JD*(W10-235-02)
ADDITIONAL MATERIALS
In addition to this paper you may require a calculator and a ruler.
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.
You are reminded of the necessity for good English and orderly presentation in your answers.
GCSE 235/02 SCIENCE
HIGHER TIER BIOLOGY 1
A.M. THURSDAY, 14 January 2010 45 minutes
For Examiner’s use only
Question Maximum Mark
Mark Awarded 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
4 5 6 7 3 7 7 7 4 Total 50
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(0235-02)
4 Answer all questions.
1. The diagram shows a section through the skin.
(a) Label A and B on the diagram. [2]
(b) Explain how the blood vessels help to control body temperature in hot conditions. [2]
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
blood vessel B . . . .
A . . . .
(0235-02) 5 Turn over.
2. The lengths of the leaves of two 76 year old oak trees, A and B were measured. The trees grew in the same area of a woodland.
Ten leaves were measured from each of the top, middle and lower regions of each tree and the readings averaged. The results are shown below.
Average leaf length / mm Region of tree
Top Middle
Lower
Tree A 59 68 46
Tree B 68 77 59
(a) Plot the data as a bar chart on the grid below. The data for the top of the trees has been plotted for you. Marks will be awarded for both the accuracy and quality of the graph. [2]
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
0 Tree
A
Tree B
Tree A
Tree B
Tree A
Tree B Top region
of tree
Middle region of tree
Lower region of tree
(b) Suggest an environmental factor to explain why the average lengths of the leaves in the
three regions on tree A are different. [1]
. . . .
(c) Apart from an environmental factor, state why the average lengths of the leaves on tree A
are different from tree B. [1]
. . . .
(d) What term is given to the differences that are found between organisms of the same
species? [1]
. . . .
Average leaf length / mm W10 0235 02 3
(0235-02) 6 3. The diagram below shows changes that have taken place to the bones of the lower leg of the horse
during its evolution over the last 55 million years. The lower leg of four ancestors of the horse, and that of the modern horse, are shown.
55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
ankle
foot
toes
Hyracotherium Mesohippus Parahippus Pliohippus Equus (modern horse)
Time (millions of years from present) bones of
the toes
bones of the foot bones of
the ankle
(a) Describe two changes, shown in the diagram, which have taken place during the evolution
of the horse. [2]
(i) . . . . . . . .
(ii) . . . . . . . .
(b) (i) In what form did scientists discover the remains of the ancestors of the modern horse?
[1]
. . . .
(ii) How do scientists know that Hyracotherium lived 55 million years ago? [1]
. . . .
(c) Complete the following sentences by filling in the blank spaces. [2]
The ancestors of the modern horse no longer exist, they are said to be . . . .. This could have happened because of a change in the . . . ..
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(0235-02) Turn over.
4. (a) Give two reasons why meiosis is important in the production of gametes. [2]
(i) . . . . . . . .
(ii) . . . . . . . .
(b) Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease caused by a recessive allelle d. The family tree below shows the inheritance of cystic fibrosis.
1 2
5 3 4
Key: Normal male
Normal female
Affected male
Affected female
(i) State the genotype of a person suffering from cystic fibrosis. [1]
. . . .
(ii) I Persons 1 and 2 have the same genotype. What is this genotype? [1]
. . . .
II Explain your answer. [2]
. . . .
. . . .
(iii) State whether person 5 is homozygous or heterozygous. [1]
. . . .
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Key:
Industrial areas All normal pale forms All mutant dark forms Both forms
3 5. (a) The organisms below can be cloned on a commercial basis. For each organism state the
name of the method by which they are cloned.
(i) organism Geranium
method . . . . [1]
(ii) organism Cattle
method . . . . [1]
(b) State one advantage of the commercial cloning of organisms. [1]
. . . .
6. The map of England and Wales below shows:
the most densely populated industrial areas;
the distribution of pale and mutant dark forms of the peppered moth.
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Peppered moths often rest on trees and are eaten by birds.
In areas of low air pollution, pale coloured lichen grows on the bark of trees.
In areas of high air pollution lichen and the bark of trees become black.
(a) (i) State the pattern of distribution for the mutant dark form of the moth, shown on the
map. [1]
. . . .
. . . .
(ii) Suggest a reason for your answer. [1]
. . . .
. . . .
(b) A mutation in the pale moth produced the dark form of the moth. State the meaning of the
term mutation. [1]
. . . .
(c) Using Charles Darwin’s idea of Natural Selection, explain why the pale form of the moth is
restricted to the areas shown on the map. [4]
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
(0235-02) Turn over. 7
(0235-02)
7. An investigation was carried out into the effect of caffeine on the reaction time of some people.
Each person was given 2g of instant coffee dissolved in 200cm3 boiling water. A computer programme was used to measure the reaction time of the people before and after drinking the coffee.
In order to measure the reaction time, each person had to push a button as soon as a signal was heard.
The results are shown in the table.
Reaction time / s age
17 17 15
19 16
20 18 16 person
A B C
E F G H D
gender
male female female male
male male male female
before coffee
0.19 0.18 0.15 0.17
0.14 0.17 0.21 0.17
after coffee
0.17 0.15 0.14 0.16
0.12 0.14 0.15 0.16
(a) What is the effect of caffeine on the reaction times of the people tested? [1]
. . . .
(b) State one factor that has been kept constant. [1]
. . . .
(c) State three other factors which should have been kept constant to make this a fair test. [3]
(i) . . . .
(ii) . . . .
(iii) . . . .
(d) In a reflex action,
(i) state the function of the sensory nerve cell. [1]
. . . .
(ii) name a coordinator. [1]
. . . .
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(0235-02) Turn over.
8. Normally, if cells from other animals are injected into a person, the cells are rejected.
In 2008, cells from an organ of a pig were injected into a patient who was unable to control the level of glucose in her blood.
Before being injected, the cells were surrounded by a jelly-like coat which protected them from being rejected.
The jelly-like coat allows a chemical to pass out of the pig’s cells into the patient’s blood.
The chemical, produced in the pig’s cells, helps control the concentration of glucose in the patient’s blood.
(a) Name
(i) the pig’s organ used in this treatment; [1]
. . . .
(ii) the chemical that controls the concentration of glucose in the blood; [1]
. . . .
(iii) the organ in which this chemical carries out its function; [1]
. . . .
(iv) the medical condition that was affecting the patient. [1]
. . . .
(b) Name two other ways in which the medical condition affecting the patient can be
controlled. [2]
(i) . . . .
(ii) . . . .
(c) Suggest one reason why some people might object to using pig’s cells in this treatment. [1]
. . . .
. . . .
(0235-02)
9. The table shows coded information from the analysis of a piece of DNA, common to three animals. The animals are the red panda, the giant panda, and the raccoon.
Animal Red panda (Ailurus fulgens)
Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Raccoon (Procyon lotor)
Coded information in DNA
G A G T A C C A T T A C G C A C T A G T T C C A T T A C G C T G G A G T A C C A T T A C G C A T
Closely related species are usually given the same scientific first name (the genus).
The scientific names of the animals in the table were given to them in the 19th century.
When new evidence is discovered, sometimes scientific names of organisms are changed.
(a) (i) Given the evidence in the table from modern DNA analysis, which two of the animals do you suggest could be given the same genus name? [1]
. . . . and . . . .
(ii) Using all the information given, state precisely the reason for your answer to part (i).
[2]
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
(b) The red panda is found in Nepal where its local name is nylalya-ponga. The giant panda is found in China where its local name is beishung. When scientists write research papers about pandas, they always use the up-to-date scientific names.
State why there is a need for a scientific name for identification rather than using ‘local’
names. [1]
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
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