problems have been discovered as well as data have been obtained on a number of

PERSOONIA

Published by the Rijksherbarium, Leiden Volume _7, Part _{2, pp. 321-331 (1973)}

321

Notes on Michigan Boletaceae

Alexander+H. Smith

The

_{University Herbarium,}

The

_{University of Michigan,}

Ann

_{Arbor, Michigan 48104,}

U.S.A.

(With

seven

_Text-figures

and Plate

₂₇₎

Studies have continued on the diversity of the Michigan bolete flora. During the seasonof 1972 avariety of Boletus affinis Peck havinga reti-culate _stipe wasdiscovered and abundant material of Boletus bicolor var.

subreticulatus Smith & Thierswasobtained. Boletus hortonii Smith & Thiers was collectedon twooccasions and adetaileddescription was

prepared.

Boletus rubissimus sp. nov. is described. Specimens ofLeccinum aurantiacum from Franceare

reported

_upon, andcolor variants in Suillus arediscussed.

In

_Tylopilus

_amyloidreactions in T. sordidusarediscussed and T.subfusipes is describedas new.

The

_specimens

cited have all been

_deposited

in the

_University

Herbarium of the

University

of

_Michigan

_(MICH).

Color terms within

_quotation

marks are taken from R.

Ridgway,

'Color Standards and Color

_{Nomenclature', Washington}

D.C.

1912.

BOLETUS _{AFFINIS var.}

_reticulatus,

_{var. nov.}

Pileus 3-5cmlatus,lateconvexus,siccus, velutinus, ochraceo-brunneus("Sudan brown"), non-maculatus, cum 'KOH' ferrugineus. Contextus albidus, immutabilis, mitis. Pori fulvo-Since

_publishing

'The Boletes of

_Michigan'

_(Smith

&

_Thiers,

_1971),

Smith has continued his

_study

_{of this group in the}statewith the result thatanumber ofnew

problems

have been discovered_as well_as data have been obtained_{on a}number of

problems

of

_{long standing.}

In the

_following

accountsomeof the more

interesting

items

resulting

from continued field work in the state are

_presented.

One was the

discovery,

by

Mrs. Florence

_Hoseney,

ofa

Tylopilus

growing

in

connate clusters and

having

narrow _spores and a bitter taste. Another was the

discovery

ofavariant of Suillus

brevipes

in which the

_pileus

stains _or flushes

green

over extensive areas.

Also,

the taxonomic value of the

amyloid

reactions in the

Tylopilus

sordidus

_complex

still remain

_questionable

because of the erratic _pattern of appearance which

they

present. The

_problem,

_apparently,

concerns metabolic

products precipitated

inafortuitousmanner sothat similar resultsare neverobtained

inaconsistentpatternfromonefruit

_body

to

_another,

or evenfrom differentmounts

from thesame

basidiocarp.

This

phenomenon

isnot restricted tothe_genus

Tylopilus

in the Boletaceae.

_{Singer (1962)}

and Snell & Dick

₍₁₉₇₀₎

_{both described the genus} Xanthoconiumas

having

the

_{stipe entirely}

smooth. Here in

_Michigan

wehave

picked

ochracei. _Stipes

4-7 cm longus, 12-13mm crassus; subalbidus, reticulatus; reticulum cinna-momeum.Sporae 10.5-14 X 3.5-4.5

/

a. Highland Rec. reaction. _Area, Oakland

_County,

Michigan,

July 24, 1972, A. H. Smith 81176 (typus, MICH).

Pileus

3-5 cm

broad,

hemispheric

to

_broadly

convex,

dry,

velvety

to

_merely

unpolished, evenly

colored "Sudan brown" to"buckthorn brown" overall

(a

rich

yellow-brown),

margin

flush with the

_tubes;

KOH on cuticle

_ferruginous;

FeS0

4 noreaction. Context

whitish,

taste

_slight,

odornot

_distinctive,

with

KOH:

nocolor

change.

Tubes mature, all dull

amber-brown,

adnate,

plane, spotting

rusty ochraceous

to dull "Sudan

brown,"

noblue stains

evident;

_pores

minute, nearly

concolorous with the

pileus

when mature.

Stipe

4-7 cm

long,

12-13 mm

thick, equal,

solid,

distinctly

reticulate overall

with a brown

("Sayal

brown")

reticulum on a

pallid

to brownish

ground

color,

base white and nakedat

first,

the brown color

gradually extending

baseward until entire

_stipe

is colored.

Spore

deposit

rusty ochraceous.

Spores

io.5-i4(-i5)

X _3.5-4.5

/i,

smooth;

in

profile narrowly inequilateral,

in face view

_suboblong

to

bluntly navicular,

bright

ochraceous in

_KOH,

_pale

_rusty brown in Melzer's.

Basidia

_{4-spored, clavate, 6-7}

//.

broad, hyaline

in KOH.

Pleurocystidia scattered,

subaciculate,

30-45 X

6-9

/u,

hyaline

in

KOH,

in Melzer's manyseen to havea J;

granular

dark

_yellow-brown

content.

_{Cheilocystidia}

similar to

_{pleurocystidia}

and

hyaline,

some clavate cells with

golden-ochraceous

incrustations also _present.

Caulocystidia

abundant,

clavate,

25-38

X 10-18 //,

hyaline

and thin-walled in

KOH, yellow

in

_Melzer's;

small dextrinoid

_particles

and incrustations _present and

these _very abundant on cortical

_hyphae

as revived in Melzer's.

Tubetramawith boletoid

hyphal

arrangement

(hyphae diverging

fromacentral

strand.).

Pilear cuticle a

closely packed

trichodermium of inflated cells

_9-18

fiwide

giving

an

impression

ofacellular

layer (epithelium)

but the terminal cells i

cystid-ioid and acute toobtuseat_apex,these cells

upto _{15 /x}ormorewide and the

layer

yellow

in KOH _exceptfor the

_hyaline

ultimate and

_{penulatimate cells;}

dextrinoid debris

_conspicuous

in the cellular

_layer.

Tramal

_body

of wide

_{(12-15 fi) hyphae}

with fine

_particles

scattered in the intercellular

spaces or on the

hyphal

walls

(not

as

dextrinoid _as the

_particles

in the

_cuticle).

_Clamp

connections none.

Gregarious

under oak-beech

_(old

_growth

_stand).

_Highland

Recreation

_Area,

Oakland

County,

Michigan, July

24, 1972, A. H. Smith

81176

(type,

MICH).

OBSERVATIONS. —This variant is

_clearly

_a “Xanthoconium”in the_senseof

_Singer.

It is closest to Boletus

_affinis

var.

affinis

but differs

_sharply

in the

_stipe

_being

reticulate

(quite obviously so)

tonearthe

base,

and in

having

spores

measuring slightly

smaller. The

_degree

towhich dextrinoid debrisoccurs in the tissues ofvar. reticulatus is rather

striking,

but its taxonomic

_significance

remains to be established.

BOLETUS BICOLOR var. SUBRETICULATUS Smith & Thiers

During

the season of 1972 near Oak Grove in

Livingston

County,

Michigan,

fruitings

of hundreds of

_basidiocarps

were

observed,

and variation within B.

_bicolor,

especially

var.

subreticulatus,

was studied in detail. The

following

characters were

observed:—

(1)

The reticulum at the

apexof the

stipe:

It is obscure inmostyoung basidio-carps, but evident at

_maturity

_{and in age, and is} to be

_regarded

as arather

con-SMITH: Noteson Michigan Boletaceae 323

stantfeature of

_freshly

matured fruit bodies. It is_present to the same

degree

that

one finds it in Boletus sensibilis Peck.

₍₂₎

The color of the

pileus:

It is _very closeto "brick red" and _soon fades_so thatmature _capshave

usually

lost the

_deep

redtone.

In fact about half of all the

_basidiocarps

seenhad lost

nearly

all the red tints

_(but

were,

admittedly,

past

maturity).

The red

_pigment

is located in the

_epicuticular

hyphae

andastheseare

pulled

apart

by

the

_expansion

of the

_{pileus, yellow}

becomes the dominant color.

₍₃₎

The tubes:

_They

were

typically

adnate-decurrent and short.

They

often

_split

instead of

_separating

when broken downward. In_var.

_{bicolor, they}

tendtobecome

_depressed

around the

_stipe

and toseparatewhen broken downward.

(4)

Staining

reactions: The context, tubes and

_{stipe readily changed}

to blue when

injured. (5)

Size: The dimensions_as recorded_on

paper maycreateafalse

impression

astothe

_proportions

of the fruit

_body.

Var. subreticulatus

_typically

hasaslender

_stipe

in relationto the width of the

_pileus.

_Young

_stages resemble

_closely

Peck's

₍₁₈₇₂₎

illustration of the

type

variety.

Innoneof the

basidiocarps

didone get the

impression

ofa

thick-stiped species

asshown in the upper

figure

of Snell & Dick

_{(1 970)}

.

However,

these authors have dealt with the variants of this

species

remarkably

well in their

plate

40

(1970).

Their

upper

figure

is of the robust variant of thetype

variety

as I

have

_always

known it since my student

days.

Their central lower

figure

appearsto

me tobe

_typical

ofvar. subreticulatus. The

_figures

tothe left andtothe

_right

_represent the_type

_variety

asillustrated

by

Peck. The

_point

of all this is thatto me the robust variant is_{a true}Boletus in thesenseof

Singer (1962),

whereas B. bicolorvar.

subreticu-latus is _a "

Xerocomus” _a

genus I do not

recognize

as distinct from Boletus.

BOLETUS HORTONII Smith & Thiers—Pl. 27

This boletewasfirst describedasBoletus

subglabripes

var.

corrugis by

Peck. Thevery

irregular pilear

surface

_obviously

influenced the choice of the varietal

_epithet.

Sinceno

criticalaccount basedonfresh

specimens

is available, the

following

oneis

offered:

—

Pileus 5-9cm

broad,

convex,

becoming broadly

convex, surface

coarsely

rugulose-pitted

anduneven, oftenmoreso toward the

margin,

colorvariable-reddish cinna-mon with olive-brown areas or rather

_evenly

colored

_by

either of these

_colors,

redder in

_drying

but_some

_{pilei retaining}

olive-buff_areas,

_margin

_even. Context whitish

_becoming

_yellow

over the

_{tubes, pinkish}

under the

_cuticle,

taste mild

_(or

the cuticle

_{slightly acid-bitterish),}

when cut

showing

occasional

very

weakly

bluish areasand the line above the tubes

_becoming

bluish green; KOH on cuticle

merely

brownish.

Tubes about 1 cm

deep

at

_{maturity, yellow}

at

_{first, greenish}

_{in age, very}

_faintly

blue where bruised _{or cut,} adnate _or

_depressed

around the

_stipe;

pores

minute,

yellow

at

_{first, olive-green}

_{in age,}

_{staining slowly}

to dull cinnamon if bruised.

Stipe 4-8

cm

long,

12-18mm thick,

equal, pith

white,

cortex

yellow (and

color

more

pronounced

in

_age);

surface

_bright

_yellow,

naked to

pruinose,

in _age dis-colored below to ± cinnamon buff.

Spore

deposit

olive-brown.

_Spores

_13-15 X 4-4.5 fi,

smooth,

inequilateral

in

profile,

in face view navicular to

_subelliptic,

_weakly

ochraceous to

pale

tawny in

KOH,

yellowish

to tan in

Melzer's;

wall _{about 0.3 fj, thick.}

Basidia 9-10.5 fi broadnearapex,

clavate, 4-spored, hyaline

in KOH and

practi-cally

so in Melzer's.

Pleurocystidia

nonefound.

Cheilocystidia

narrowly elongate,

40-65

X _{2-3 /x}

(at base)

X 4-5 //, at apex, this type

typically originating

froma

ventricose

_{cystidium-like}

cell as an

apical proliferation

differentiated by

a septum;

someaciculate tofusoid-ventricose cells also presenton tube

edges,

these

18-27

x

3—5(—

io

₎

/J,,

hyaline

and smooth.

_{Caulocystidia}

in

_patches

of

_{caulohymenium,}

dextrinoid when first revived in Melzer's but _soon

_fading,

tubular with _a blunt apexand

measuring

25-50 x

5-8

fi,

arising

as the terminal cell ofafilamentor as an

apical

prolongation

of aventricose cell _{10-15 ji}wide.

Tube trama of

hyphae

divergent

from _a central strand

_(the

boletoid

_type),

hyaline

to

yellowish

in KOH and in Melzer's

_{respectively.}

Pileartrama of

inter-woven

hyphae

8-20 fi

wide, yellowish

to

hyaline

in KOH orMelzer's but with a

strong

"fleeting

amyloid"

reaction.

_Hyphae

of

_stipe

cortex

_{perpendicular,}

_{7-25 /}1

wide,

walls ofsome

hyphal

cells thickened to 2 _fx or more and the wall

distinctly

amyloid

under the

_{microscope (but}

often

_only

in the

_region

near thesepta orin the

thickened_part of the

_wall,

manycells

entirely inamyloid

and

thin-walled),

some

cells with both

_deep

red and blue _presentin different_areas.

_Clamp

connections

not found.

Gregarious

on humus in low oak

woods,

Highland

Recreation

_Area,

Oakland

County,

Michigan, July

24, 1972, A. H. Smith

81172,

81188. The collectionswere

made in the same woods but about a mileapart.

OBSERVATIONS.—The above

_description

is drawn

_entirely

from the collections cited to avoid any

possible

confusion. The

_positive

features which _{cause me} to

identify

these collections_as B. hortonii_are the

_{rugose-pitted roughened}

_pileus,

the_aspectof Boletus

_{subglabripes,}

_{the very}

_{slight bluing reaction,}

_{the spore}

_size,

and the details of the

_pileus

cuticle. On the other

_hand,

the characters noted in these collections which

appearto

distinguish

them from the

type of B. hortoniiarethe

elongated

narrowly

clavate

_{proliferations}

from ventricose cells—here termed

_{cheilocystidia,}

and which

appear to be a

_secondary

_{development—and}

the

_amyloid

reactions of the cortical cells of the

_stipe

in

freshly

dried mature

basidiocarps.

At the_present

_{time, however,}

I do not feel

justified

in

_using

these features in

establishing

a'new

_species'.

Since the

_{proliferations}

of the cuticular cells of the

_pileus

areafeature of Peck's _type,and since the

_{elongated cheilocystidia}

of the₁₉₇₂ collect-ions are most numerouson the older

basidiocarps

for thepresent I

interpret

them

as an

expression

of_oneand the same

_genetic

setof factors. At least this seems tobe

the sensible course to follow untilamuch

larger sample

of the

_species

is availabke for

_study.

The

_amyloid

reaction _on the

_hyphae

of the

_stipe

_was demonstrated_onold but

notonyoung material.

Also,

it tendstofade inanhouror so. Iwasunableto

demon-strateitonother collections

_(from

Massachusetts and Ohioaswellasfrom

Michigan)

which have been in the herbarium for _anumber of

years. This is unusual for the iodine reactions

_generally

_{are more}reliable_on dried material that has been in the herbarium for _{many years} than onfreshor

recently

dried

_specimens.

No

_amyloid

reaction wasfoundon the cortical

hyphae

of the

stipe

of Boletus

subglabripes.

Because

of these

considerations,

I

prefer

to

study

the

_problem

further. One

_{point, however,}

SMITH:Motes on Michigan Boletaceae ₃₂₅

arevery

closely

related,

and have no close

_relationship

to _{the genus Leccinum other}

than the fact

_they

_are boletes. The

_stipe

in B. hortonii is less

_distinctly

ornamented than that of B.

_{subglabripes.}

Boletus

rubissimus,

sp. nov.

Pileus_4-9cmlatus,convexusdemum lateconvexus, impolitus, siccus, canescens, rubissimus

("Pompeian red"),

demum ad_{marginem sulphureus}vel ochraceo-roseus. Contextuspallide luteus, immutabilis, mitis. Pori laete lutei, 2-3 per mm. Stipes 7-9 cm longus, 16-23mm crassus, sursum laeteluteus, deorsumflavus, tactu caeruleus, pruinosus; pruinalaeterosea.

Sporae9-11 x 3-4 u. Highland Recreation Area, Oakland County, Michigan, Tuly

1972, A. H. Smith 81187.

(typus,

MICH).

Pileus 4-9cm

broad,

convex

becoming broadly

convex, surface

unpolished

and

dry

when _very fresh with a

hoary sheen,

"Pompeian

red" _over all at_except the

bright yellow

("sulphur yellow"

or more

ochraceous)

margin,

disc

_retaining

the

pinkish

redtones. Context

thick, pale yellow,

taste

mild,

not

staining

blue whencut

or

only weakly

so and _{then in very limited}areas. KOH on

pilear

cuticle:

_slowly

yellow

onthe

pink surface;

NH4

OH: _no color

_change

_on

_{pilear cuticle;}

FeS0 4

:

on

context gray.

Tubes

_{(all young)}

_2-4 mm

deep,

bright

yellow,

staining

a

grayish

blue when

injured, depressed

around the

_stipe;

_{pores minute}

_(2-3

_permmin young

material),

lemon-yellow

becoming

dingy

near

maturity.

Stipe

7-9cm

long,

16-23

mm

thick, equal, solid, pale yellow above,

flavous

_below,

whencut

_turning

blue in localareas nearbase and these

eventually

reddish

_stained,

paler yellow above;

surface flushed

_pompeian

red_over lower

_portion

and

_pruinose,

yellow

above and there

_finely

_reticulate,

_yellow

_mycelium

around base.

Spores

9-11 X 3—

4(—4.5)

p,

smooth,

yellowish

in KOH and

yellowish hyaline

in

Melzer's,

in

_profile

somewhat

_{inequilateral,}

in face view almost

_{oblong varying}

to

narrowly ellipsoid,

wall thin

_(-0.2

p

thick).

Basidia

_28-34

X _7-9

p,

4-spored,

clavate,

hyaline

in KOH and

yellowish

in Melzer's.

Pleurocystidia

numerous, 37-55 X _{9—14 p,} fusoid-ventricose and

_tapered

toan acute apex,

hyaline

in KOH _orin

_{Melzer's, thin-walled, smooth,}

content not

distinctive

_('empty').

Cheilocystidia

either similar to

_{pleurocystidia}

or smaller

(20-35

X 4-10

p)

and aciculateto

clavate, remaining

yellow

in KOH

_(on

fresh

material)

for sometime before

_fading,

some

yellow incrusting

materialseen on some

cells

_(but

this not

characteristic).

Caulohymenium

of

_cystidia

and

_basidia,

the

cystidia 28-56

x 7-17/1,

mostly

fusoidto _{fusoid-ventricose and many with}

_yellow

content

(in KOH),

varying

toward clavate

_(apex

obtuse and neck

_lacking),

thin-walled, smooth;

flexuous filamentose elements also _present in the

_layer.

Tubetrama of

hyaline

thin-walled

_{hyphae 6-9}

p

wide,

tubularoranoccasional

hypha

with inflated cells _up to 15-20 p

wide,

wall in both _types thin and

_hyaline,

arrangementboletoid

(hyphae

divergent

to

subhymenium).

Pileus trama of

com-Eactly

interwoven

hyphae 8-15

p

wide,

walls thin and

hyaline.

Cuticle of

pileus

a

asal

_layer

of interwoven

_hyaline

_{(in KOH)}

_hyphae

_3-7

p wide from theupper surface of which arrises a trichodermium in

patches

ofnarrow

_hyphae

_{(2-3.5 p)>}

sparingly

septateand with end-cells

having parallel

walls

_{(in optical section)}

and the apex

blunt,

walls smooth and thin.

_Clamp

connections _none.

Scattered

among bushes of Vaccinium under

oak,

Highland

Recreation

Area,

Oakland

_{County Michigan, Juli}

_{25, 1972, A.} H. Smith

₈₁₁₈₇

₍

c_yPe;

MICH).

Leccinum aurantiacum. — _5. Pleurocystidia. — 6. Hyphae from

pilear

cuticle

showing pigment globules and _granules.— _7. Spores.

Sporesasreproduced approximately X 600; hyphaeand hyphalend-cellsapproximately

X425.

Figs. 1-4.

Tylopilus

sordidus

_(a

_variant). — 1. A pleurocystidum with

_granular

_amyloid

content and _onewith _{coagulated amyloid}content (revivedin _Melzer’s). —

2. Cheilocystidia with _amyloid material _adhering to surface. — _3. Cells from _pilear trichodermium with

amyloid content and amyloid incrusting material. — _4. Spores with amyloid incrusting

material and amyloid content.

SMITH:Notes on Michigan Boletaceae ₃₂₇

327

OBSERVATIONS.—The salient features of this boleteare the fine reticulationover the

uppermost

portion

of the

stipe,

the most beautiful

deep pink

color of the

_pileus

imaginable

(and

which is

_persistent

overthe

disc),

the short spores, and the weak and

_sporadic

color

_change

toblue in thecontextof the

_pileus

_{and upperpart}of the

stipe.

It is afifth

_species

in the

stirps Regius

of Boletus. Boletus

speciosus,

B.

peckii,

and B.

_pseudopeckii

are the others. B. rubissimus differs from B.

_speciosus,

themost similar

one of the _{group, in shorter spores}

_(9—11

X _{3-4.5 fi}

_compared

to _n-15 X _3-4

_p),

in

_having

_aweak and

spotty

change

toblue_exceptfor the_young

tubes,

and in the

hoary

sheen of young

pilei along

with the rather

_{inconspicuous}

reticulationon the

stipe.

Boletus

_pseudopeckii

is

_readily

_{distinguished}

_by

its dull red

_pileus

at first soon

becoming brown, by

its

spores

(10-14

X 3.5-4

f*), by

the lack ofany trichodermial

development

of the

_pilear

_epicutis,

and more extensive

_development

of the retic-ulum_over the

stipe.

Boletus

regius

hasspores 11—16 x _{4-5 fi,}and

_quite

adifferent

patternof

pigmentation,

but the color

change

toblue in both appears tobe rather

similar

_{(see Singer,}

_{1967: 40).}

Boletus

_peckii

differs in the

_strongly

reticulated

_stipe

(as

described

_{by Peck),}

_abitter taste

(as reported by

Coker &

Beers),

in

_having

very few

pleurocystidia

and in

_having

the

_hyphae

of the

_pilear

trichodermium

_4-8

(—10)

ftwide in

sharp

contrast to_{the 2-4 /< width of the}

_hyphae

asfound in B. rubis-simus.

LECCINUM AURANTIACUM

(St-Amans)

S. F.

_{Gray —Figs.}

5-7

Smith,

Thiers &

_Watling

₍₁₉₆₆₎

_published

an account of this

_species

based

largely

on American

collections,

but no neotypewas

designated.

In fact it would have been

_{inappropriate}

to doso, since thename

originated

with Bulliard and we

didnot

_study

material from his area. Butover the years there has been much

con-fusion

_regarding

the

_application

of Bulliard's_name—and Iamafraid this confusion has been carried into the modern

_literature,

see

Singer,

1967,

and

_Smith,

Thiers &

Watling,

1966.

Bulliard's

_(1809,

₁₈₁₂₎

_plates

₂₃₆

and

₄₈₉

_fig.

2, show an

orange-red

Leccinum

withno

overlapping

sterile

_{pilear margin,}

afeature which Smith & al

₍₁₉₆₆₎

usedto

distinguish

the section Leccinum with L. aurantiacumasthe_type.

Singer (1967)

made thesamemistake since he listed B.

versipellis

Fr.asasynonym of"Leccinum aurantiacum

(Bull,

ex

St-Amans)

S. F.

Gray." (Fries

described Boletus

versipellis

in

1838,

p. 424

as follows: "... velo membran. annulari inflexo

appendiculato

..." astatement which

_clearly

indicates an

appendiculate

pilear

margin).

This situationwas

_again

_brought

to mind

by

a collection made south of

_Dole,

France,

in the

companyof Dr. Vincent Demoulin of

Lifege,

Belgium.

We founda

collection of three

_basidiocarps

in

_perfect

condition which answered

_perfectly

to Bulliard's illustrations. To make a

long

story

short,

a

description

of this material

follows:—

Pileus 8-12 _cm

_{broad, hemispheric}

to convex,

becoming broadly

convex, surface

continuous at first but toward the

_margin

with minute

_appressed

_squamules,

margin

not

_{distinctly appendiculate}

_(a

very narrow

inconspicuous

sterile zone

present).

Context white

_quickly

_changing

to

_{watery-vinaceous}

to

_{vinaceousgray}

to bluish

fuscous,

odor and taste

_pleasant.

Tubes _1.3—1.5cm

deep

in mature

pilei,

depressed

around the

_stipe,

whitishto

"ivory

yellow"

(very

weakly

yellowish)

to

_grayish,

_staining

as in the context if

injured;

pores

small,

whitishto

(temporarily) ivory yellowish,

dark grayorbrownish

in _age, ifrubbed

_{lightly staining yellowish,}

if

_severely

_injured

_changing

asin the context.

Stipe

up to 12 cm

long

and _{3.5 cm}

_{thick, enlarged}

_evenly

_downward,

_ground

color

_white;

ornamentation black in _age, white at first and

becoming

reddishto reddish brown before

_blackening,

darkened_areas

maybe inasubreticulate_pattern, no blue

_staining

evident.

Spores

12—15 X _{3.5—5 fi,}

smooth, narrowly inequilateral

in

_profile,

in face view

narrowly subfusoid,

apex

lacking

a

pore,color in KOH dull

cinnamon,

in Melzer's

pale

dull cinnamon. Basidia

_4-spored,

9-12 u wide at apex,

hyaline

in KOH.

Pleurocystidia

34—56(-63)

X _{9-14 fi,}fusoid withacute apex,

thin-walled, smooth,

hyaline

and

_'empty'

as revived in KOH. Pileus cuticle of

_appressed

_hyphae

con-taining

adissolved red to _orange

pigment

and 5-10

(12-20)

/i

wide,

wall in wide

hyphae

with an

irregular hyaline

outer thin sheath

_(revived

in

_KOH).

OBSERVATIONS.—The

_pileus

dries_rusty reddish _as in American collections

_placed

under this name.Smith & al.

_{(1966) used,}

as oneof the

distinguishing

features of the

'type'

variety

of L.

aurantiacum,

the fact that the intracellular

_pigment

in _many cuticular

_hyphae,

when revived in

_Melzer's,

rounded

up into

'pigment

globules'

whichwere _{0.5-10 /i}in diam. The collection from France also shows this character

clearly.

But the American ‘L. aurantiacum’ and Bulliard's

_species

differ

_sharply

in the

degree

to which the sterile

pilear marginal

membrane

_develops,

and in its behavior

asthe

pileus expands.

Ifwe formulatea_concept from Bulliard's

plates

with

micro-scopic

characters added from the collection south of

_{Dole, France,}

wehave the

fol-lowing: (1) pileus margin

not

distinctly

appendiculate;

(2)

pileus ferruginous

red

(orange-red);

(3)

ornamentation of

_stipe

_passing

from white

_through

reddish to reddish brown before

_becoming

_blackish;

₍₄₎

tubes

_pallid

_(whitish)

or so

_lightly

tinted

_yellow

_astobe

_{scarcely yellow}

at

_{all; (5) pigment globules}

insomeof the cutic-ular

_hyphae

of the

_pileus

_asrevived in

_Melzer's;

and

_(6),

thecut flesh

changing

through

reddishto fuscous. I believe thata_neotype should be selectedto 'anchor'

Bulliard'snameto a

fungus

with the above six essential

_features,

or

perhaps

in the

interim, regard

Bulliard's two

published plates

as asubstitute for the type. Our collection is not sufficientto establish _aneotypeand make the

properdistribution of

_specimens.

But it doesserve,

along

with the account

_by

Kuhner &

_Romagnesi

(

1953:

4°)

which

_emphasizes

the color of the intracellular

_pigment,

to

_clearly

show thataLeccinum withared

pileus

and_{a non-crenate}

_{pilear margin}

does

_exist,

and in

my estimationmust be

_regarded

as the

type-variant

of the

_species.

The American variant

_previously

_designated

_as the _type differs in the

_{distinctly appendiculate}

pilear

margin

as

previously

stated.

Leccinum

_insigne

has the color of L. aurantiacum in its_type

_variant,

but the

_pigment

isnotstable and breaks down in

_drying

sothat dried

_specimens

can be

_{distinguished}

SMITH: NotesonMichigan Boletaceae 329

at a

glance.

Both havesome very wide

epicuticular hyphae

which form the fibrils notednear the

margin.

Both the American and

_European

L. aurantiacum have

pig-ment

globules

in some of the cuticular

hyphae,

but theseare absent in the type of L.

insigne.

Thus thetwo

species

are more

readily distinguished

in the herbarium

than in the field.

SUILLUS BREVIPES

(Peck)

Kuntze

Smith &

Trappe

(1972)

published

an account of collections of Suillus imitatus Smith &

_Thiers,

in which the

_pilei

became flushed with oliveto dark bluish green, yet

signs

of deterioration of

anykind in the

basidiocarp

were absent. In some in-stances

_pilei

thatwere

entirely

dark greenwereobserved. We

thought

that S. imitatus

was the

only

species

in which this

change

occurred,

buton October 13, 1971, at

Midland, Michigan,

under Pinus resinosus itwasobserved in S.

_{brevipes (Smith 80863).}

Four outof five

basidiocarps

in the

groupshowed

splashes

of dullgreenonthe

pileus.

These varied inextentwith the individual fruit

body

but inno case did

_they

cover more than half of the

_pileus.

Suillus imitatus is _an annulate

_species

not

closely

relatedto S.

brevipes

within the genus Suillus. Therefore the

possibility

that

_only

one

species

is involved in this

green-staining phenomenon

is ruled out.The

_only

commonenvironmental factorwas that

in both instances the collectionswere found after

periods

of cold rain. No

freezing

was involved that I am awareof

though

night

temperatureshad been low in each

area.

The variant of S. imitatus_was

_formally

described_as a

variety

but the

designation

of

_forma

as a category

might

be more

logical

in view of the

Michigan

find. Before

making

any formal

changes,

however,

it would be advisabletoknow more about

the nature of the

change

and its

_possible

_occurrence in still other

_species.

The

_microscopic

data _on Smith

₈₀₈₆₃

are as follows:

Spores

7-8

X

2.8—3.2

p,

smooth,

in face view

_oblong

to

_{narrowly boat-shaped,}

in

_{profile obscurely}

inequi-lateral, nearly hyaline

in KOH. Basidia

15-21 X

5-6.5

p,

clavate, 4-spored.

Pleuro-cystidia

in clusters surrounded

_by

_rusty brown

_incrusting

materialor some of this

in the cells

_themselves,

the

_{cystidia 4-6}

_p

wide, cylindric,

and variable_asto

length.

Cheilocystidia

notseen

(edge

maybe identified of

copious

incrustations

obscuring

cellular

_detail).

Pellicle of

_pileus

anixocutisasrevived inKOH.

_Clamp

connections

not found.

TYLOPILUS SORDIDUS

(Frost)

Smith & Thiers

—Figs.

1—4

Smith & Thiers

₍₁₉₇₁₎

commentedon the

amyloid

reactions of tissues in a

collec-tion

_(Hoseney

₅₃₈₎

identified _as this

_{species (but}

with

_{reservations).}

On

_July

_25,

1972 at the

_Highland

Recreation

_Area,

Oakland

_County,

_Michigan,

a collection

(Smith 81193)

wasmade in which the

_basidiocarps

shed further

_light

onthe

_amyloid

reactions of

_species

in this

genus. Four

basidiocarps

were found

growing

solitary,

studied

_individually

before

_{being grouped}

under the above mentionedcollection num-ber. One

_basidiocarp

was

just

pastthe button_stage, two weremature, andone was

old. In the _{youngest stage}

_amyloid

debrisor

_{adhering amyloid}

materialor

amyloid

cellcontent wasdifficultto

find,

but after much

_searching,

three

_examples

of itwere

found in the fresh material in the

_pilear

cuticle. Itwas also

sparingly

demonstrated

again

after the

_specimen

had been dried. In the mature_group material_was found

capping

some

cheilocystidia,

itwas rare

(but

presentin

places)

in the

_{pilear cuticle,}

it occurred inafew

pleurocystidia

asa

granular

content, and inor onsomeimmature

basidiospores.

In the old

_{specimen amyloid}

material distributedas described above

occurred with

greater

frequency

in both fresh and dried

specimens.

When found

capping

cheilocystidia

or spores, rod-like extensions of

amyloid

capping

material

(resembling

chromosomes stained with

_crystal

_violet)

_were evident. Within the

spores therewasnopatternfor the

amyloid

bodies observed either_{as to}

_shape

_orage of

spore.

Very rarely

a_sporewith interior

amyloid

bodies was found in which the

apex was

capped

by

amyloid

material.

The characteristic inflated

cheilocystidia

of T. sordidus_were

presentin all basidio-carps, but the

large

thick-walled spores mentioned

by

Smith & Thiers

(1971)

were

absentto_veryrare andweredemonstrated

satisfactorily only

in theoldest

_basidiocarp.

In all the

basidiocarps

the context stained blue

slowly

and then

_reddish,

the tubes

were gray in

all,

and the

stipe

was

pruinose

but not reticulate.

The collection discussed here is still

_regarded

as a variant of T. sordidus. The behavior of the

_amyloid

material_suggests that it is a transient_stagein the

develop-ment of the

basidiocarp

or

possibly

a

product produced

in smallamounts which accumulatesas the

basidiocarps

age. Since the location of the materialcannot be

predicted,

i.e.on

cystidia,

on orin spores, orin cells of

pileus

cuticleoron

them,

it

doesnotmeetthe criteria ofavalid taxonomic character. Itmustalso be remembered that the presence of this material has been noted for a number of

species

of the Boletaceae.

Tylopilus

subfusipes,

sp. nov.

Pileus4-8 cmlatus, convexus, glaber, subviscidus, variegatus (pallidus etgriseo-brunneus vel subspadiceus), pelliculosus; contextus amarus, inodorus, subgelatinosus; tubuli albidi demumincarnati; pori griseo-albididemumincarnati,tactutardebrunnei:stipes

4-6 (-8)

cm

longus,10-15mm _{crassus,deorsum attenuatus,}non-reticulatus, pallidusvel sordidebrunneus, udus,tactu incarnato-brunneus;sporae in cumulis incarnatae; 10-13.5 X _{2.9-3.3 jx.}Prope Pinckney, Michigan, Livingston County, August 11, 1972,Florence Hoseney2226 (typus, MICH).

Pileus

_4-8

_cm

_broad,

_convex to

plane,

the

_margin

wavyand turned up in age,

glabrous, tacky

tosubviscid

fresh,

surface mottledto

variegate (color

uneven,

pallid

insomeareas,

dingy yellow-brown

elsewhere and withsome areas

grayish

brown—

reminding

oneofa medium-dark

pileus

of B.

griseus

Frost in

Peck);

pellicle

often

separable

as athin

_{hyaline layer.}

Context

_{watery-mottled, soft,}

taste

_bitter,

odor

not

distinctive,

with FeS04 olivaceous.

SMITH: Notes on Michigan Boletaceae 331

adnate to

subdecurrent;

pores about 2 per mm,

staining

rusty vinaceous then a

dingy

brown when bruised.

Stipe 4-8

cm

long,

10-15111111 at_apex,

_tapered

toa

point

below

_(connate),

surface

unevenbut not

reticulate,

ground

color whitish but

_obscurely

streaked _or flushed

pinkish

brown,

not viscid but

_feeling

wet to the

touch,

where cut

staining

dingy

pinkish

brown.

Spore deposit dingy pink,

aboutas in T.

_{felleus (Fr.)}

Karsten.

_Spores

_10-13.5 X 2.9-3.3 /L

smooth,

apex

lacking apical differentiation,

color in KOH

_hyaline

and

nearly

so in

Melzer's;

shape

in face view

_suboblong

to

narrowly

subfusoid,

in

profile narrowly

inequilateral.

Basidia

_4-spored,

clavate.

_{Pleurocystidia}

clavateto

submucronate,

9-13 [i

broad,

content reddish in Melzer's in fresh material but

_amorphous

and ochraceous in dried material

_(in

both Melzer's and

_KOH),

imbedded in the

_hymenium.

Cheilo-cystidia

basidiole-like but

_mostly

_yellow

revived in KOH or Melzer's.

Pileus cuticle_a thick

_{tangled iayer}

of

hyphae

3-5 f.i broad and

appearing

tobe

separated

by

slime,

yellowish

in

_Melzer's;

_no

_amyloid

_debris,

_{incrustations,}

or

distinative cell-content _seen.

Clamp

connections not _present.

Cespitose-gregarious

under

_oak,

near

Pinckney,

Livingston

County,

Michigan,

Aug.

11, 1972, Florence

Hoseney

2226,

(type

MICH).

OBSERVATIONS.—The

pellicle

of the

pileus,

the_connate

stipes,

the very_narrow

spores and

_{yellow cystidial}

content asrevived in Melzer's

along

with lack of reticulation

on the

_stipe,

_distinguish

this

_species

among the bitter ones with vinaceous spore

deposits.

The wet

_consistency

and 'feel'

_along

with the _very soft

_{subgelatinous}

tissues

_(pileus

and

_tubes)

are also

_striking

features.

LITERATURE CITED

BULLIARD, J. B. F.

₍₁₈₀₉

& 1812). Histoire des champignons de la France. FRIES, E. M. _{(1838). Epicrisis Systematis mycologici. Upsaliae.}

PECK, CH. H. _{(1872). Report}of the Botanist. In Ann. _Rep.N.Y.St. Mus. nat. Hist. _24:78. SINGER,R.(1947).The Boletineae of Florida with notesonextralimitalspecies—III. In Am.

Midi. Nat. _{37: 1-135.}

(1962). The _Agaricales in modern

taxonomy. 2nd Ed. Weinheim.

(1967). Die_Rohrlinge II. Die Boletoideae und _{Strobilomycetaceae.} In Pilze Mittel-europas 6. Bad Heilbrunn.

SMITH, A. H. & H. D. THIERS (1971

_).

The boletes of Michigan. Ann Arbor.

SMITH, A._H., H. D. THIERS, & R.WATLING(1966).A preliminary account of the North American species of Leccinum Section Leccinum.

.

In Mich. Bot. _{5: 131-178.}

SMITH, A. H.& _J. M. TRAPPE _(1972).The _{higher fungi}of_Oregon's Cascade Head Experi-mental Forest and vicinity—I. The_genus Phaecollybia (Agaricales) andnotes and des-criptions of otherspecies in the Agaricales.In Mycologia 64: 1138-1153.

SNELL, W. H. & E. A. DICK _(1970).The Boleti of Northeastern North America. Lehre.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE ₂₇