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Exenatide reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis by stimulating adiponectin secretion and activating APPL1 AMPK PPARα axis

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Figure

Figure 1 The “APPL1-AMPK-PPARα” signaling mechanism of adiponectin signaling. ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; PDK1, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; IRS1/2, insulin receptor substrate 1/2; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; TSC1, tuberous sclerosis complex 1; AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; AKT, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homologue; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; Ad, adiponectin; AdipoR1, adiponectin receptor 1.
Figure 2 The expression level of adiponectin in the cardiomyocyte culture supernatant
Figure 3 The rate of the cardiomyocyte apoptosis detected by TUNEL staining in each group
Figure 5 The expression levels of various proteins in cardiomyocytes detected by Western blotting

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