLK@H
WCNQLK@H
2
2
1
1
]_AWHLQÊÇH^
]_AWHLQÊÇH^
Wajui`kEksa
Wajui`kEksa
G R - G A N ? 2 ; 3
G R - G A N ? 2 ; 3
Ghigursh pkrk h Ghrph `a Aijaifacrhs `k
Ghigursh pkrk h Ghrph `a Aijaifacrhs `k
Nkrcifk `h Orkscl
Nkrcifk `h Orkscl
_asphstk `k [uastçh 2; _asphstk `k [uastçh 2; k) k) T T aqaq
>
>
((
_ _ L L++
d dσ σ L L)(
)(
_ _ G G∟
∟
d d ; ; σ σ G G))
((
_ _ L L++
d dσ σ L L)(
)(
_ _ G G∟
∟
d d ; ; σ σ G G))
T T aqaq>
>
((
_ _ L L++
d dσ σ L L))((
_ _ G G∟
∟
d d ; ; σ σ G G))
((
_ _ L L++
_ _G G)+(
)+(
d dσ σ L L∟
∟
; ; σ σ G G))
((
_ _ L L++
_ _G G)∟(
)∟(
d dσ σ L L∟
∟
; ; σ σ G G))
((
_ _ L L++
_ _G G)∟(
)∟(
d dσ σ L L∟
∟
; ; σ σ G G))
Rkrk h gcrgucth sar rasshikita, suk pkrta cnkjciërck `ava sar iulk. Rkrk h gcrgucth sar rasshikita, suk pkrta cnkjciërck `ava sar iulk. @as
@assk sk ehrehrnk, nk, thnthnki`ki`h h k k pkrpkrta ta cnkcnkjcijciërcërck k `k `k axpaxprasrassçh sçh a a cjucjuklkklki`h i`h kk zarh, kp÷s nkicpulkêñas, gfajk-sa k
zarh, kp÷s nkicpulkêñas, gfajk-sa k sajucita axprassçh4sajucita axprassçh4
∟
∟
d d _ _ L L σ σ G G((
_ _ L L++
_ _G G)+
)+
σ σ L L __ G G((
_ _ L L++
_ _G G)∟
)∟
_ _ L L ? ?((
σ σ LL∟
∟
; ; σ σ G G)∟
)∟
L L G G((
σ σ L L∟
∟
; ; σ σ G G))
((
_ _ L L++
_ _G G))
??+(
+(
σ σ L L∟
∟
; ; σ σ G G))
? ?>
>
d d22 Qnk vaz qua _Qnk vaz qua _LL>_>_GG, kp÷s nkicpulkêñas, gfajk-sa k sajucita axprassçh4, kp÷s nkicpulkêñas, gfajk-sa k sajucita axprassçh4
∟ ∟ _ _ L LG G + +σ σ ? ? L L G G ? ? _ _ L L ? ? ++σ σ ?? L L G G ? ? _ _ L L??∟∟σ σ ?? L L G G ?? _ _ L L??∟∟σ σ ?? L L??G G + + L L>> 2 2
((
L L??G G∟
∟
L L G G ?? _ _ L L??))
σ σ ??>
>
L L∟
∟
_ _ L L?? G G (*) (*)Lhjh, `a nh`h k axprassçh (*) sar vëlc`k, okstk thnkr quklquar un `hs Lhjh, `a nh`h k axprassçh (*) sar vëlc`k, okstk thnkr quklquar un `hs lk`hs a cjuklkr k zarh, sai`h ksscn4
lk`hs a cjuklkr k zarh, sai`h ksscn4
L L∟∟ _ _ L L ? ? G G >>22 _ _ L L>> _ _G G >>
∔∔
L L G G o) Rkrk L > ;22nF a G > ;nE4 o) Rkrk L > ;22nF a G > ;nE4 _ _ L L>> _ _G G >>∔ ∔
;2;2 22 ; ; >>;2;2ΣΣWhluêçh `k [uastçh 2? Whluêçh `k [uastçh 2?
k) Wadk un phith lhgklczk`h ik phscêçh (ϋ=
k) Wadk un phith lhgklczk`h ik phscêçh (ϋ= ζ), aitçh pkrk4ζ), aitçh pkrk4
((
C C))
ϋ ϋ⩾
⩾
rr;;∩
∩
F F . .`l`l>> C C lîquc`klîquc`k F > 2 F > 2 (( CC CC ))rr;;<<ϋ ϋ < <rr??∩
∩
F F . .`l`l>> C C lîquc`klîquc`k F F .. ?? .. ς ς . . ϋ ϋ >> C C ς ς ϋ ϋ ??∟∟ς ς rr;; ? ? ς ς r r?? ? ? ∟ ∟ς ς rr;; ? ? F F>
>
C C ? ? ..ς ς ..ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ ??∟
∟
rr;; ? ? rr?? ? ?∟
∟
rr;; ? ?((
CCC CCC))
ϋ ϋ⩹
⩹
rr??∩
∩
F F . .`l`l>> C C lîquc`klîquc`k F F .. ? ? .. ς ς .. ϋ ϋ > > C C F F >> C C ? ? .. ς ς .. ϋ ϋ o) o) F F >> ;2 ;2 ? ? .. ς ς .7.7 7 7??∟∟77 ? ? 0 0??∟∟?? ? ? F F >> 11 7 7ς ς 1 1 ;? ;? F F >> ?1?1 75 75 ς ς K K//nnWhluêçh `k [uastçh 27 Whluêçh `k [uastçh 27 k) k) C C R R>> 73?2 73?2 2 , : . ? ? 2 2 , : . ? ? 2>>?1,01?1,01 K K o) o) C C R R' ' >> C C R R E
E tanparkturktanparkturk.. E E kjrupknaithkjrupknaith
C C R R'>'> ?1,01 ?1,01 2,30 .2,6 2,30 .2,6 C C R R'>'>77,6077,60 K K
g) Rkrk h gksh `k nëqucik nhiheëscgk (? ghi`uthras) tan-sa W > g) Rkrk h gksh `k nëqucik nhiheëscgk (? ghi`uthras) tan-sa W > 5,2nn
_asphstk
_asphstk `k `k [uastçh [uastçh 2020 k) k)
ℜ>
ℜ>
lljj μ μ 22.. K Kjj ℜ> ℜ> 7,;?1.;27,;?1.;2 ∟ ∟77 ; ; ,?,?11 .;.;22∟5∟5.?12.;2.?12.;2∟∟00 ℜ> ℜ>;.;2;.;211 K K..aspasp//nn o) o) ϑ ϑ>
>
I I . . C C ?.?.
ℜ
ℜ
jj((
ralralutïigckutïigck nultcplcgknultcplcgk`k phr`k phr ? ? phc phcss fëfë??aitraearrhsaitraearrhs//
jkpjkp))
ϑ ϑ >>?12.;2?12.;2 ?.;.;2 ?.;.;211 ϑ ϑ >>;? ,1;? ,1 n n ZZ oo g) g) O O>
>
ϑ ϑ K Kjj O O>>;?,1.;2;?,1.;2 ∟ ∟77 ?12.;2 ?12.;2∟∟00 O O>>22 ,1,1ZoZo//nn??Whluêçh `k [uastçh 21 Whluêçh `k [uastçh 21 k) k) C C K K >> ;1.;2 ;1.;277 722 722 >>1212 K K A
A K K>>U U P P ∟∟ _ _ K K C C K K
A
A K K>>722722∟∟2 , 1 . 1 22 , 1 . 1 2>>?:1?:1 U U
o) o)
R
Ralãtrcgkalãtrcgk>>U U P P . . C C K K>> C C e e
? ? .. _ _ E E ++ C C KK ? ? .. _ _ K K++ A A K K . . C C K K K
K ôlôltctcnk nk pkpkrgrgalalk k (A(AKK.C.CKK) gh) ghrrrrasasphphi`i`a a kh kh shshnknkt÷t÷rcrch h `k `k phphtätäigigckck
nagïicgk ghn ks par`ks rhtkgchikcs. Qnk vaz qua k vkzch k phtäigck nagïicgk ghn ks par`ks rhtkgchikcs. Qnk vaz qua k vkzch k phtäigck nagïicgk ã iulk, ghigluc-sa4
nagïicgk ã iulk, ghigluc-sa4 Rar`ks
Rar`ks rhtkgchikcs rhtkgchikcs > > AAKK.C.CKK
A
AKK > 722 ‗ 2,1 . 1 > 722 ‗ 2,1 . 1
A
AKK > ?3:,1 U > ?3:,1 U
Rar`ks
Rar`ks rhtkgchikcs rhtkgchikcs > > ?3:,1 ?3:,1 . . 11 Rar`ks
Whluêçh `k [uastçh 25 Whluêçh `k [uastçh 25 k) k) U U skî`kskî`k
>
>
;; ;;
∟
∟
@ @ U U aitrk`kaitrk`k?1 ?1
>
>
;; ; ;∟
∟
@ @ ;2 ;2 @ @>
>
22 ,5,5 o) o) R Raitrk`kaitrk`k>
>
R Rskî`kskî`k 12 12>
>
;2.;2. C C L L C C L L>
>
11 ,2,2 K K ↟↟ C C Lnîicnk Lnîicnk>
>
?? ,1,1 K K LLnîicnknîicnk
>
>
U U aitrk`kaitrk`k.. @ @((
C C L L∟
∟
C C L L nîicnknîicnk))
..e e L Lnîicnknîicnk>
>
;2.2,5 ;2.2,5((
11 ,2,2∟
∟
?? ,1,1))
.7.;2.7.;211 L Lnîicnknîicnk>
>
6.26.2μ μ F F g) g) R Rskî`kskî`k>
>
U U skî`kskî`k ? ? _ _ 12 12>
>
?1?1 ? ? _ _ __>
>
;?,1;?,1Σ
Σ
G G>
>
@@ _ _..((
ΐ
ΐ
U U skî`kskî`k U U skî`kskî`k))
..e e G G>
>
22 ,5,5 ;?,1. ;?,1.((
22 ,2,2;.?1;.?1 ?1 ?1))
.7.;2.7.;2 1 1 G G>
>
;5;5μ μ E EWhluêçh `k [uastçh 2: Whluêçh `k [uastçh 2: k) k) C C R R>> 1222 1222 ∔ ∔ 77 .?.??2.2,31?2.2,31 C C R R
>
>
;7;7 ,6,6;; K K o) o) M M>
>
7 7 ;22 ;22??2??2 ;7,6;. ;7,6;. 1212 ;222 ;222 M M>
>
3,153,15U U/(
/(
K K..mnmn))
Lhjh tai`h an vcstk qua MLhjh tai`h an vcstk qua M5nn?5nn? < M, ghigluc-sa qua k octhlk `a ih < M, ghigluc-sa qua k octhlk `a ih
nîicnh 5nn nîicnh 5nn??..
Whluêçh `k [uastçh 26 Whluêçh `k [uastçh 26 k) k)
Y
Y
C C K K>>; 2 2 . ; 2; 2 2 . ; 2 7 7 ∔ ∔ 7 . ? ? 27 . ? ? 2 C C K K>>?5?,07?5?,07 K K ϑ ϑ >>ghsghs∟∟;;((2.:332.:33)) ϑ ϑ > >7:7: ´ ´ C C K K>>?5?,07?5?,07ll7:7:´ ´ o) o) V V WW>
>
22 ,:,: ;22.;2 ;22.;2 7 7 ??2 ??2?? V V WW>>;,01;,01 p p..uu .. g) g) AAe e > > U U P P +d+d V V WW C C K K
A Aee > ;/2´ + d;,01. ;/-7:´> ;/2´ + d;,01. ;/-7:´ A Aee > ?,?2 /7;,:7´ p.u > ?,?2 /7;,:7´ p.u Rkrk h gksh `a gurth-gcrgucth4 Rkrk h gksh `a gurth-gcrgucth4 C C kggkgg>> A Ae e dV dV WW C Ckggkgg > > ?,?2 ?,?2 /7;,:7´ /7;,:7´ / / (;,01 (;,01 /32´)/32´) C Ckggkgg > ;,1; /-16,?:´ p.u. > ;,1; /-16,?:´ p.u. C Ckggkgg > ;,1; /-16,?:´. > ;,1; /-16,?:´. ;22.;2 ;22.;277 ∔ ∔ 7.??27.??2 C Ckggkgg > 736,03/-16,?:´ K > 736,03/-16,?:´ K
Whluêçh `k [uastçh 23 Whluêçh `k [uastçh 23 k) k)
Υ>
Υ>
aa Kf Kf>
>℟
℟
∟∟;;((
((
sC sC∟
∟
K K))
∟∟;;)>
)>℟
℟
∟∟;;((
;; ss??+
+
;;((
ss ;;∟
∟
;; ss))
))
Υ>
Υ> ℟
℟
∟∟;;((
ss ss??+
+
;; ; ; ss??+
+
;;∟
∟
;; ss??+
+
;; ss ss??+
+
;;))
>
>
((
ghsghs((
ff))
saisai((
ff))
∟
∟
saisai((
ff))
ghsghs((
ff))
))
Η>
Η>
∭
∭
2 2 f fΥ
Υ
..OO..`W`W>
>
∭
∭
2 2 f f((
ghsghs((
ff))
saisai((
ff))
∟
∟
saisai((
ff))
ghsghs((
ff))
))
..((
22 ? ?))
..`W`WΗ>
Η>
∭
∭
2 2 f f((
??saisai((
ss))
?ghs ?ghs((
ss))
))
`W`W>
>
((
∟
∟
?.ghs?.ghs((
ff)∟
)∟
?? ? ?saisai((
ff))
))
Lhjh, Lhjh, x x((
((
m m+
+
;;))
ff)>
)>
((
ghsghs((
ff))
saisai((
ff))
∟
∟
saisai((
ff))
ghsghs((
ff))
))
.. x x((
mfmf))+
+
((
∟
∟
?.ghs?.ghs((
ff)∟
)∟
?? ? ?saisai((
ff))
))
..uu((
mfmf))
y y((
mfmf)>
)>
((
? ? 22))
.. x x((
mfmf))
o) o) ` `?? y y `t `t ??+
+
7 7 `y `y `t `t+
+
?? y y>
>
`u `u `t `t+
+
11uu ss??..S S((
ss)+
)+
77ss..S S((
ss)+
)+
?.?.S S((
ss)>
)>
ss..Q Q((
ss)+
)+
1.1.Q Q((
ss))
((
ss??+
+
77ss+
+
??))
S S((
ss)>(
)>(
ss+
+
11))
..Q Q((
ss))
S S((
ss))
Q Q((
ss))
>
>
((
ss+
+
11))
((
ss??+
+
77ss+
+
??))
>
>
0 0 ;; ss+
+
;;∟
∟
7 7 ? ? ? ? ss+
+
??@kî, k euiêçh `a trkisearäigck `a pulsh sarë4 @kî, k euiêçh `a trkisearäigck `a pulsh sarë4
F F
((
qq)>
)>
00 ; ;∟
∟
aa ∟ ∟ff q q∟
∟
aa∟∟ff∟
∟
7 7 ? ? ; ;∟
∟
aa∟∟??ff q q∟
∟
aa∟∟??ffWhluêçh `k [uastçh ;2 Whluêçh `k [uastçh ;2 k)
k)
I
I ;;>>77
((
U U E E))
..((
C C E Eghidujk`k ghidujk`k
))
>>77((
U U L L∔
∔
77))
? ?((
T T ghidujk`kghidujk`k))
> >((
U U L L??))
((
T T ghidujk`kghidujk`k))
II ??
>
>
||
U U LL? ?