PSSE Model User Manual wind Vestas

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Vestas Wind Systems A/S Alsvej 21

DK-8940 Randers SV

W W W . V E S T A S . C O M

USER MANUAL

PSS/E Model for Vestas GridStreamer

TM

Wind Turbines

Version 8.0

VESTAS PROPRIETARY NOTICE: This document contains valuable confidential information of Vestas Wind Systems A/S. It is protected by copyright law as an unpublished work. Vestas reserves all patent, copyright, trade secret, and other proprietary rights to it. The information in this document may not be used, reproduced, or disclosed except if and to the extent rights are expressly granted by Vestas in writing and subject to applicable conditions. Vestas disclaims all warranties except as expressly granted by written agreement and is not responsible for unauthorized uses, for which it may pursue legal remedies against responsible parties.

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DISCLAIMER

VESTAS MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED IN RESPECT OF THE PSS/E MODEL, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION AS TO ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, FUNCTIONALILTY, PRECISION, USEFULNESS, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF THE PSS/E MODEL OR OTHERWISE. THE PSS/E MODEL IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND VESTAS SHALL HAVE NO RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY WHATSOEVER FOR RESULTS OF USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THE PSS/E MODEL. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, IN NO EVENT VESTAS SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR OTHER DAMAGES WHATSOEVER ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATED TO THE USE OF OR INABLITY TO USE THE PSS/E MODEL, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE.

For the avoidance of doubt, Vestas makes no warranty or representation either express or implied as to the performance of the wind turbine model in terms of it being in accordance with the performance of the actual wind turbine generator, as other circumstances, including, but not limited to deviations in the markets and optional features might have influence on the performance of the actual wind turbine gen-erator. The performance of the wind turbine model is expected only to be indicative to the performance of the actual wind turbine generator.

Copyright Notice

The documents are created by Vestas Wind Systems A/S and contain copyrighted material,

trademarks, and other proprietary information. All rights reserved. No part of the documents

may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means—such as graphic, electronic, or

mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems—

without the prior written permission of Vestas Wind Systems A/S, and its respective parent

companies, subsidiaries, affiliates, successors, assigns, licensees, representatives and

agents (together "Vestas"). The use of these documents by you, or anyone else authorized

by you, is prohibited unless specifically permitted by Vestas. You may not alter or remove

any trademark, copyright or other notice from the documents.

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History of this Document

Changes in this document:

Rev. no.:

Date:

Description of change

00 2013-04-01

This document is based on a previous document with

docu-ment number 0026-5729_V03.

Updated document to reflect changes of Pre-sales model of

GridStreamer

TM

3.3MW Turbines.

Only parameters of GridStreamer

TM

3.3MW Turbines are

available in this version.

01 2013-04-05

Parameters of V164 8.0MW Mk0 concept model are included

in this version.

02 2013-07-04

Parameters of V80/V90 2.0MW Mk8 model are included in this

version

03 2013-09-06

Updated document to reflect changes of As-built model of

GridStreamer

TM

Turbines.

Only parameters of 3 MW Turbines are available in this

ver-sion.

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History of this Document ... 3

Contents ... 4

Abbreviations ... 6

Reading Guidelines ... 7

1 Introduction ... 8

2 Vestas GridStreamer

TM

Model ... 9

2.1 Vestas GridStreamer

TM

Concept ... 9

2.2 Model Structure ... 9

2.3 Model Features ... 10

3 Simulation Preparation ... 11

3.1 Load Flow Data ... 11

3.2 Short Circuit Data ... 12

3.3 Dynamic Data ... 12

4 Simulation Procedures in PSS/E ... 15

4.1 Setting for Dynamic Simulation ... 16

4.2 Simulation Steps ... 17

5 Vestas System Example... 19

5.1 System Model ... 19

5.2 Simulation Steps ... 20

6 Description of related PSS/E Activities ... 21

6.1 WTG Load Flow related Inputs ... 21

6.2 WTG 2-Winding Transformer Load Flow Inputs ... 22

6.3 Output Channels for Plotting ... 23

7 User related Sub-models of Vestas Wind Turbines ... 25

7.1 Reactive Power Control ... 25

7.2 LVRT Control Settings ... 26

7.3 Protection & LVRT Settings ... 27

7.3.1 Voltage Protection ... 27

7.3.2 LVRT Logic ... 28

7.3.3 Frequency Protection ... 29

8 PSS/E Format Data Sheets ... 31

8.1 GSCORE ... 32

8.2 GSVARS ... 35

8.3 GSLVRT... 36

8.4 GSPWRC ... 38

8.5 GSMEAS... 40

8.6 GSVPRT ... 41

8.7 GSFPRT ... 43

Appendix A.

Data for V112 GS 3.075/3.0MW 50/60Hz... 44

A.1 PQ Capability Chart ... 44

A.2 Generator Data ... 45

A.3 Typical Transformer Data... 45

A.4 PSS/E DYR File Template ... 45

Appendix B.

Data for V112/V117/V126 GS 3.3MW 50/60Hz ... 50

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B.2 Generator Data ... 51

B.3 Typical Transformer Data... 51

B.4 PSS/E DYR File Template ... 51

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Abbreviations

Word / Abbreviation

Description

AGO

Advanced Grid Option

Bvbase

Bus Voltage Base

GS

GridStreamer

LVRT

Low Voltage Ride Through

Mbase

Machine MVA Base

OF

Over Frequency

OV

Over Voltage

P

Active Power

PF

Power Factor

PI

Proportional and Integral

PPC

Power Plant Controller

PSS/E

Power System Simulator for Engineering

Q

Reactive Power

SCR

Short Circuit Ratio

Sbase

System (Network) MVA Base

UF

Under Frequency

UV

Under Voltage

VXX

V refers to Vestas & XX is the rotor diameter in meters

YY

WTG Rated Power

ZZ

WTG Rated Frequency

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Reading Guidelines

This document covers the Vestas GridStreamer

TM

wind turbines model implementation in the

PSS/E environment. The targeted group of readers are expected to have:



A good knowledge of the PSS/E simulation environment.



A strong background in the electrical power engineering field.

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1 Introduction

The description given in this document covers the design of the Vestas PSS/E wind turbine

user written model. The model is applicable to all Vestas GridStreamer

TM

wind turbines.

This document is a user manual that explains how to implement the Vestas GridStreamer

TM

wind turbines in an existing grid and states a number of steps that must be performed to get

a successful simulation.

The document is a general overview of the PSS/E user written model version 8.0 for Vestas

GridStreamer

TM

wind turbines. The model is developed for the purpose of dynamic stability

analysis and therefore generally omits effects with time constants shorter than one AC cycle.

A PSS/E time step (DELT) in the range 1ms to ½ cycle is recommended.

Vestas PSS/E Model Package

This user manual is part of a model package including the following files:



PSS/E Model for Vestas GridStreamer

TM

Wind Turbines Version 8.0 User Manual

A library file (.LIB) that includes all the sub models in the wind turbine is compiled for PSS/E

version 29, 30, 31 and 32.



VestasGS_8_0_n_PSSE<m>.lib – Model library file for PSS/E ver. <m>

A Dynamic data file (.DYR).



V<xx>.GS.<yy>MW.<zz>Hz. Mk<k>.Df.v8.0.n.dyr – Dynamic Data file (.dyr)

Test case files as part of a system example.



V<xx>.GS.<yy>MW.<zz>Hz. Mk<k>.Df.v8.0.n_Base_29.raw



V<xx>.GS.<yy>MW.<zz>Hz. Mk<k>.Df.v8.0.n_Base_32.sav



Simulate_PFControl.psa



Simulate_QControl.psa



V<xx>.GS.<yy>MW.<zz>Hz. Mk<k>.Df.v8.0.n.dyr

This system example is provided for guidance only and do not represent actual configuration

for any specific site.

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2 Vestas GridStreamer

TM

Model

This PSS/E user written model has been developed to support the Vestas GridStreamer

TM

wind turbines topology. This is explained – in short - in the following sections.

2.1 Vestas GridStreamer

TM

Concept

In the full-scale converter system the generator is decoupled from the grid-side converter

completely by the DC-link. In this case the converter will be in total control of the power

and the GridStreamer™ WTG is coupled via a step-up transformer to the connection point.

2.2 Model Structure

The PSS/E user written model developed for the Vestas GridStreamer™ wind turbine is a

simplified ‘dynamic’ model of the WTG and omits some detail of mechanical components

and the generator-side converter. However, this model was shown to accurately represent

the complete GridStreamer™ turbine, because the mechanics and generator-side

con-verter have very little impact on the grid-side output due to decoupling through the DC-link.

Figure 1 shows the generic model structure for Vestas GridStreamer

TM

wind turbines.

Here the various signals and blocks may be observed as well as input and output of the

model. Note that the grey blocks are not part of the PSS/E model, and have direct

feedthrough signals.

Figure 1 Illustration of the generic PSS/E model structure. Blocks marked as grey are not a part of the model

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As mentioned in the Introduction, this model is intended for grid dynamic stability analysis.

It may also be designated as a performance model, since it receives grid voltage and

fre-quency and delivers active and reactive power as response.

2.3 Model Features

It is important to decide the types of analysis and studies needed to be carried out before

deciding which approach to use in modelling the physical system. The modelling approach

should reflect the intended types of analysis and studies.

These questions led to shape the modelling requirements and to give a better overview of

the user’s needs in order to develop an analysis-dedicated model. The modelling of the

wind turbine needs to be made according to the performance of the simulation tool, which

is the PSS/E.

The pre-modelling analysis has been done for using PSS/E simulation tool and the

out-come is listed in Table 1.

Table 1 Outcome of the pre-modelling analysis



Model purpose



Dynamic stability studies – 1s to 5 min.



Implementation in large bus system.



Aggregated Wind-power plant performance.



Model operational range



Full power range of the WTG.



PF control mode.



Reactive power control mode.



Full voltage and frequency range of WTG.



Studies



Dynamic stability analysis.



Protection



Voltage settings.



Frequency settings.



LVRT settings.



Model requirements



Positive sequence based.



Model bandwidth 0-10 Hz.



Maximum time step is ½ cycle.

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3 Simulation Preparation

This section explains how to add Vestas Wind Turbines Model and modify the user’s

exist-ing system simulation files. With the package files provided by Vestas Wind Systems A/S,

the end users should modify their load flow data (RAW or SAV file) as well as their

dynam-ic data (DYR file). The suggested modifdynam-ications are stated below.

3.1 Load Flow Data

The PSS/E user should begin by preparing a solved load flow case which includes a

gen-erator and unit transformer for each WTG or WTG aggregate.

-The WTG’s Generator:

The wind power plant units can be included as separate units or as a single aggregated

generator, with appropriate steady-state real power (P) and reactive power (Q) for each

wind power plant (turbine). The relevant WTG generator should be implemented by the

user according to the parameters listed in Appendices and the set up instructions in

Chap-ter 6.

NOTE: In newer versions of PSS/E a generator is added to the load flow case as either a

‘classical machine’ or a ‘wind machine’. The Vestas wind turbines should be added as a

classical machine not a wind machine, as the model is designed to be back compatible to

PSS/E version 29.

- The WTG’s Transformer:

In addition to the substation transformer, a step-up unit transformer should also be

includ-ed in the load flow case by the user. The deliverinclud-ed model package does not include the

WTG transformer and therefore this transformer should be implemented by the user

ac-cording to the parameters of the transformer as given in Appendices and the set up

in-structions provided in Chapter 6.

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0, 100.00 / PSS/E-30.3 TUE, OCT 30 2007 14:42 VESTAS TEST SYSTEM

/**************************************************************** /*existing bus data * /*add WTG bus data here * /****************************************************************

0 / END OF BUS DATA, BEGIN LOAD DATA

0 / END OF LOAD DATA, BEGIN GENERATOR DATA

/**************************************************************** /*existing generator data * /*add WTG generator data here * /****************************************************************

0 / END OF GENERATOR DATA, BEGIN BRANCH DATA 0 / END OF BRANCH DATA, BEGIN TRANSFORMER DATA

/**************************************************************** /*existing transformer data * /*add WTG transformer data here * /****************************************************************

0 / END OF TRANSFORMER DATA, BEGIN AREA DATA 0 / END OF AREA DATA, BEGIN TWO-TERMINAL DC DATA

0 / END OF TWO-TERMINAL DC DATA, BEGIN VSC DC LINE DATA 0 / END OF VSC DC LINE DATA, BEGIN SWITCHED SHUNT DATA

0 / END OF SWITCHED SHUNT DATA, BEGIN IMPEDANCE CORRECTION DATA 0 / END OF IMPEDANCE CORRECTION DATA, BEGIN MULTI-TERMINAL DC DATA 0 / END OF MULTI-TERMINAL DC DATA, BEGIN MULTI-SECTION LINE DATA 0 / END OF MULTI-SECTION LINE DATA, BEGIN ZONE DATA

0 / END OF ZONE DATA, BEGIN INTER-AREA TRANSFER DATA 0 / END OF INTER-AREA TRANSFER DATA, BEGIN OWNER DATA 0 / END OF OWNER DATA, BEGIN FACTS DEVICE DATA

0 / END OF FACTS DEVICE DATA

Template 1: The PSS/E raw file template

3.2 Short Circuit Data

Under fault conditions the behaviour of the WTG is determined by the converter control.

During a fault the converter controls will limit the magnitude of the fault current contribution

to 1.05 p.u. (Ik”) and 1.45 p.u. (peak) on WTG rated current.

The WTG should be modelled as a current source for short circuit studies. The current

source should contribute a maximum of 1.05 p.u. (Ik”) fault current.

In PSS/E the value of Zsource is obtained from the maximum short circuit current

contri-bution

(Ik”=1.05 p.u.). The recommended values are listed in Appendices and the set up

instructions provided in Chapter 6.

3.3 Dynamic Data

The user should prepare a DYR file (.dyr) containing the dynamics data. This will generally

include dynamic data records for other power system plant(s), as well as the dynamic data

for Vestas WTG model. In this package the user will find a parameter template

(V<xx>.GS.<yy>MW.<zz>Hz.Mk<k>.Df.v8.0.n.dyr) as shown in Template 2. The template

for different Vestas GridStreamer

TM

wind turbines can be found in Appendices.

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/******************************************************************************** /

/ MODULE: Vestas Generic Model Dynamic Data Template for PSS/E / Model revision: 8.0.1

/ WTG type: V112 GridStreamer 3.3MW 50Hz Mk2A /

/******************************************************************************** / The lines below must be repeated for each wind generator or composite

/ wind farm generator that occurs in the network.

/ Terms in <angle brackets> must be replaced as follows: / <bus> with the generator bus number

/ <mach> with the machine ID

/ <WTGmode> with the control mode at WTG level: 0 for Q control, 1 for PF control /******************************************************************************** <bus> 'USRMDL' '<mach>' 'GSCORE' 1 1 2 45 23 104 1 0

3300.0000 650.0000 4144.0000 0.0100 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3500 7.8500 0.000082 940.0000 -3700.0000 3700.0000 -3300.0000 3300.0000 0.9700 0.8500 0.7500 1.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0300 0.3000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 /

0 'USRMDL' 0 'GSVARS' 8 0 2 0 0 30 <bus> '<mach>' / 0 'USRMDL' 0 'GSLVRT' 8 0 3 65 10 35 <bus> '<mach>' 1

0.8500 0.0000 0.6000 10.0000 200.0000 100.0000 200.0000 0.0000 1.0800 0.0050 1.0050 1.4400 0.0000 650.0000 4144.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.9000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0100 0.0000 0.0000 2.0000 1.0000 0.0000 1.0500 -1.0000 1.2000 0.8500 0.1500 0.0500 0.1000 0.4900 0.5000 0.8000 0.3900 0.4000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0500 0.9000 1.1000 0.0000 0.8000 0.9000 1.1000 1.2000 0.1000 2.5000 0.6000 600.0000 60.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.2500 1.2000 0.7000 /

0 'USRMDL' 0 'GSPWRC' 8 0 3 30 7 10 <bus> '<mach>' <WTGmode>

1.0000 0.6667 -0.6667 0.5002 0.4900 0.8630 0.9333 0.0000 0.0000 0.1000 0.1000 20.0000 20.0000 0.0160 0.0160 0.0000 1.1000 1.2000 1.1000 1.2000 0.2200 -1.4000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 /

0 'USRMDL' 0 'GSMEAS' 8 0 2 10 8 5 <bus> '<mach>'

0.0320 0.0320 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 /

0 'USRMDL' 0 'GSVPRT' 0 2 7 30 0 18 <bus> '<mach>' 1 1 0 0 0

0.8500 10.2000 0.8500 10.2000 0.9000 60.0000 1.1000 3600.0000 1.2100 2.0000 1.3600 0.1500 1.3600 0.1500 1.2000 0.0800 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.5500 0.7000 2.6000 0.7000 10.0000 0.7000 10.0000 /

0 'USRMDL' 0 'GSFPRT' 0 2 3 12 0 7 <bus> '<mach>' 0

47.0000 0.2000 47.0000 0.2000 47.0000 0.2000 53.0000 0.2000 53.0000 0.2000 53.0000 0.2000 /

/********************************************************************************* Template 2: The PSS/E dyr file template – V112 GS 3.3MW 50Hz

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The dynamic data file (DYR file) Template 2 supplied requires user modification, to insert

the details specific to each WTG. If there is more than one WTG in the PSS/E simulation,

the user should duplicate the DYR file contents for each WTG added, and to modify each

of the user inputs denoted by the “<>” to reflect the particulars of each WTG. User input

parameters are listed in Table 2. The details that must be entered by the user for each

WTG are:



The PSS/E bus number (<bus>) and machine ID (<mach>) corresponding to the

single or aggregate WTG generator.



The WTG reactive power control mode (<WTGmode>): 0 for direct reactive power

(Q) control, 1 for power factor (PF) control.

Table 2 User input parameters to the dynamic data file (dyr file)

Parameter Description

<bus> The generator bus number

<mach> The machine ID

<WTGmode> WTG control mode: 0 for Q control, 1 for PF control

In case several WTGs are to be aggregated into one scaled WTG the set of data should

not be duplicated, this type is handled through the WTG load flow inputs as explained in

Chapter 6, where the Pgen, Pmax, Qgen, Qmax, Qmin, & Mbase, will be scaled to

repre-sent the required amount of aggregated WTGs as per the instructions provided.

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4 Simulation Procedures in PSS/E

The model is developed for a maximum simulation time step of half a cycle. The model is

developed for PSS/E versions from 29 upwards.

The wind turbine(s) impacts on the system (grid) will be dependent on the short circuit ratio

(SCR) and X/R at the bus to which the wind turbine(s) is (are) connected. In this sense it is

very important to assess the model performance taking into consideration the grid strength

seen from the connection point.

Section 4.1 gives the recommended settings for the dynamic simulation. In Section 4.2,

the simulation procedure is given (dependent on the version of PSS/E). The list should be

followed exactly in order to get a successful simulation.

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4.1 Setting for Dynamic Simulation

The recommended settings for the dynamic simulation are as shown in Figure 2.

1 2

4 3

Figure 2 The PSS/E Dynamic simulation settings (activity ALTR)

Table 3 PSS/E Dynamic simulation settings (activity ALTR)

#

Variable

Description

1 Network Solution Iters 25 Acceleration 1.0 Tolerance 0.0001 2 Island Frequency Acceleration 1.0 Tolerance 0.0005 3 Simulation Parameters

Delta Maximum ½ cycle (10 ms for 50 Hz and 8.33 ms for 60Hz) Frequency filter 0.04

4

Delta Threshold

intermediate 0.06

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4.2 Simulation Steps

Simulation steps: PSS/E version 29 to 31

1. Create a working directory – where files related to this simulation set-up shall

be placed – including all relevant files listed.

2. Start up a command prompt in the working directory, ensuring the PATH is

set correctly to be able to run PSS/E programs.

3. Start-up PSS/E dynamics (PSSDS4) in the working directory.

4. Enter PSS/E load flow (LOFL).

5. In case the user’s preferred method of representing the load flow case is a

raw file then read the load flow raw file (READ) to which the Vestas wind

tur-bines have been added. If the user prefers to use an already created saved

case then open (CASE) the load flow case to which the Vestas wind turbines

will be added.

6. **In case the user has chosen to use a Saved file (*.sav) then the following may**

be necessary:

i.

Modify this load flow case by adding the desired number of new buses,

feeders and transformers necessary to model the WPP collector

tem up to the point of common coupling with the existing power

sys-tem.

ii.

Add the WPP aggregated generator(s), specifying P and Q output for

each.

iii.

Add the wind turbine transformers as per the implemented structure:

1.

Aggregated transformer for aggregated WTGs (if applicable).

2.

Separate transformer for separate WTGs (if applicable).

7. Solve the load flow case and save the solved case file.

8. Convert the load flow case for dynamic simulations by using CONG and

CONL, followed by ORDR, FACT and TYSL.

9. Make a copy of the relevant DYRE parameter template, and fill in the details of

each WPP. Add the DYRE records to any records for other system plant to

create a system wide ‘.dyr’ file.

10. Enter PSS/E dynamics (RTRN).

11. Read (DYRE) the new ‘.dyr’ file, and specify CONEC.FLX and CONET.FLX

files. Specify the name of the compile-file.

12. Save the snapshot.

13. Exit the PSS/E program (STOP).

14. Ensure the command prompt is pointing to the correct working directory.

15. Compile the CONEC.FLX and CONET.FLX subroutines

– by typing the name

of the compile-file.

16. Link the object codes using a command line of the following form:

CLOAD4 VestasGS_8_0_n_PSSE29.lib <other user models>

17. You are now ready to run simulations: enter PSS/E dynamics (PSSDS4), open

the snapshot and load flow case.

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Simulation steps: PSS/E version 32 and above

1. Create a working directory – where files related to this simulation set-up shall

be placed – including all relevant files listed.

2. Ensure the system PATH is set correctly to be able to run PSS/E programs

(using the PSS/E Environment Manager if necessary).

3. Start-up PSS/E in the working directory.

4. In case the user’s preferred method of representing the load flow case is a

raw file then read the load flow raw file (READ) to which the Vestas wind

tur-bines have been added. If the user prefers to use an already created saved

case then open (CASE) the load flow case to which the Vestas wind turbines

will be added.

5. In case the user has chosen to use a Saved file (.sav) then the following may

be necessary:

i.

Modify this load flow case by adding the desired number of new buses,

feeders and transformers necessary to model the WPP collector

tem up to the point of common coupling with the existing power

sys-tem.

ii.

Add the WPP aggregated generator(s), specifying P and Q output for

each. Ensure the generator(s) spec

ify ‘not a wind machine’.

iii.

Add the wind turbine transformers:

1. Aggregated transformer for aggregated WTGs (if applicable).

2. Separate transformer for separate WTGs (if applicable).

6. Solve the load flow case and save the solved case file.

7. Convert the load flow case for dynamic simulations by using CONG and

CONL, followed by ORDR, FACT and TYSL.

8. Make a copy of the relevant DYRE parameter template, and fill in the details of

each WPP. Add the DYRE records to any records for other system plant to

create a system wide ‘.dyr’ file.

9. Read (DYRE) the new ‘.dyr’ file, and specify CONEC.FLX and CONET.FLX

files, and a name for the compile-file as appropriate.

10. Save the snapshot.

11. Use the ‘Create User DLL’ function in the Dynamics menu to compile the

CONEC and CONET subroutines and link the model code into PSS/E. Specify

the library ‘VestasGS_8_0_n_PSSE32.lib’ when required.

12. You are now ready to run simulations: enter PSS/E dynamics (PSSDS4), open

the snapshot and load flow case.

**Note: It is not necessary to specify the WPP real or reactive power output in the *.dyr file**

as these will be taken from the load flow case at initialization (i.e. when using the activity

STRT).

Once the snapshot is taken and the model compiled and linked, the same dynamics

snap-shot can be used with multiple load flow cases, provided the network topology and

con-nected models did not change from one case to another. It is therefore possible to

assem-ble a number of load flow cases, each with a different level of initial WTG power output

and/or voltage, without reassembling the snapshot or recompiling before using each

differ-ent case in a simulation.

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5 Vestas System Example

5.1 System Model

Vestas has built a simple example to show how to setup and simulate with the WTG

mod-els. The test grid is modelled with four buses and two branches, with the Vestas WT model

at one end, and a slack bus generator at the other. The middle bus is where the fault is

applied. The system is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Network Diagram of Vestas test system

The files/folders listed in Table 4 are delivered for setting up the test cases for both, the

reactive power control and the power factor control examples (for WTG level control).

Note that the example files provided represent a simple test case for Vestas

GridStream-er

TM

wind turbines and do not reflect any particular site-specific configuration.

Table 4 Files included in the delivered package

Simulation Files

Description

V<xx>.GS.<yy>MW.<zz>Hz.Mk<k>.Df.v8.0.n_Base_29.raw RAW file for Base case in Ver29 V<xx>.GS.<yy>MW.<zz>Hz. Mk<k>.Df.v8.0.n_Base_32.sav SAV file for Base case in Ver32 Simulate_QControl.psa PSA file for QContorl Simulation Simulate_PFControl.psa PSA file for PFContorl Simulation V<xx>.GS.<yy>MW.<zz>Hz. Mk<k>.Df.v8.0.n.dyr DYR file for Dynamic model

WTG Z20 to 30 Z30 to 40

Wind Generator Bus Bus # 10 Bus Volt = 0.65 kV Bus Type ”2"

Wind turbine Transformer Bus Bus # 20

Bus Volt = 20.0 kV Bus Type ”1"

Network Fault Bus Bus # 30 Bus Volt = 20.0 kV Bus Type ”1"

Network Slack Bus Bus # 40 Bus Volt = 20.0 kV Bus Type ”3"

SG

2-Windings Transformer

BASE MVA = Mbase BASE MVA = 100 MVA

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5.2 Simulation Steps

To perform a simulation – following steps has to be carried out:

In PSS/E versions 29 to 31

1. Create a Working directory – where files related to this simulation set-up shall

be placed – including all relevant files listed.

2. Start up a command prompt in the working directory, ensuring the PATH is

set correctly to be able to run PSS/E programs.

3. Start up PSS/E dynamics (PSSDS4) in the working directory.

4. **Read the load flow raw file “*.raw”, convert the load flow case for dynamic**

simulations by using CONG and CONL, followed by ORDR, FACT and TYSL.

5. Save the converted case file.

6. **Read (DYRE) the ‘*.dyr’ file, and specify CONEC.FLX and CONET.FLX files.**

Specify the name of the compile-file.

7. Save the snapshot.

8. Exit the PSS/E program (STOP).

9. Ensure the command prompt is pointing to the correct working directory.

10. Compile the CONEC.FLX and CONET.FLX subroutines

– by typing the name

of the compile-file.

11. Link the object codes using a command line of the form:

CLOAD4 VestasGS_8_0_n_PSSE29.lib <other user models>

12. Start up PSS/E dynamics (PSSDS4) and run

“Simulate_QControl.psa” or

“Simulate_PFControl.psa”

13. Exit PSS/E

14. Start plot program (PSSPLT)

In PSS/E version 32 or above

1. Create a Working directory – where files related to this simulation set-up shall

be placed – including all relevant files listed.

2. Ensure the system PATH is set correctly to be able to run PSS/E programs, by

running the PSS/E Environment Manager if necessary.

3. Start up PSS/E in the working directory.

4. **Read the case file “*.sav”, convert the load flow case for dynamic simulations**

by using CONG and CONL, followed by ORDR, FACT and TYSL.

5. Save the converted case file.

6. **Read (DYRE) the ‘*.dyr’ file, and specify CONEC.FLX and CONET.FLX files.**

Specify the name of the compile-file.

7. Save the snapshot.

8. Use the ‘Create User DLL’ function in the Dynamics menu to compile the

CONEC and CONET subroutines and link the model code. Specify the code

library “VestasGS_8_0_n_PSSE32.lib” when prompted.

9. Run “Simulate.idv”

10. Exit PSS/E

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6 Description of related PSS/E Activities

6.1 WTG Load Flow related Inputs

5

2 3 ₄ ₆ ₇ 8 9 10 1

Figure 4 The PSS/E load flow – plant & machine editor

Figure 4 shows the PSS/E plant and machine editor. The WTG is to be set on a bus

hav-ing a voltage equal to the generator rated voltage (at the low voltage side of the

transform-er).

The machine parameters in PSS/E load flow should be entered as indicated in the table

below. Note that for the purpose of the PSS/E WTG model, the MBASE value for a single

turbine is taken as the maximum MW output of the turbine.

Table 5 Variables as in plant & machine editor of Figure 4

#

Name

Units

Description

Value for a Single

Turbine

Value for an

Ag-gregated Turbine

1 Pgen MW Is the generated active power

User supplied value

(0≤ P≤ P

rate

)

N*P

2 Pmax MW Is the maximum allowed active power

P

rate

N*P

rate

3 Pmin MW Is the minimum allowed active power

Always ZERO

0

4 Qgen MVAR Is the generated / absorbed reac-tive power

User supplied value*

(Q

ind

≤ Q≤ Q

cap

)

N*Q

5 Qmax MVAR Is the absolute maximum allowed reactive power

Equals Qgen*

N*Q

6 Qmin MVAR Is the absolute minimum allowed reactive power

Equals Qgen*

N*Q

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wind turbines

8 ZSource pu Is machine positive sequence im-pedance

Refer to Appendices Refer to Appendices

9 Rtran pu Is the Resistance of the internal transformer

Always ZERO

0

10 Xtran pu Is the Reactance of the internal transformer

Always ZERO

0

Where Prate is the rated MW value; Qind and Qcap are the turbine reactive power inductive and capacitive

lim-its.

*Vestas WTGs are not configured for terminal voltage control. Therefore the user should select the appropri-ate reactive power condition and configure the load flow case accordingly.

In PSS/E the value of

‘Zsource’ is calculated from the maximum short circuit current

con-tribution (Ik”=1.05 p.u.). Recommended values of source resistance and reactance are

given in Appendices.

The bus to which the wind turbine(s) is (are) connected should have the same level of

voltage as the generator terminals, in fact this bus is the low voltage side of the 2-windings

turbine’s transformer. The turbine’s transformer is not included in the model and is left to

the user to implement in the simulation as a PSS/E standard 2 winding transformer for

more details see section 6.2.

For aggregated WTGs, parameters 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 & 7 needs to be scaled to represent the

desired number N of aggregated units.

6.2 WTG 2-Winding Transformer Load Flow Inputs

Figure 5 shows the PSS/E load flow 2-winding transformer editor, all data are to remain as

default except the 9 encircled fields that are to be changed as specified in Table 6.

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Figure 5 The PSS/E load flow – 2-winding transformer editor

Table 6 Input values for the 2-winding transformer editor of Figure 5

#

Name

Units

Description

1 Name The transformer name (Optional)

2 Impedance data I/O code

MVA Base to use for the p.u. val-ues

3 Line R pu Winding resistance

4 Line X pu Leakage reactance

5 Winding MVA base MVA Winding MVA base

6 Rmax Maximum Tap

7 Rmin Minimum Tap

8 Tap Positions No of Taps

9 Connection Code Vector Grouping

** Vector grouping assumes that the LV side is declared as the primary winding.

It is important to be aware that aggregating WTGs also means aggregating WTG unit

transformers, which means that voltage ratings remain the same but the MVA rating will be

scaled.

The different transformer parameters are as per the data sheet in Appendices.

6.3 Output Channels for Plotting

One of the possible ways to call a channel in PSS/E is through the CHAN activity in the

user interface (Dynamics). Table 7 shows the possible useful channels that can be called

to represent the relevant inputs/outputs of the Vestas wind turbine model in PSS/E.

6 7 8

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1

2

3

5

4

6

Figure 6 CHAN activity from the PSS/E dynamics

Table 7 Plotting channels from the CHAN activity

#

Variable

Description

1 Machine PELEC Machine(s) Active Power, without the WTG’s transformer, p.u on SBASE 2 Machine QELEC Machine(s) Reactive Power, without the WTG’s transformer, p.u on SBASE 3 Machine Eterm Machine(s) Terminal voltage magnitude, p.u Bvbase

4 Bus Frequency Bus Frequency, p.u deviation from the systems nominal frequency 5 Bus Voltage Bus Voltage magnitude, p.u Bvbase

6 Bus Voltage and Ang

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7 User related Sub-models of Vestas Wind Turbines

This section describes different sub models in the dynamic data file.

7.1 Reactive Power Control

The turbine can operate within certain limits for active and reactive power. The limits are

primarily determined by

the converter and the generator. There are two possible control

modes:



Q-Control.



Power Factor Control.

The PSS/E user written model will independent of which of the modes that is selected,

pri-oritize the active power higher than the reactive power. This means that the highest

possi-ble active power – which is the user-defined (requested) active power – will be supplied to

the grid even though it might compromise the control mode performance.

Active Power Priority

The model implemented always gives highest priority to the active power. That means that

if both P and Q are outside the valid operating area, Q is limited in order to bring the

tur-bine inside the safe operating area. This is illustrated in Figure 7 (A typical PQ chart for

Vestas turbines) where the references (P* and Q*) are both outside the chart. In this case

Q is limited in order to bring the turbines operating point inside the operating area again.

Q

P

(P,Q)

Q*Lim P* P over Q Q over P

Figure 7 Example of limiting function where P is given priority over Q

The value of P* and Q* are set in the load flow interface.

Q-Control

A certain reactive power reference can be set. The reference must be within its lower and

upper limits – vertical limits for each P according to Figure 11.

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When activated, the required Q will be calculated based on the P and the PF set point.

Depending on the working point, whether it is a full or partial load operating point and also

whether it is lead or lag, the PF set point is subject to possible minimum or maximum as

shown in Figure 11.

Changing Q and PF set point (Q

set

)

Reactive power set point (Q

set

), defined in ‘GSVARS’ sub-routine. This set point is

as-signed to VAR L+1 can be changed to desired value using ‘ALTR’ activity.

Table 8 Description of VAR set points P and Q or PF

VARs Description

L

Available real power, P

set

L+1

Q or PF set point, Q

set

7.2 LVRT Control Settings

During low-voltage-ride-through (LVRT), Vestas turbines switch from power control to

cur-rent control mode. The following settings can be changed by the user in order to carry on

different system studies.

Active current Priority

As default, Vestas turbines are designed to maintain and control reactive current during

LVRT. However the user could also select the active current priority, If supplying active

power is required during LVRT.

The Active current priority setting can be enabled by changing CON J+7 of ’GSLVRT’ to

1.0, and be disabled by changing CON J+7 to 0.0.

Q-offset Setting

In case the turbine reactive output is not zero at pre-fault condition, the Q-offset can be

used to remove the step change when Vestas turbines switches between power control

and current control.

The Q-offset setting can be enabled by changing CON J+31 of ’GSLVRT’ to 1.0, and be

disabled by changing CON J+31 to 0.0.

Asymmetrical fault

If asymmetrical fault study is required, asymmetrical fault settings should be enabled and

the user should provide negative sequence magnitude (U-) input in VAR L+12 of

’GSLVRT’.

The asymmetrical fault setting can be enabled by changing CON J+32 of ’GSLVRT’ to 1.0,

and be disabled by changing CON J+32 to 0.0.

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7.3 Protection & LVRT Settings

This section describes the WTG protection and LVRT scheme and settings.

At any kind of trip, an error message will be generated in order to identify the event tripping

the turbine.

Table 9 Protection error messages

Event

Error message

Under voltage 1

“Under voltage 1 Trip” + WTG bus number + “at time”

Under voltage 2

“Under voltage 2 Trip” + WTG bus number + “at time”

Under voltage 3

“Under voltage 3 Trip” + WTG bus number + “at time”

LVRT under voltage

“LVRT under voltage Trip” + WTG bus number + “at time”

Over voltage 1

“Over voltage 1 Trip” + WTG bus number + “at time”

Over voltage 2

“Over voltage 2 Trip” + WTG bus number + “at time”

Over voltage 3

“Over voltage 3 Trip” + WTG bus number + “at time”

Over voltage 4

“Over voltage 4 Trip” + WTG bus number + “at time”

Over voltage 5

“Over voltage 5 Trip” + WTG bus number + “at time”

Under frequency 1

“Under frequency 1 Trip” + WTG bus number + “at time”

Under frequency 2

“Under frequency 2 Trip” + WTG bus number + “at time”

Under frequency 3

“Under frequency 3 Trip” + WTG bus number + “at time”

Over frequency 1

“Over frequency 1 Trip” + WTG bus number + “at time”

Over frequency 2

“Over frequency 2 Trip” + WTG bus number + “at time”

Over frequency 3

“Over frequency 3 Trip” + WTG bus number + “at time”

7.3.1 Voltage Protection

The voltage protection is implemented having three protection levels for high voltages and

three protection levels for low voltages.

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Figure 8 Voltage protection limits defined in the protection model VWVPR6

The WTG will be disconnected if the voltage limits are exceeded and the protection times

out. Table 10 shows the protection settings for a Vestas GridStreamer

TM

wind turbine

with-out the LVRT option.

Table 10 Voltage protection settings (LVRT not enabled)

Voltage limit Setting Timeout Setting

UV1 0.90 tUV1 60 s UV2 0.85 tUV2 11 s UV3 0.85 tUV3 11 s OV1 1.10 tOV1 3600 s OV2 1.21 tOV2 2 s OV3 1.36 tOV3 150 ms OV4 1.36 tOV4 150 ms OV5 1.36 tOV5 150 ms

Note: the voltage protection settings may vary with different turbine models. The user is

suggested to check the General Specification of the specified turbine for the voltage

pro-tection settings.

7.3.2 LVRT Logic

As default, the Vestas GridStreamer

TM

wind turbines is a LVRT enabled turbine, and the

Vestas PSS/E model will represent this. The turbine is designed to stay connected on the

grid in case of a number of severe faults.

The LVRT option is affected by two user defined parameters (LVRT_flag and

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Table 11 Parameters of LVRT function

ICON

Parameter

Module

Description

I+3

LVRT_flag

GSVPRT

LVRT protection flag

I+2

AGO_enable

GSLVRT

AGO enable

LVRT mode can be enabled (set both “LVRT_flag” and “AGO_enable” to 1) or disabled

(set both “LVRT_flag” and “AGO_enable” to 0) by changing these two parameters in the

dyr file template.

The LVRT under voltage protection curve is represented by the parameters shown in

Table 12.

Table 12 LVRT settings (LVRT enabled)

Voltage limit Setting Timeout Setting

ULVRT1 0.00 tLVRT1 0.55 s

ULVRT2 0.70 tLVRT2 2.6 s

ULVRT3 0.70 tLVRT3 10 s

ULVRT4 0.70 tLVRT4 10 s

Note: the LVRT protection settings may vary with different turbine models. The user is

suggested to check the General Specification of the specified turbine for the LVRT

protec-tion settings.

The default low voltage ride-through protection settings for a connected turbine is

illustrat-ed in Figure 9.

Figure 9 LVRT protection limits for Vestas GridStreamerTM wind turbine defined in the protection sub-routine VWVPR6

7.3.3 Frequency Protection

The frequency protection is implemented having three protection levels for high

frequen-cies and three protection levels for low frequenfrequen-cies.

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Each protection level can be accepted within a certain time-window. If this window is

ex-ceeded, the turbine disconnects. Setting frequency and time limit equal to zero disables

the protection level.

The frequency protection setting may be seen below in Figure 10.

Frequency variation Time Hz 50 of1 of2 of3 tof1 tof2 tof3 uf1 uf2 uf3 tuf1 tuf2 tuf3

Figure 10 Frequency protection limits defined in the protection model VWFPR6

Table 13 Frequency protection settings

Frequency limit Setting for 50Hz Setting for 60Hz Timeout Setting

OF1 53 Hz 63.6 Hz tOF1 200 ms OF2 53 Hz 63.6 Hz tOF2 200 ms OF3 53 Hz 63.6 Hz tOF3 200 ms UF1 47 Hz 56.4 Hz tUF1 200 ms UF2 47 Hz 56.4 Hz tUF2 200 ms UF3 47 Hz 56.4 Hz tUF3 200 ms

Note: the frequency protection settings may vary with different turbine models. The user is

suggested to check the General Specification of the specified turbine for the frequency

protection settings.

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8 PSS/E Format Data Sheets

The PSS/E format data sheets for different modules of Vestas Ver 8.0 model are provided

in this Chapter.

Table 14 Summary of Vestas Ver 8.0 model

Module

Description

GSCORE

Core generator and grid converter functions

GSVARS

Common variable storage

GSLVRT

LVRT mode logic

GSPWRC

Generator power control

GSMEAS

Measured variables

GSVPRT

Voltage protection

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8.1 GSCORE

VESTAS R&D Nonstandard Model Data Sheet

Model Version 8.0.1 GSCORE

GSCORE

VESTAS WIND TURBINE GENERATOR (BEHAVIOURAL MODEL) This model is located at system bus # ________ (IBUS)

Machine ID # ________ (IMACH)

This model uses 2 ICONs starting with # ________ (I) and 45 CONs starting with # ________ (J) and 23 STATEs starting with # ________ (K) and 104 VARs starting with # ________ (L)

ICON # Value Description

I Not in use

I+1 Flag for internal loop mode,

FI

0 = not in internal loop mode

1 = in internal loop mode

CON # Vaule Description

J Generator kVA rating, S

J+1 Gen voltage rating, V

J+2 Rated rotor current, IR

J+3 Time constant for 10ms

moving average filter

J+4 Disp. J+5 Disp. J+6 Disp. J+7 P proportional gain J+8 P integral gain J+9 Q proportional gain J+10 Q integral gain

J+11 Lower limit for P control loop

J+12 Upper limit for P control loop

J+13 Lower limit for Qref

J+14 Upper limit for Qref

J+15 Limit for P (LVRT)

J+16 Limit for P at zero voltage (LVRT)

J+17 Slope for the power derate curve (LVRT) J+18 P positive slope J+19 P negative slope J+20 Disp. J+21 Disp. J+22 Disp. J+23 Model interface, MI

J+24 Stator volt. filter time const (current injection)

J+25 Stator volt. threshold (current injection)

J+26 Current injection mode.

J+27 Reserved for Future Version

STATE # Description

K Integ for active power

K+1 Integ for reactive power

K+2 Integ for measured voltage (10ms moving average)

K+3 Transient volt. real part

K+4 Transient volt. imag part

K+5 Disp.

K+6 Disp.

K+7 Stator volt. filtered real part (current injection)

K+8 Stator volt. filtered imag part (current injection)

K+9 Reserved for Future Version

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VARs # Description

L Disp.

L+1 Active current

L+2 Storage for raw real power

L+3 Storage for raw reactive power

L+4 Saved angle of stator voltage.

L+5 Reactive current

L+6 Voltage in power flow, real part

L+7 Voltage in power flow, imag prt

L+8 P from P_loop after limiter (pu)

L+9 Qref after limiter (pu)

L+10 Q from Q_loop after limiter (pu)

L+11 Active current from P_loop (pu)

L+12 Rective current from Q_loop (pu)

L+13 Memory for delay.

L+23 Memory pos. for delay. .

L+24 Required no. of pos. for delay.

L+25 Delta time for delay.

L+26 Next time step for update delay.

L+27 Delayed angle of voltage.

L+28 Limited Pref in normal control

L+29 Pref after slope limiter

L+30 Saved time for slope limiter

L+31 P before LVRTslope limiter

L+32 Limited Pref in LVRT

L+33 Pref before slope limiter

L+34 Max value for active current in LVRT

L+35 Reserved for Future Version

L+38 Save internal loop store(K) for GSCORE

L+39 Save internal loop store(K+1) for

GSCORE

L+40 Save internal loop store(K+2) for GSCORE

L+61 Save internal loop store(K) for GSLVRT

L+62 Save internal loop store(K+1) for GSLVRT

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Page: 34 of 53 GSLVRT

L+71 Save internal loop store(K) for GSPWRC

L+72 Save internal loop store(K+1) for GSPWRC

L+78 Save internal loop store(K) for GSMEAS

L+79 Save internal loop store(K+1) for GSMEAS

L+83 Save internal loop store(K+5) for

GSMEAS

Note: The synchronous generator arrays (SPEED, PMECH, XADIFD and ECOMP) are used for identifying the CONEC models placement in the ICON, CON, STATE and VAR arrays.

Note: The synchronous generator arrays (EFD) is used for identifying models connected to the same bus.

DYRE input line:

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8.2 GSVARS

Model Version 8.0.1 GSVARS

GSVARS

VESTAS WIND TURBINE VARIABLES INTERFACE This model is located at system bus # ________ (IBUS)

This model uses 2 ICONs starting with # ________ (I) and no CONs

and no STATEs

and 30 VARs starting with # ________ (L)

ICON # Value Description

I No. of wind farm bus, IBUS

I+1 Wind farm machine ID, IMACH

VARs # Description

L Available real power, Pset

L+1 Q or PF setpoint, Qset

L+2 Real power after PQ chart, Ptrim

L+3 React pwr after PQ chart, Qtrim

L+4 Real power after slope lim, Plim

L+5 React pwr after slope lim, Qlim

L+6 Real power request, Pref

L+7 Reactive power request, Qref

L+8 Real power output, Pactual

L+9 Reactive power output, Qactual

L+10 Real power measurement, Pmeas

L+11 React pwr measurement, Qmeas

L+12 Disp.

L+13 Disp. L+14 Disp.

L+15 AGO (LVRT) status, SAGO

L+16 Active current for LVRT, IP

L+17 Reactive current for LVRT, IQ

L+18 Reserved for Future Versions L+19 Reserved for Future Versions L+20 Reserved for Future Versions L+21 Reserved for Future Versions L+22 Reserved for Future Versions L+23 Reserved for Future Versions L+24 Reserved for Future Versions L+25 Reserved for Future Versions L+26 Reserved for Future Versions L+27 Reserved for Future Versions L+28 Reserved for Future Versions L+29 Reserved for Future Versions

Note: All power quantities are in per unit on the machine base.

DYRE input line:

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8.3 GSLVRT

Model Version 8.0.1 GSLVRT

GSLVRT

VESTAS WIND TURBINE GENERATOR LOW VOLTAGE RIDE THROUGH

This model is located at system bus # ________ (IBUS)

This model uses 3 ICONs at # ________ (I) and 65 CONs starting with # ________ (J) and 10 STATEs starting with # ________ (K) and 35 VARs starting with # ________ (L)

ICON # Value Description

I WTG bus number, IBUS

I+1 WTG machine ID, IMACH

I+2 AGO enabler (1=enable)

CONs # Value Description

J AGO threshold, VAGO

J+1 Disp.

J+2 RegainPQ delay

J+3 LVRT IP pos slope, RIP+, If

equal zero then disabled

J+4 LVRT IP neg slope, RIP-, If

J+5 LVRT IQ pos slope, RIQ+, If

J+6 LVRT IQ neg slope, RIQ-, If

J+7 Active Current Priority

1- Active current priority 0- Reactive current priority

J+8 Current Overload Factor (Ip

priority)

J+9 Offset (Ip priority)

J+10 Gain (Ip priority)

J+11 Short term current overload threshold, IR* J+12 Disp. J+13 Rated voltage, V J+14 Rated current, IR J+15 Disp. J+16 Disp. J+17 Disp. J+18 Disp. J+19 Disp. J+20 Disp. J+21 Disp. J+22 Disp. J+23 Disp.

J+24 AGO threshold, VAGO2., Leaving AGO [pu]

J+25 Disp.

J+26 Disp.

J+27 Time Constant for FRT Voltage Filter [s] (10ms filter)

J+28 Disp.

J+29 I_offset for LVRT curve

J+30 K Parameter for LVRT curve

J+31 QoffsetEnab for LVRT curve (1 to enable offset)

J+32 Fassym flag for Asymmetrical fault

(1 to enable asymmetrical Derating; 0 is default)

J+33 Upper limit of reactive current (CC_Lim)

J+34 Lower limit of reactive current (IC_Lim)

J+35 Reactive Current Point1U

J+39 Active Current Zone3U2

J+43 Active Current Zone3I

J+44 Active Current Zone2I

J+45 Reactive Current Point1I

J+48 Lower limit of voltage (U_LL_LIM)

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J+49 Higher limit of voltage (U_HL_LIM) J+50 Disp. J+51 Qref Derate1 J+52 Qref Derate2 J+53 Qref Derate3 J+54 Qref Derate4

J+55 Asym Reduc deadband

J+56 Asym Reduc kfactor

J+57 Asym Reduc limit

J+58 TotalCF

J+59 Time Constant for one min Voltage Filter [s]

J+60 Upper limit of OneMinAvg

J+61 Lower limit of OneMinAvg

J+62 HVRT Entry Threshold

J+63 HVRT Leaving Threshold

J+64 LVRT instantaneous Voltage Threshold

STATE # Description

K State for 10ms FRT Filter

K+1 State for 1 min Average Filter

K+2 Not in use K+3 Not in use K+4 Not in use K+5 Not in use K+6 Not in use K+7 Not in use K+8 Not in use K+9 Not in use VARs # Description

L Saved time for slope limiters

L+1 Slope limit value for IP

L+2 Slope limit value for IQ

L+3 Disp.

L+4 Input voltage for Ip calculation (Ip priority)

L+5 Active current (Ip priority)

L+6 Upper limit of Iq (Ip priority)

L+7 Lower limit of Iq (Ip priority)

L+8 Voltage signal used to compare with the threshold

L+9 Limited value of One minute moving average

L+10 Disp.

L+11 Memory for old value of realVoltStat

L+12 negative sequence magnitude (U-)

L+13 Recorded Time for FRT entry

Note: All power quantities are in per unit on the machine base. Slope limits are in p.u. per second.

Note: For the parameters that are not used for GridStreamerTM, please use the default values as given in the dyr template.

DYRE input line: