Autocad Summer Training Report

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SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

on

1

(2)

By

AMIT

AMIT JAISW

JAISWAL

AL

5808614

PERIOD OF TRAINING: 18 JULY 011 !" 0 AUGUST 011

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my profound gratitude to our HOD and a!! t"e

fa#u!ty mem$ers of t"e Me#"ani#a! Department for ta%ing

pains to

pains to guide me

guide me in t"e

in t"e preparation of t"is

preparation of t"is pro&e#t report

pro&e#t report

It

It iis

s a

a pr

pre'

e'i!

i!eg

ege

e to

to eex

xpr

pres

ess

s my

my "e

"eaart

rtis

ist

t t"

t"aan%

n%s

s tto

o aa!!

!!

mem$

mem$ers of

ers of

CAD/CAM Solutions

₍₍

Ambala Cantt

_{ for}

t"eir 'a!uea$!e suggestions and #onstru#ti'e #riti#ism )as

!i%e a $a#on !ig"t and $e#omes a sour#e of inspiration

during my preparation of t"is

during my preparation of t"is pro&e#t report

pro&e#t report

AMIT

AMIT *AI+W*AI+WALAL ,o!!

,o!! No- No- ./0/123./0/123

#

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4,E5ACE

CAD6CAM is a term )"i#" means

CAD6CAM is a term )"i#" means Computer A

Computer Aided Design 7 Computer

ided Design 7 Computer

Aided Manufa#turing It is t"e te#"no!ogy #on#erned )it" t"e use of

digita! #omputers to perform #ertain fun#tions in design and produ#tion

E!e#troni#s $rains in t"e form of mi#ropro#essors are parts of #ars )e

dri'e( t"e p!anes in )"i#" )e f!y( t"e te!e'isions )e )at#" and t"e

automated too!s )e use to produ#e su#" produ#ts T"e Computer Aided

Design or CAD systems are used to design su#" produ#ts

T"e CAD "ard)are typi#a!!y in#!udes #omputer( one or more

grap"i#s disp!ay termina!s( %ey)ords and ot"er perip"era! e8uipment

T"e CAD soft)are #onsists of t"e #omputer programs to fa#i!itate t"e

eeng

ngiine

neeeri

ring

ng fu

fun#

n#ti

tion

ons

s of

of t"

t"e

e us

useer

r ##om

ompa

pany

ny

 Ex

Exaam

mp!

p!ees

s o

of

f tt"e

"ese

se

app

app!i#

!i#ati

ation

on pro

progra

grams

ms in#

in#!ud

!ude

e str

stress

ess9st

9strai

rain

n ana

ana!ys

!ysis

is of

of #om

#ompon

ponent

ents(

s(

dy

dyna

nami

mi#s

#s re

resp

spon

onse

se of

of me

me#"

#"an

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ms(

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"eat

at tr

tran

ansf

sfer

er #a

#a!#

!#u!

u!at

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ns an

and

d

#ustomers mar%ers are different

T"e

T"ese

se fa#

fa#tor

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s gi'

gi'e

e ris

rise

e to

to dif

differ

feren#

en#es

es in

in CAD

CAD sys

syste

tems

ms

re8uirements :!timate!y CAD6CAM )i!! pro'ide t"e te#"no!ogy $ase

for t"e #omputer9integrated fa#tory of t"e future

(5)

CONTENT+



Introdu#tion to AutoCAD



G:I of AutoCAD



Commands in AutoCAD

 

Layers

 

;ie)ports

 

Exer#ises

 

+amp!e < 2

 

+amp!e < =

 

+amp!e < >

 

+amp!e < 3

 

+amp!e < .

 

>D in AutoCAD

 

>D #ommands

 

>D Exer#ises

 

+amp!e < 2

 

+amp!e < =

5 5 | | P a g eP a g e

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AutoCAD

AutoC

AutoCAD( de'e!o

AD( de'e!oped $y Autode

ped $y Autodes%

s% In#( is

In#( is t"e most popu!ar 4C

t"e most popu!ar 4C <

< CAD

CAD

system a'ai!a$!e in t"e mar%et T"is design pa#%age is

system a'ai!a$!e in t"e mar%et T"is design pa#%age is a genera! purpose

a genera! purpose

#omp

#omputer

uter aide

aided

d desi

design

gn and drafting

and drafting app!i

app!i#ati

#ation

on for

for your

your #ompu

#omputer

ter

 T"e

T"e

speed and ease )it" )"i#" a dra)ing #an $e prepared and modified

using a #omputer offer a

using a #omputer offer a p"enomena! ad'antage o'er "and preparation

p"enomena! ad'antage o'er "and preparation

Here

Here I?m

I?m going

going to

to ment

mention

ion a

a fe)

fe) of

of t"e

t"e app!i

app!i#ati

#ations

ons for

for )"i#

)"i#"

"

AutoCAD is $eing used today-9



Ar#"ite#tura! dra)ings of a!! %inds



Interior designs on fa#i!ity p!anning



Dr

Dra)

a)in

ings

gs fo

for

r E!

E!e#

e#tr

tron

oni#

i#s(

s( C"

C"em

emi#

i#a!

a!(

( Ci

Ci'i

'i!(

!( Me

Me#"

#"an

ani#

i#a!

a!((

Automoti'es and Aerospa#e engineering app!i#ations



T"eatre set !ig"ting designs



Line dra)ing for t"e 5ine Arts( Texti!es( 5as"ion and Dress

designing

+ome

+ome ot"er

ot"er CAD

CAD pa#%ages

pa#%ages de'e!oped

de'e!oped $y

$y t"e

t"e same

same #ompany

#ompany are-9

are-9



Auto +"ade



Auto 5!ix



Auto Ket#"

 

Animator

 

>D +tudio

AutoCAD +#reen

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;arious #omponents of t"e initia! AutoCAD s#reen are dra)ing

area( #ommand )indo)( menu $ar( se'era! too!$ars( mode! and

!ayouts( and t"e status $ar @5ig 2 A tit!e $ar t"at "as AutoCAD

sym$o! and t"e #urrent dra)ing name is disp!ayed on top of t"e

s#reen

Figure 1

Figure 1 AutoCAD ScrAutoCAD Screeneen

$

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+C,EEN COM4ONENT+

Dra)ing Area

T"e dra)ing area #o'ers t"e ma&or portion of t"e s#reen Here )e #an

dra) t"e o$&e#ts and

dra) t"e o$&e#ts and use t"e #ommands T

use t"e #ommands To dra) t"e

o dra) t"e o$&e#ts( )e need to

o$&e#ts( )e need to

define t"e #oordinate points( )"i#" #an $e se!e#ted $y using our pointing

de'i#e

Command Windo)

Figure 2 Command Window

T"

T"e

e #o

#omm

mman

and

d )i

)ind

ndo)

o) at

at t"

t"e

e $o

$ott

ttom

om of

of t"

t"e

e dr

dra)

a)in

ing

g ar

area

ea "a

"as

s t"

t"ee

#ommand prompt )"ere )e #an enter t"e #ommands It a!so disp!ays t"e

su$se8uent prompt se8uen#es and t"e messages We #an #"ange t"e siBe

of t"e )indo) $y p!a#ing t"e #ursor on t"e top

of t"e )indo) $y p!a#ing t"e #ursor on t"e top edge and t"en dragging it

edge and t"en dragging it

App!i#ation +tatus ar

Figure 3 Applicaon Status Bar

T"e +tatus ar is disp!ayed at t"e $ottom of t"e s#reen @5ig > It

#ontains some usefu! information and $uttons t"at )i!! ma%e it easy to

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#"ange t"e status of some AutoCAD fun#tions We #an togg!e $et)een

on and off states of most of t"ese fun#tions $y

on and off states of most of t"ese fun#tions $y #"oosing t"em

#"oosing t"em



Coordinates

T"e #oordinates information is disp!ayed on t"e !eft #orner of t"e +tatus ar We T"e #oordinates information is disp!ayed on t"e !eft #orner of t"e +tatus ar We #a

#an n sese!e!e#t #t t"t"is is #o#oorordidinanate te $u$utttton on to to totogggg!e !e $e$et)t)eeeen n on on anand d ofoff f ststatateses  If If t"t"ee COO,D+ system 'aria$!e #ontro!s t"e type of disp!ay of

COO,D+ system 'aria$!e #ontro!s t"e type of disp!ay of #oordinates#oordinates



+nap Mode

T"e snap mode a!!o)s you to mo'e t"e #ursor in fixed in#rements If snap mode is T"e snap mode a!!o)s you to mo'e t"e #ursor in fixed in#rements If snap mode is o

onn( ( tt""ee SnaSnap p ModeMode $u$utttton on is is #"#"ososen en in in t"t"e e +t+tatatus us aar r otot"e"er)r)isise e it it is is nonott disp!ayed

disp!ayed



Grid Disp!ay

T"e grid !ines are used as a referen#e !ines to dra) o$&e#ts in AutoCAD If t"e T"e grid !ines are used as a referen#e !ines to dra) o$&e#ts in AutoCAD If t"e Grid Display

Grid Display $utton is #"osen( t"e grid !ines are $utton is #"osen( t"e grid !ines are disp!ayed on t"e s#reendisp!ayed on t"e s#reen



Ort"o Mode

If t"e

If t"e Ortho ModeOrtho Mode $utton is #"osen in t"e +tatus ar( )e #an dra) !ines at rig"t $utton is #"osen in t"e +tatus ar( )e #an dra) !ines at rig"t ang!es on!y

ang!es on!y



4o!ar Tra#%ing

If )e turn t"e po!ar tra#%ing on( t"e mo'ement of #ursor is restri#ted a!ong a pat" If )e turn t"e po!ar tra#%ing on( t"e mo'ement of #ursor is restri#ted a!ong a pat" $ased on set as t"e po!ar ang!e settings C"oosing t"e

$ased on set as t"e po!ar ang!e settings C"oosing t"e Polar TrackingPolar Tracking $utton in t"e $utton in t"e +tatus ar turns it on ,emem$er t"at turning t"e po!ar tra#%ing on( automati#a!!y +tatus ar turns it on ,emem$er t"at turning t"e po!ar tra#%ing on( automati#a!!y turns off t"e ort"o mode

turns off t"e ort"o mode

%

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

O$&e#t +nap

W"en t"e O$&e#t +nap $utton is #"osen in t"e +tatus ar( )e #an use t"e running W"en t"e O$&e#t +nap $utton is #"osen in t"e +tatus ar( )e #an use t"e running o$&e#t snaps to snap a point

o$&e#t snaps to snap a point



A!!o)6Disa!!

A!!o)6Disa!!o) Dynami#

o) Dynami# :C+

:C+

C"oosing t"e $utton a!!o)s or disa!!o)s t"e use of dynami# :C+ A!!o)ing t"e C"oosing t"e $utton a!!o)s or disa!!o)s t"e use of dynami# :C+ A!!o)ing t"e dynami# :C+ ensures t"at t"e F p!ane of t"e :C+ got dynami#a!!y a!igned )it" dynami# :C+ ensures t"at t"e F p!ane of t"e :C+ got dynami#a!!y a!igned )it" t"e se!e#ted fa#e of t"e mode!

t"e se!e#ted fa#e of t"e mode!



Dynami# Input

T"e

T"e Dynamic inputDynamic input $utton is used to turn t"e Dynami# Input on or off Turning it $utton is used to turn t"e Dynami# Input on or off Turning it on fa#i!itates t"e "eads9up design approa#" $e#ause a!! #ommands( prompts and on fa#i!itates t"e "eads9up design approa#" $e#ause a!! #ommands( prompts and t"e dimensiona! inputs )i!! no) $e disp!ayed in t"e dra)ing area and )e do not t"e dimensiona! inputs )i!! no) $e disp!ayed in t"e dra)ing area and )e do not need to !oo% at t"e #ommand prompt a!! t"e time T"is sa'es t"e design time and need to !oo% at t"e #ommand prompt a!! t"e time T"is sa'es t"e design time and a!so in#reases t"e effi#ien#y of

a!so in#reases t"e effi#ien#y of t"e usert"e user



+"o)6Hide Line)eig"t

C"oosing t"is $utton in t"e +tatus ar a!!o)s you to turn on or off t"e disp!ay of C"oosing t"is $utton in t"e +tatus ar a!!o)s you to turn on or off t"e disp!ay of !ine)eig"ts in t"e dra)ing

!ine)eig"ts in t"e dra)ing



Mode!

T"e Mode! $utton is #"osen $y defau!t $e#ause you are

T"e Mode! $utton is #"osen $y defau!t $e#ause you are )or%ing in t"e mode! spa#e)or%ing in t"e mode! spa#e to #reate dra)ings

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

Annotation +#a!e

T"e annotation s#a!e #ontro!s t"e siBe and disp!ay of t"e annotati'e o$&e#ts in t"e T"e annotation s#a!e #ontro!s t"e siBe and disp!ay of t"e annotati'e o$&e#ts in t"e mode! spa#e T"e Annotati

mode! spa#e T"e Annotation +#a!e $utton "as a on +#a!e $utton "as a drop9do)n !ist t"at disp!ays a!! t"edrop9do)n !ist t"at disp!ays a!! t"e annotation s#a!es a'ai!a$!e for t"e

annotation s#a!es a'ai!a$!e for t"e #urrent dra)ing#urrent dra)ing



Annotation ;isi$i!ity

T"is $utton is used to #ontro! t"e 'isi$i!ity of t"e annotati'e o$&e#ts t"at do not T"is $utton is used to #ontro! t"e 'isi$i!ity of t"e annotati'e o$&e#ts t"at do not support t"e #urrent annotation s#a!e in dra)ing area

support t"e #urrent annotation s#a!e in dra)ing area



Automati#a!!y Add +#a!e

T"is $utton( if #"osen( automati#a!!y adds a!! t"e annotation s#a!es t"at are set T"is $utton( if #"osen( automati#a!!y adds a!! t"e annotation s#a!es t"at are set #urrent to a!! t"e annotati'e o$&e#ts present in t"e dra)ing

#urrent to a!! t"e annotati'e o$&e#ts present in t"e dra)ing



ui#% 4roperties

If you se!e#t a s%et#"ed entity )"en t"is $utton is #"osen in t"e +tatus ar( t"e If you se!e#t a s%et#"ed entity )"en t"is $utton is #"osen in t"e +tatus ar( t"e properties of se!e#ted entit

properties of se!e#ted entity )i!! $e disp!ayy )i!! $e disp!ayed in a pane!ed in a pane!

11

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COMMAND+

LINE

Line #omman

Line #ommand d is used is used to dra) to dra) a a #ont#ontinuiinuing series of ng series of !ine segmen!ine segments( $ut ts( $ut ea#" !ineea#" !ine segment is a separate o$&e#t We #an in'o%e t"e

segment is a separate o$&e#t We #an in'o%e t"e LINELINE #ommand from t"e Dra) #ommand from t"e Dra) too!$ar

too!$ar( as s"o)n in fig ( as s"o)n in fig 33

Figure 4 Draw Toolar

We #an a!so in'o%e t"e

We #an a!so in'o%e t"e LINE LINE #ommand $y entering #ommand $y entering LINE LINE oror LL at t"e #ommandat t"e #ommand prompt On#e you "a'e in'o%ed t"e

prompt On#e you "a'e in'o%ed t"e LINELINE #ommand( t"e next prompt( t"e #ommand( t"e next prompt( t"e SpecifySpecify first point

first point( re8uires us to spe#ify t"e starting point After first point is se!e#ted(( re8uires us to spe#ify t"e starting point After first point is se!e#ted( Aut

AutoCAoCAD D )i!)i!! ! proprompt you to mpt you to ententer t"e er t"e se#se#ond poinond point t at t"eat t"e Specify netSpecify net pointpoint prompt

prompt At At t"is t"is point point )e )e may may #ontinue #ontinue to to se!e#t se!e#t points points or or terminate terminate t"et"e LINELINE #ommand $y pressing ENTE,( E+C( or t"e +4ACEA, T"e prompt se8uen#e of #ommand $y pressing ENTE,( E+C( or t"e +4ACEA, T"e prompt se8uen#e of in'o%ing

in'o%ing LINELINE #ommand is as #ommand is as fo!!o)s- fo!!o)s-Command- LINE  Enter

Command- LINE  Enter +pe#ify first

point-+pe#ify first point- Move the cursor (mouse) and le Move the cursor (mouse) and left click to specify the ft click to specify the first point.first point. +pe#ify next point or

:ndoJ-+pe#ify next point or :ndoJ- Move the Move the cursor and cursor and left click left click to specify to specify the second the second point.

point.

+pe#ify next point or

:ndoJ-+pe#ify next point or :ndoJ- Specify the third point.Specify the third point. +pe#ify next point or

+pe#ify next point or C!ose6:ndoJ- EnterC!ose6:ndoJ- Enter @4ress ENTE, to exit LINE #ommand @4ress ENTE, to exit LINE #ommand

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LINE

T"e

T"e !LINE!LINE #ommand #an $e used to dra) #onstru#tion or pro&e#tion !ines T"ese #ommand #an $e used to dra) #onstru#tion or pro&e#tion !ines T"ese !ines are t"e !ines t"at aid in #onstru#tion or pro&e#tion and are dra)n 'ery !ig"t!y( !ines are t"e !ines t"at aid in #onstru#tion or pro&e#tion and are dra)n 'ery !ig"t!y( )"en manua!!y drafting An

)"en manua!!y drafting An lineline @#onstru#tion !ine is a >D !ine t"at extends to @#onstru#tion !ine is a >D !ine t"at extends to infinity at $ot" ends As t"e !ine is infinite in !engt"( it does not "a'e any end infinity at $ot" ends As t"e !ine is infinite in !engt"( it does not "a'e any end points T"e p

points T"e prompt se8uen#e of in'o%inrompt se8uen#e of in'o%ing t"eg t"e !LINE!LINE #ommand is as fo!!o)s- #ommand is as fo!!o)s-Command- LINE  Enter

Command- LINE  Enter

+pe#ify a point or

Hor6;er6Ang6se#t6OffsetJ-+pe#ify a point or Hor6;er6Ang6se#t6OffsetJ- Specify an option or select a point Specify an option or select a point thr

through which the xline ough which the xline will pass.will pass.

4LINE

T"e

T"e PLPLININEE #ommand is used to dra) a po!y!ine A po!y!ine is a !ine t"at "as#ommand is used to dra) a po!y!ine A po!y!ine is a !ine t"at "as different features T"e term 4OLFLINE #an $e $ro%en into t)o parts- 4OLF and different features T"e term 4OLFLINE #an $e $ro%en into t)o parts- 4OLF and LINE 4OLF means many T"is signifies t"at a po!y !ine #an "a'e many !ines LINE 4OLF means many T"is signifies t"at a po!y !ine #an "a'e many !ines +ome features of po!y!ines are !isted

+ome features of po!y!ines are !isted nextnext 4o!y!ines #an $e t"i#% !ines )it" a

4o!y!ines #an $e t"i#% !ines )it" a desired )idt" T"ey are 'ery f!exi$!e and #an $edesired )idt" T"ey are 'ery f!exi$!e and #an $e used to dra) any s"ape( su#" as

used to dra) any s"ape( su#" as a fi!!ed #ir#!e or a doug"nuta fi!!ed #ir#!e or a doug"nut 4o!y!ines #an $e used to dra) o$&e#ts in

4o!y!ines #an $e used to dra) o$&e#ts in any !ine typeany !ine type

Ad'an#ed editing #ommands #an $e used to edit t"em @for examp!e( t"e 4EDIT Ad'an#ed editing #ommands #an $e used to edit t"em @for examp!e( t"e 4EDIT #ommand

#ommand

T"e #ommand prompt for in'o%ing t"e

T"e #ommand prompt for in'o%ing t"e PLINEPLINE #ommand is as #ommand is as fo!!o)s- fo!!o)s-

Command-Command- PLINEPLINE  Enter  Enter +pe#ify start

point-+pe#ify start point- Specify the starting point or Specify the starting point or enter its coordinates.enter its coordinates. Current !ine )idt" is nnnnn

Current !ine )idt" is nnnnn

1#

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"urrent line #idth is nn$nnn

"urrent line #idth is nn$nnn is is disp!disp!ayed automati#ayed automati#a!!ya!!y( ( )"i#" indi#at)"i#" indi#ates es t"et"e )idt" of t"e po!y!ine dra)n If )e need a different )idt"( in'o%e t"e Widt" option )idt" of t"e po!y!ine dra)n If )e need a different )idt"( in'o%e t"e Widt" option at t"e next prompt and set

at t"e next prompt and set it Next t"e fo!!o)ing prompt is disp!ayedit Next t"e fo!!o)ing prompt is disp!ayed +pe#ify next point or Ar#6Ha!f)idt"6Lengt"6:ndo6W

+pe#ify next point or Ar#6Ha!f)idt"6Lengt"6:ndo6Widt"J-idt"J- Specify next point or Specify next point or enter an option.

enter an option.

4OLFGON

A regu!ar po!ygon is a #!osed geometri# figure )it" e8ua! sides T"e num$er of A regu!ar po!ygon is a #!osed geometri# figure )it" e8ua! sides T"e num$er of side 'aries from

side 'aries from %% toto &'() &'() 5or examp!e( a triang!e is a t"ree sided po!ygon and a 5or examp!e( a triang!e is a t"ree sided po!ygon and a pentagon is

pentagon is a fa fi'e sided i'e sided po!ygon In AutoCAD( t"epo!ygon In AutoCAD( t"e POL*GONPOL*GON #ommand is used#ommand is used to dra) regu!ar =D po!ygons A po!ygon is said to $e

to dra) regu!ar =D po!ygons A po!ygon is said to $e inscri+edinscri+ed )"en it is dra)n )"en it is dra)n inside an imaginary #ir#!e and its 'erti#es tou#" t"e #ir#!e Li%e)ise( a po!ygon is inside an imaginary #ir#!e and its 'erti#es tou#" t"e #ir#!e Li%e)ise( a po!ygon is circumscri+ed

circumscri+ed )"en it is dra)n outside imaginary #ir#!e and sides of po!ygon are )"en it is dra)n outside imaginary #ir#!e and sides of po!ygon are tangent to #ir#!e W

tangent to #ir#!e We #an e #an easi!y #"oose one option from easi!y #"oose one option from t"ese t)o a'ai!a$!e optionst"ese t)o a'ai!a$!e options du

duriring ng t"t"e e inin'o'o%i%ing ng prpro#o#esess s T"T"e e prpromompt pt sese8u8uenen#e #e of of inin'o'o%i%ingng POL*GONPOL*GON #ommand is gi'en next

#ommand is gi'en next

Command-Command- POL*GON ,POL*GON , Enter Enter Enter num$er of sides

3-Enter num$er of sides 3- 3-Enter a value betwe Enter a value between 3 and !"#.en 3 and !"#. +pe#ify #enter of

po!ygon-+pe#ify #enter of po!ygon- Specify the center point or Specify the center point or enter its coordinates.enter its coordinates. Enter an option Ins#ri$ed in #ir#!e6Cir#ums#ri$ed a$out

#ir#!eJ-Enter an option Ins#ri$ed in #ir#!e6Cir#ums#ri$ed a$out #ir#!eJ- #ir#!eJ-Enter $ or %. Enter $ or %. +p

+pe#e#ifify y raradidius us of of #i#ir#r#!e!e-- SpSpececifify y ththe e raradidius us of of cicirrclcle& e& whwhicich h wiwill ll ininscscriribe be or or circ

circumscribe the umscribe the polygon.polygon.

,ECTANG

T"e

T"e -E"T.NG-E"T.NG #ommand is used to dra) re#tang!es in AutoCAD We #an dra) #ommand is used to dra) re#tang!es in AutoCAD We #an dra) re#tang!es $y spe#ifying t)o opposite #orners of t"e re#tang!e( $y spe#ifying t"e re#tang!es $y spe#ifying t)o opposite #orners of t"e re#tang!e( $y spe#ifying t"e area and t"e siBe of one of t"e sides( or $y spe#ifying t"e dimensions of re#tang!es area and t"e siBe of one of t"e sides( or $y spe#ifying t"e dimensions of re#tang!es T"e prompt se8uen#e of in'o%ing

(15)

fo!!o)s-Command- ,ECTANG  Enter Command- ,ECTANG  Enter +pe#i

+pe#ify fy first first #orne#orner r point point or or C"amC"amfer6E!fer6E!e'atie'ation65ion65i!!et!!et6T"i#6T"i#%ness%ness6W6Widt"Jidt"J-- SpecifySpecify first corner point or ent

first corner point or enter its coorer its coordinates.dinates.

+pe#ify ot"er #orner point or

Area6Dimensions6,otationJ-+pe#ify ot"er #orner point or Area6Dimensions6,otationJ- Specify opposite corner Specify opposite corner point or enter its coo

point or enter its coordinardinates.tes.

A,C

An ar# is defined as a part

An ar# is defined as a part of a #ir#!e In AutoCAD( it #an $e dra)n using t"eof a #ir#!e In AutoCAD( it #an $e dra)n using t"e .-".-" #ommand AutoCAD pro'ides e!e'en different options to dra) an ar# To 'ie) #ommand AutoCAD pro'ides e!e'en different options to dra) an ar# To 'ie) t"ese options( #!i#% on

t"ese options( #!i#% on Dra# Dra# option in t"e option in t"e Menu ar( a f!yout option )i!! appear asMenu ar( a f!yout option )i!! appear as s"o)n in fig .

s"o)n in fig .

Figure ! "pons in #enu Bar $or Creang an Arc

15

(16)

T"e defau!t setting is for #reating a t"ree point ar# T"e #ommand prompt for T"e defau!t setting is for #reating a t"ree point ar# T"e #ommand prompt for in'o%ing

in'o%ing .-".-" #ommand is as f #ommand is as fo!!o)s- o!!o)s-Command- A,C  Enter

Command- A,C  Enter +p

+pe#e#ifify y ststarart t popoinint t of of arar# # or or CCenenteterJrJ-- SpSpececifify y fifirsrst t popoinint t of of ararc c or or enenteter r ititss coordinates.

coordinates.

+pe#ify se#ond point of ar# or

Center6EndJ-+pe#ify se#ond point of ar# or Center6EndJ- Specify the through point for arc or Specify the through point for arc or enter its coordinates.

enter its coordinates.

+pe#ify t"e end point of

(17)

CI,CLE

T"e

T"e "I-"LE"I-"LE #omma#ommand is nd is used to used to dra) #ir#!esdra) #ir#!es AutoC AutoCAD pro'ides six AD pro'ides six difdifferentferent options to dra) a #ir#!e To 'ie) and #"oose from t"e a'ai!a$!e options( #!i#% on options to dra) a #ir#!e To 'ie) and #"oose from t"e a'ai!a$!e options( #!i#% on Dra) option in t"e Menu ar( a f!yout )i!! appear as s"o)n in fig

Dra) option in t"e Menu ar( a f!yout )i!! appear as s"o)n in fig 11

Figure % "pons in #enu Bar $or creang a Circle

T"e defau!t setting is for #reating a

T"e defau!t setting is for #reating a #ir#!e )it" Center and ,adius option T"e ot"er #ir#!e )it" Center and ,adius option T"e ot"er options #an $e in'o%ed $y entering t"e appropriate !etter in t"e #ommand )indo) options #an $e in'o%ed $y entering t"e appropriate !etter in t"e #ommand )indo) or

or $y $y t"e t"e metmet"od "od stastated ted earear!ie!ierr  T"e T"e proprompt mpt se8se8uenuen#e #e for for in'in'o%io%ing ng CI,CI,CLECLE #ommand is stated next

#ommand is stated next

Command- CI,CLE  Enter Command- CI,CLE  Enter +pe#i

+pe#ify #enter point for fy #enter point for #ir#!#ir#!e or e or >46=4>46=46Ttr @tan tan 6Ttr @tan tan radiuradiusJ-sJ- Specify center point Specify center point or enter

or enter its coordinatesits coordinates.. +pe#ify radius of #ir#!e or 

+pe#ify radius of #ir#!e or DiameterJ-DiameterJ- Enter the r Enter the re'uired vae'uired value of radius.lue of radius.

1$

(18)

ELLI4+E

If a #ir#!e is o$ser'ed from an ang!e( t"e s"ape is #a!!ed an e!!ipse( )"i#" #an $e If a #ir#!e is o$ser'ed from an ang!e( t"e s"ape is #a!!ed an e!!ipse( )"i#" #an $e #reated in AutoCAD using t"e

#reated in AutoCAD using t"e ELLIPSE ELLIPSE #ommand An e!!ipse #an $e #reated $y #ommand An e!!ipse #an $e #reated $y t)o different options and t"ese options are grouped toget"er in t"e Dra) option of t)o different options and t"ese options are grouped toget"er in t"e Dra) option of t"e Menu ar as s"o)n in

t"e Menu ar as s"o)n in figfig

Figure & "pons in #enu Bar $or creang an 'llipse

T"e defau!t setting is for #reating an e!!ipse )it" Axis and End point option T"e T"e defau!t setting is for #reating an e!!ipse )it" Axis and End point option T"e Ot"er options #an $e in'o%ed $y entering t"e appropriate !etter in t"e #ommand Ot"er options #an $e in'o%ed $y entering t"e appropriate !etter in t"e #ommand )indo) or $y met"od stated a$o'e T"e prompt se8uen#e for in'o%ing

)indo) or $y met"od stated a$o'e T"e prompt se8uen#e for in'o%ing ELLIPSEELLIPSE #ommand is stated next

#ommand is stated next

Command- ELLI4+E  Enter Command- ELLI4+E  Enter +pe

+pe#if#ify y axiaxis s endendpoipoint nt of of e!!e!!ipsipse e or or ArAr#6C#6CententerJ-erJ- Enter Enter coorcoordinates dinates of of axis axis end end point or choose an

(19)

+pe#ify ot"er endpoint of

axis-+pe#ify ot"er endpoint of axis- Specify other end point or Specify other end point or enter its coordinates.enter its coordinates. +pe#ify distan#e to t"e ot"er axis or

rotationJ-+pe#ify distan#e to t"e ot"er axis or rotationJ- Specify the half length of second Specify the half length of second axis.

axis.

E,A+E

After dra)ing some o$&e#ts( you may need to erase some of t"em from t"e s#reen After dra)ing some o$&e#ts( you may need to erase some of t"em from t"e s#reen T

To o ererasase( )e e( )e #a#an n ususee E-.SEE-.SE #ommand in AutoCAD T"is #ommand is used #ommand in AutoCAD T"is #ommand is used exa#t!y t"e same )ay as an eraser is used in manua! drafting to de!ete un)anted exa#t!y t"e same )ay as an eraser is used in manua! drafting to de!ete un)anted information We #an in'o%e

information We #an in'o%e E-.SEE-.SE #ommand from t"e #ommand from t"e Modify too!$ar Modify too!$ar

Figure ( #

Figure ( #odi$) Todi$) Toolaroolar

W"en )e in'o%e t"e

W"en )e in'o%e t"e E-.SEE-.SE #ommand( a sma!! $ox( %no)n as pi#% $ox( rep!a#es #ommand( a sma!! $ox( %no)n as pi#% $ox( rep!a#es t"e s#reen #ursor To erase an o$&e#t( mo'e t"e pi#% $ox so t"at it tou#"es t"e t"e s#reen #ursor To erase an o$&e#t( mo'e t"e pi#% $ox so t"at it tou#"es t"e o$&e#t +e!e#t t"e o$&e#t AutoCAD #onfirms t"e se!e#tion $y #"anging t"e

o$&e#t +e!e#t t"e o$&e#t AutoCAD #onfirms t"e se!e#tion $y #"anging t"e se!e#tedse!e#ted o$&e#ts into das"ed !ines and t"e se!e#t o$&e#ts prompt returns again We #an o$&e#ts into das"ed !ines and t"e se!e#t o$&e#ts prompt returns again We #an #ontinue se!e#ting o$&e#ts or press ENTE, to terminate o$&e#t se!e#tion and erase #ontinue se!e#ting o$&e#ts or press ENTE, to terminate o$&e#t se!e#tion and erase t"e se!e#ted o$&e#ts T"e prompt se8uen#e is gi'en next

t"e se!e#ted o$&e#ts T"e prompt se8uen#e is gi'en next Command- E,A+E  Enter

Command- E,A+E  Enter +e!e#t

o$&e#ts-+e!e#t o$&e#ts- Select first obect.Select first obect. +e!e#t

o$&e#ts-+e!e#t o$&e#ts- Select second obect.Select second obect. +e!e#t o$&e#ts- Enter

+e!e#t o$&e#ts- Enter

CO4F

T"e

T"e "OP*"OP* #ommand is used to #opy an existing o$&e#t T"is #ommand ma%es #ommand is used to #opy an existing o$&e#t T"is #ommand ma%es #op

#opies ies of of t"e se!e#t"e se!e#ted ted o$&o$&e#te#ts s and and p!p!a#ea#es s t"et"em m at at spespe#if#ified ied !o#!o#atiationsons( ( $ut t"e$ut t"e origna!s are !eft inta#t In t"is #ommand )e need to se!e#t t"e o$&e#ts and spe#ify origna!s are !eft inta#t In t"is #ommand )e need to se!e#t t"e o$&e#ts and spe#ify t"e $ase point Next )e need to spe#ify t"e se#ond point( t"is point is )"ere )e t"e $ase point Next )e need to spe#ify t"e se#ond point( t"is point is )"ere )e

1%

(20)

)ant t"e #opied o$&e#ts to $e p!a#ed T"e prompt se8uen#e t"at is fo!!o)ed )"en )ant t"e #opied o$&e#ts to $e p!a#ed T"e prompt se8uen#e t"at is fo!!o)ed )"en you in'o%e

you in'o%e "OP*"OP* #ommand is gi'en next #ommand is gi'en next Command- CO4F  Enter

Command- CO4F  Enter +e!e#t

o$&e#ts-+e!e#t o$&e#ts- Select obects to copy.Select obects to copy. +e!e#t o$&e#ts- Enter

+e!e#t o$&e#ts- Enter +pe#ify $ase point or

+pe#ify $ase point or Disp!a#ement6mOdeJ Disp!a#ement-Disp!a#ement6mOdeJ Disp!a#ement- Specify base point.Specify base point. +pe#ify se#ond point or use first point as

disp!a#ement-+pe#ify se#ond point or use first point as disp!a#ement- Specify a new positionSpecify a new position on the

on the screescreen using n using pointing device or pointing device or entering coordinaentering coordinates.tes. +pe#ify se#ond point or Exit6:ndoJ Exit- Enter

+pe#ify se#ond point or Exit6:ndoJ Exit- Enter

MI,,O,

T"e

T"e MI--O- MI--O- #ommand #reates a #ommand #reates a mirror #opy of t"e mirror #opy of t"e se!e#ted o$&e#ts T"e o$&e#tsse!e#ted o$&e#ts T"e o$&e#ts #an $e mirrored at any ang!e T"is #ommand is "e!pfu! in dra)ing symmetri#a! #an $e mirrored at any ang!e T"is #ommand is "e!pfu! in dra)ing symmetri#a! figures T"is #ommand is a'ai!a$!e in Modify too!$ar $ut it #an $e in'o%ed $y figures T"is #ommand is a'ai!a$!e in Modify too!$ar $ut it #an $e in'o%ed $y usi

using ng #om#ommanmand d )in)indo) do) as as )e!)e!! ! W"eW"en n )e )e in'in'o%e o%e t"it"is s #om#ommanmand( Autod( AutoCADCAD prompts us to se!e#t t"e o$

prompts us to se!e#t t"e o$&e#ts and t"en t"e m&e#ts and t"en t"e mirror !ineirror !ine After

After )e )e se!e#t se!e#t t"e t"e o$&e#ts o$&e#ts to to $e $e mirrored( mirrored( AutoCAD AutoCAD prompts prompts you you to to enter enter t"et"e first point of mirror !ine and t"e se#ond point of mirror !ine A mirror !ine is an first point of mirror !ine and t"e se#ond point of mirror !ine A mirror !ine is an imaginary !ine a$out )"i#" o$&e#ts are ref!e#ted We #an spe#ify t"e end point of imaginary !ine a$out )"i#" o$&e#ts are ref!e#ted We #an spe#ify t"e end point of mirror !ine $y spe#ifying points on s#reen or $y entering t"eir #oordinates T"e mirror !ine $y spe#ifying points on s#reen or $y entering t"eir #oordinates T"e mi

mirrrror or !i!ine ne #a#an n $e $e sese!e!e#t#ted ed at at anany y anang!g!e e T"T"e e proprompmpt t sese8u8uenen#e #e of of inin'o'o%i%ingng MI,,O, #ommand is gi'en next

MI,,O, #ommand is gi'en next Command- MI,,O,  Enter Command- MI,,O,  Enter +e!e#t

o$&e#ts-+e!e#t o$&e#ts- Select obects to be mirrored.Select obects to be mirrored. +e!e#t o$&e#ts- Enter

+e!e#t o$&e#ts- Enter

+pe#ify first point of mirror

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+pe#ify se#ond point of mirror

!ine-+pe#ify se#ond point of mirror !ine- Specify the second endpoint.Specify the second endpoint. De!e

De!ete te sour#sour#e e o$&e#o$&e#ts ts FFes6Noes6NoJ J N-N- Enter Enter   for for deletion& deletion& * * for for retaretaining ining thethe obects.

obects.

O55+ET

To dra) para!!e! !ines( #on#entri# #ir#!es( ar#s( #ur'es( and so on( )e #an use t"e To dra) para!!e! !ines( #on#entri# #ir#!es( ar#s( #ur'es( and so on( )e #an use t"e O//SET

O//SET #ommand T"is #ommand #reates anot"er o$&e#t t"at is simi!ar to t"e #ommand T"is #ommand #reates anot"er o$&e#t t"at is simi!ar to t"e se!e#ted one ,emem$er t"at )e are a!!o)ed to se!e#t on!y one entity at a time to se!e#ted one ,emem$er t"at )e are a!!o)ed to se!e#t on!y one entity at a time to $e offset W"i!e of

$e offset W"i!e offsetting an o$&e#t( )e #an spe#ify t"e offsetting an o$&e#t( )e #an spe#ify t"e offset distan#e and t"e sidefset distan#e and t"e side to offset( or )e #an spe#ify a distan#e t"roug" )"i#" you )ant to offset t"e to offset( or )e #an spe#ify a distan#e t"roug" )"i#" you )ant to offset t"e se!e#

se!e#ted o$&e#t T"e prompt se8uented o$&e#t T"e prompt se8uen#e )"i#" fo!!o)s )"en )e #e )"i#" fo!!o)s )"en )e in'oin'o%e%e O//SETO//SET #ommand using #ommand )indo) is gi'en next

#ommand using #ommand )indo) is gi'en next Command- O55+ET  Enter

Command- O55+ET  Enter +pe#i

+pe#ify fy offsoffset et distadistan#e n#e or or T"roT"roug"6Eug"6Erase6Lrase6LayerJ T"roug"ayerJ T"roug"-- Specify the offset Specify the offset distance. distance. P P Through Option Through Option

:sing t"is option )e do not need to spe#ify a distan#e )e simp!y spe#ify an offset :sing t"is option )e do not need to spe#ify a distan#e )e simp!y spe#ify an offset point and t"e di

point and t"e distan#e $et)een t"em is stostan#e $et)een t"em is stored as offset distan#ered as offset distan#e Erase Option

Erase Option

T"e Erase option is used to spe#ify )"et"er t"e sour#e o$&e#t "as to $e de!eted or T"e Erase option is used to spe#ify )"et"er t"e sour#e o$&e#t "as to $e de!eted or not

not

Layer Option Layer Option

:se t"e Layer option to spe#ify )"et"er t"e offset entity )i!! $e p!a#ed in t"e :se t"e Layer option to spe#ify )"et"er t"e offset entity )i!! $e p!a#ed in t"e #urrent !ayer or t"e !ayer of

#urrent !ayer or t"e !ayer of sour#e o$&e#tsour#e o$&e#t Q

Q

1

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+pe#ify t"e o$&e#t to offset or Exit6:ndoJ

Exit-+pe#ify t"e o$&e#t to offset or Exit6:ndoJ Exit- Specify the obect to offset.Specify the obect to offset. +pe#ify point on side to offset or

Exit6Mu!tip!e6:ndo-+pe#ify point on side to offset or Exit6Mu!tip!e6:ndo- Specify a point on side toSpecify a point on side to offset.

offset. +e!e#

+e!e#t o$&e#t to offset or t o$&e#t to offset or ExitExit6:nd6:ndoJ Exit-oJ Exit- Select another obect to offset or Select another obect to offset or press

press EnterEnter

A,,AF

An array is defined as t"e met"od of #reating mu!tip!e #opies of t"e se!e#ted o$&e#t An array is defined as t"e met"od of #reating mu!tip!e #opies of t"e se!e#ted o$&e#t and arranging t"em in a re#tangu!ar or #ir#u!ar fas"ion In some dra)ings( )e may and arranging t"em in a re#tangu!ar or #ir#u!ar fas"ion In some dra)ings( )e may need to spe#ify an o$&e#t mu!tip!e times in a re#tangu!ar or #ir#u!ar arrangement need to spe#ify an o$&e#t mu!tip!e times in a re#tangu!ar or #ir#u!ar arrangement 5or examp!e( suppose you "a'e to dra) six #"airs around a ta$!e T"is &o$ #an $e 5or examp!e( suppose you "a'e to dra) six #"airs around a ta$!e T"is &o$ #an $e a##omp!is"ed $y dra)ing ea#" #"air seperate!y or $y using t"e CO4F #ommand a##omp!is"ed $y dra)ing ea#" #"air seperate!y or $y using t"e CO4F #ommand toma%e mu!tip!e #opies of t"e #"air ut it is a 'ery tedious pro#ess and a!so t"e toma%e mu!tip!e #opies of t"e #"air ut it is a 'ery tedious pro#ess and a!so t"e a!ignment of t"e #"airs )i!! "a'e to $e ad&usted :sing

a!ignment of t"e #"airs )i!! "a'e to $e ad&usted :sing .--.*.--.* #ommand( a!! )e #ommand( a!! )e need to do is #reate &ust one #"air and t"e remaining fi'e )i!! $e #reated and need to do is #reate &ust one #"air and t"e remaining fi'e )i!! $e #reated and automati#a!!y arranged around t"e ta$!e $y t"e

automati#a!!y arranged around t"e ta$!e $y t"e .--.*.--.* #ommand T"is met"od is #ommand T"is met"od is more effi#ient and !ess

more effi#ient and !ess time9#onsumingtime9#onsuming .--.*

.--.* #ommand #an $e in'o%ed $y different met"ods su#" as from Modify #ommand #an $e in'o%ed $y different met"ods su#" as from Modify too!$ar( or $y ma%ing use of t"e Command Windo)( or from t"e Modify option of too!$ar( or $y ma%ing use of t"e Command Windo)( or from t"e Modify option of Menu ar

Menu ar

-E"T.NG0L.-

-E"T.NG0L.- .--.

.--.*

*

A re#tangu!ar array is formed $y ma%ing #opies of t"e se!e#ted o$&e#t a!ong t"e  A re#tangu!ar array is formed $y ma%ing #opies of t"e se!e#ted o$&e#t a!ong t"e  and F dire#tions of an imaginary re#tang!e @a!ong ro)s and #o!umns It #an $e and F dire#tions of an imaginary re#tang!e @a!ong ro)s and #o!umns It #an $e #reated $y se!e#ting t"e

#reated $y se!e#ting t"e -ectangular .rray-ectangular .rray $utton in t"e array dia!og $ox @fig R $utton in t"e array dia!og $ox @fig R t"at appears on in'o%ing

t"at appears on in'o%ing .--.*.--.* #omand #omand -O1S

-O1S

T"is edit $ox is used to spe#ify

(23)

"OL0MNS "OL0MNS

T"is edit $ox is used to spe#ify

T"is edit $ox is used to spe#ify t"e num$er of #o!umns in t"e rt"e num$er of #o!umns in t"e re#tangu!ar arraye#tangu!ar array

Figure * +ectangular Arra) opon in Arra) dialog o,

Offset distance and direction .rea Offset distance and direction .rea

T"e options under t"is area are used to define t"e distan#e $et)een t"e ro)s and T"e options under t"is area are used to define t"e distan#e $et)een t"e ro)s and t"e #o!umns and t"e ang!e of array

t"e #o!umns and t"e ang!e of array -o# Offset$

-o# Offset$ T"is edit $ox is used to spe#ify t"e distan#e $et)een t"e ro)s We T"is edit $ox is used to spe#ify t"e distan#e $et)een t"e ro)s We #an eit"er enter t"e distan#e 'a!ue in t"is edit $ox or #"oose t"e

#an eit"er enter t"e distan#e 'a!ue in t"is edit $ox or #"oose t"e Pick -o# OffsetPick -o# Offset $utton to define t"

$utton to define t"e ro) offset distan#e ro) offset distan#e $y spe#ifying t)o poe $y spe#ifying t)o points on s#reenints on s#reen "olumn Offset$

"olumn Offset$ T"is edit $ox is used to spe#ify t"e distan#e $et)een t"e T"is edit $ox is used to spe#ify t"e distan#e $et)een t"e #o!umns We #an eit"er enter t"e distan#e 'a!ue in t"is edit $ox or #"oose t"e

#o!umns We #an eit"er enter t"e distan#e 'a!ue in t"is edit $ox or #"oose t"e Pick Pick "olumn

"olumn OffsetOffset $utton to define t"e #o!umn offset distan#e $y spe#ifying t)o $utton to define t"e #o!umn offset distan#e $y spe#ifying t)o points on s#reen

points on s#reen .ngle of .rrray$

.ngle of .rrray$ T"is edit $ox is used to define t"e ang!e of array T"is is t"e T"is edit $ox is used to define t"e ang!e of array T"is is t"e 'a!ue $y )"i#" t"e ro)s and #o!umns )i!! $e

'a!ue $y )"i#" t"e ro)s and #o!umns )i!! $e rotatedrotated

#

(24)

POL.

POL.- .--.

- .--.*

*

A po!ar array is an arrangement of t"e o$&e#ts around a point in a #ir#u!ar fas"ion A po!ar array is an arrangement of t"e o$&e#ts around a point in a #ir#u!ar fas"ion T"i

T"is s %in%ind d of array is of array is #re#reateated d $y se!e$y se!e#ti#ting t"eng t"e Polar .rrayPolar .rray $utton in t"e Array $utton in t"e Array dia!og $ox @fig 20 t"at appears on in'o%ing

dia!og $ox @fig 20 t"at appears on in'o%ing .--.*.--.* #ommand #ommand

Figure 1- .olar Arra) opon in Arrra) dialog o,

"ENTE- POINT "ENTE- POINT

T"e #enter point of t"e array is defined as t"e point around )"i#" t"e se!e#ted T"e #enter point of t"e array is defined as t"e point around )"i#" t"e se!e#ted items )i!! $e arranged It is defined as t"e #enter point of t"e imaginary #ir#!e on items )i!! $e arranged It is defined as t"e #enter point of t"e imaginary #ir#!e on )"ose #ir#umferen#e t"e items )i!! $e p!a#ed T"e #oordinates of t"e #enter of )"ose #ir#umferen#e t"e items )i!! $e p!a#ed T"e #oordinates of t"e #enter of array #an $e spe#ified in t"e  and F edit $oxes We #an eit"er enter t"e 'a!ues in array #an $e spe#ified in t"e  and F edit $oxes We #an eit"er enter t"e 'a!ues in t"e

t"ese se ediedit t $ox$oxes es or se!e#or se!e#t t t"e #entt"e #enter er poipoint of nt of arrarray from ay from t"e s#ret"e s#reen usingen using Pick Pick "enter Point

"enter Point $utton $utton

Method and 2alues .rea Method and 2alues .rea

T"e options under t"is area are used

T"e options under t"is area are used to set t"e parameters re!ated to to set t"e parameters re!ated to t"e met"od t"att"e met"od t"at )i!! $e emp!oyed to

)i!! $e emp!oyed to #reate t"e po!ar arr#reate t"e po!ar arrayay Method$

Method$ T"is drop9do)n !ist pro'ides us t"ree met"ods for #reating t"e po!ar T"is drop9do)n !ist pro'ides us t"ree met"ods for #reating t"e po!ar array

(25)

Total num+er of items 3 .ngle to fill$

Total num+er of items 3 .ngle to fill$ T"is met"od is used to #reate a po!ar T"is met"od is used to #reate a po!ar array spe#ifying num$er of items in array an t"e tota! in#!uded ang!e $et)een t"e array spe#ifying num$er of items in array an t"e tota! in#!uded ang!e $et)een t"e first and t"e !ast item T"e num$er of items and t"e ang!e to $e fi!!ed #an $e first and t"e !ast item T"e num$er of items and t"e ang!e to $e fi!!ed #an $e spe#ified in t"e

spe#ified in t"e Total num+er of itemsTotal num+er of items and and .ngle to fill.ngle to fill edit $oxes respe#ti'e!y edit $oxes respe#ti'e!y We #an a!so spe#ify t"e ang!e to fi!! on s#reen $y #"oosing

We #an a!so spe#ify t"e ang!e to fi!! on s#reen $y #"oosing .ngle to fill.ngle to fill $utton $utton pro'ided

pro'ided

Total num+er of items 3 .ngle +et#een items$

Total num+er of items 3 .ngle +et#een items$ T"is met"od is used T"is met"od is used )"en )e)"en )e )ant to #reate a po!ar array

)ant to #reate a po!ar array $y spe#ifying t"e tota! num$er of items in $y spe#ifying t"e tota! num$er of items in t"e array andt"e array and t"e in#!uded ang!e $et)een t)o ad&a#ent items T"e ang!e $et)een items is a!so t"e in#!uded ang!e $et)een t)o ad&a#ent items T"e ang!e $et)een items is a!so #a!!ed as in#rementa! ang!e T"e num$er items and t"e ang!e $et)een t"e items #an #a!!ed as in#rementa! ang!e T"e num$er items and t"e ang!e $et)een t"e items #an $e

$e spe#ified spe#ified in in t"et"e TTototal al nunum+m+er er of of ititememss aanndd .ng.ngle le +e+et#et#een en iteitemsms edit edit $oxes(respe#ti'e!y

$oxes(respe#ti'e!y  WWe e #an #an a!so a!so spe#ify spe#ify t"eang!e t"eang!e $et)een $et)een items items on on t"e t"e s#reen s#reen $y$y #"oosing

#"oosing .ngle +et#een items.ngle +et#een items $utton $utton .ngle to fill 3 .ngle +et#een items$

.ngle to fill 3 .ngle +et#een items$ T"is met"od is used )"en )e )ant toT"is met"od is used )"en )e )ant to spe#ifyang!e $et)een t"e items and tota! ang!e to fi!! In t"is #ase t"e num$er of spe#ifyang!e $et)een t"e items and tota! ang!e to fi!! In t"is #ase t"e num$er of items is not spe#ified( $ut is automati#a!!y #a!#u!ated using t"e tota! ang!e and items is not spe#ified( $ut is automati#a!!y #a!#u!ated using t"e tota! ang!e and ang!e $et)een t"e items T"e ang!e to fi!! and t"e ang!e $et)een t"e items #an $e ang!e $et)een t"e items T"e ang!e to fi!! and t"e ang!e $et)een t"e items #an $e entered in t"eir respe#ti'e $oxes

entered in t"eir respe#ti'e $oxes

MO;E

+ometimes t"e o$&e#ts are not !o#ated )"ere t"ey s"ou!d a#tua!!y $e In t"ese +ometimes t"e o$&e#ts are not !o#ated )"ere t"ey s"ou!d a#tua!!y $e In t"ese situations( )e #an use t"e MO;E #ommand T"is #ommand a!!o)s you to mo'e situations( )e #an use t"e MO;E #ommand T"is #ommand a!!o)s you to mo'e one or more o$&e#ts from t"eir #urrent !o#ation to a ne) !o#ation T"is #"ange of one or more o$&e#ts from t"eir #urrent !o#ation to a ne) !o#ation T"is #"ange of !o#ation of t"e o$&e#ts does not #"ange t"eir siBe or orientation On in'o%ing t"is !o#ation of t"e o$&e#ts does not #"ange t"eir siBe or orientation On in'o%ing t"is #ommand )e are prompted to se!e#t o$&e#ts to $e mo'ed and t"e $ase point T"is #ommand )e are prompted to se!e#t o$&e#ts to $e mo'ed and t"e $ase point T"is $ase point is t"e referen#e p

$ase point is t"e referen#e point )it" )"i#" oint )it" )"i#" t"e o$&e#t )i!! $e t"e o$&e#t )i!! $e pi#%ed and mo'edpi#%ed and mo'ed

5

(26)

,OTATE

+ometimes )e re8uires an o$&e#t or any s%et#" in angu!ar positiont"e In t"ese +ometimes )e re8uires an o$&e#t or any s%et#" in angu!ar positiont"e In t"ese situations( )e #an

situations( )e #an use t"e use t"e ,OT,OTAATE #ommand T"is TE #ommand T"is #ommand a!!o)s you #ommand a!!o)s you to rotateto rotate one or more o$&e#ts from t"eir #urrent !o#ation to a spe#ifi# ang!e T"is #"ange of one or more o$&e#ts from t"eir #urrent !o#ation to a spe#ifi# ang!e T"is #"ange of of t"e o$&e#ts does not #"ange t"eir siBe On in'o%ing t"is #ommand )e are of t"e o$&e#ts does not #"ange t"eir siBe On in'o%ing t"is #ommand )e are prompted

prompted to to se!e#t se!e#t o$&e#ts to o$&e#ts to $e $e rotated rotated and and t"e t"e $ase $ase point T"is point T"is $ase $ase point point is is t"et"e referen#e point )it" )"i#" t"e o$&e#t )i!! $e rotated

referen#e point )it" )"i#" t"e o$&e#t )i!! $e rotated

+CALE

Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( )e #an in#rease or

Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( )e #an in#rease or de#rease t"e siBe of any o$&e#t or de#rease t"e siBe of any o$&e#t or a s%et#" +ometimes )e re8uires an o$&e#t in num$ers( on!y )it" t"e differen#e of a s%et#" +ometimes )e re8uires an o$&e#t in num$ers( on!y )it" t"e differen#e of siBes +o in t"is

siBes +o in t"is situation( )e #an use t"e +CALE situation( )e #an use t"e +CALE #ommand T"is #ommand a!!o)s#ommand T"is #ommand a!!o)s you to s#a!e one or more o$&e#ts from t"e se!e#ted $ase point On in'o%ing t"is you to s#a!e one or more o$&e#ts from t"e se!e#ted $ase point On in'o%ing t"is #ommand )e are prompted to se!e#t o$&e#ts to $e s#a!ed and t"e $ase point T"is #ommand )e are prompted to se!e#t o$&e#ts to $e s#a!ed and t"e $ase point T"is $ase point is t"e referen#e p

$ase point is t"e referen#e point )it" )"i#" oint )it" )"i#" t"e o$&e#t )i!! $e t"e o$&e#t )i!! $e s#a!eds#a!ed

+T,ETCH

Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( )e #an in#rease or de#rease t"e siBe of some Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( )e #an in#rease or de#rease t"e siBe of some se!e#ted part of any o$&e#t in a spe#ifi# dire#tion In t"is #ommand( t"e s%et#" is se!e#ted part of any o$&e#t in a spe#ifi# dire#tion In t"is #ommand( t"e s%et#" is stret#"ed as mu#" )e re8uired +ometimes )e re8uires an o$&e#t in num$ers( on!y stret#"ed as mu#" )e re8uired +ometimes )e re8uires an o$&e#t in num$ers( on!y )it" t"e differen#e of siBes some part of t"e s%et#"ed o$&e#t +o in t"is situation( )it" t"e differen#e of siBes some part of t"e s%et#"ed o$&e#t +o in t"is situation( )e #an use t"e +T,ETCH #ommand T"is #ommand a!!o)s you to stret#" t"e )e #an use t"e +T,ETCH #ommand T"is #ommand a!!o)s you to stret#" t"e o$&e#ts from t"e se!e#ted $ase point On in'o%ing t"is #ommand )e are prompted o$&e#ts from t"e se!e#ted $ase point On in'o%ing t"is #ommand )e are prompted to se!e#t t"e portion to $e s#a!ed )it" t"e "e!p of green )indo) and t"e $ase point to se!e#t t"e portion to $e s#a!ed )it" t"e "e!p of green )indo) and t"e $ase point T"is $ase point is t"e referen#e

(27)

T,IM

Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( )e #an remo'e t"e !ine or any s%et#"ed entity In Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( )e #an remo'e t"e !ine or any s%et#"ed entity In t"is #ommand( t"e s%et#" is trimmed as mu#" )e re8uired It remo'es t"e extra t"is #ommand( t"e s%et#" is trimmed as mu#" )e re8uired It remo'es t"e extra dra)n !ine or s%et#" as per our spe#ifi# re8uirement T"is #ommand a!!o)s you to dra)n !ine or s%et#" as per our spe#ifi# re8uirement T"is #ommand a!!o)s you to trim t"e o$&e#ts from t"e se!e#ted side On in'o%ing t"is #ommand( )e "a'e to trim t"e o$&e#ts from t"e se!e#ted side On in'o%ing t"is #ommand( )e "a'e to rig"t #!i#% in t"e dra)ing area and )e are prompted to !eft #!i#% on t"e portion to rig"t #!i#% in t"e dra)ing area and )e are prompted to !eft #!i#% on t"e portion to $e trimmed

$e trimmed

ETEND

Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( )e #an in#rease t"e !ine t"e !ine upto t"e spe#ifi# Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( )e #an in#rease t"e !ine t"e !ine upto t"e spe#ifi# point or

point or !o#ation In t"is !o#ation In t"is #ommand( t"e s%et#" #ommand( t"e s%et#" is extended as is extended as mu#" )e mu#" )e re8uired Itre8uired It re

remomo'e'es s t"t"e e exextrtra a drdra)a)n n !i!ine ne or or s%s%etet#" #" as as peper r ouour r spspe#e#ififi# i# rere8u8uirirememenent t OnOn in'o%ing t"is #ommand( )e "a'e to rig"t #!i#% in t"e dra)ing area and )e are in'o%ing t"is #ommand( )e "a'e to rig"t #!i#% in t"e dra)ing area and )e are prompted to !eft #!i#% o

prompted to !eft #!i#% on t"e portion to $n t"e portion to $e extende extend

,EA

,EAK A

K AT A 4OIN

T A 4OINT

T

Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( )e #an $rea% t"e !ine at a point )"ere )e re8uired Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( )e #an $rea% t"e !ine at a point )"ere )e re8uired In t"is #ommand( t"e s%et#" is $ro%en from t"at point )"ere )e re8uired We #an In t"is #ommand( t"e s%et#" is $ro%en from t"at point )"ere )e re8uired We #an #r

#reaeate te t"t"e e nunum$m$er er of of $r$reaea% % popoinints ts as as mumu#" #" )e )e rere8u8uirireded  On On inin'o'o%i%ing ng t"t"isis #ommand( )e "a'e to se!e#t t"e !ine and after t"at #!i#% on t"at point from )"ere #ommand( )e "a'e to se!e#t t"e !ine and after t"at #!i#% on t"at point from )"ere )e )ant to $rea% t"e se!e#ted !ine( after using t"is #ommand t"e !ine or any )e )ant to $rea% t"e se!e#ted !ine( after using t"is #ommand t"e !ine or any se!e#ted entity )i!! $e #on'erted into num$ers

se!e#ted entity )i!! $e #on'erted into num$ers

$

(28)

,EAK

Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( )e #an $rea% t"e !ine )it" a spe#ifi# distan#e or Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( )e #an $rea% t"e !ine )it" a spe#ifi# distan#e or upto a spe#ifi# point as mu#" )e re8uired On in'o%ing t"is #ommand( )e "a'e to upto a spe#ifi# point as mu#" )e re8uired On in'o%ing t"is #ommand( )e "a'e to se!e#t t"e point on t"e !ine and after t"at #!i#% on t"at point upto )"ere )e )ant to se!e#t t"e point on t"e !ine and after t"at #!i#% on t"at point upto )"ere )e )ant to $rea%

$rea% t"e t"e !ine After !ine After using using t"is t"is #ommand #ommand on on t"e t"e !ine !ine or or any any se!e#ted se!e#ted entityentity( ( t"eret"ere )i!! $e spa#e $et)een

)i!! $e spa#e $et)een t"e s!e!e#ted points in t"e t"e s!e!e#ted points in t"e !ine or entity!ine or entity

*OIN

Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( )e #an &oin t"e !ine dra)n or p!a#ed in t"e same Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( )e #an &oin t"e !ine dra)n or p!a#ed in t"e same p!ane

p!ane On On in'o%ing in'o%ing t"is t"is #ommand( #ommand( )e )e "a'e "a'e to to se!e#t se!e#t t"e t"e first first !ine !ine and and after after t"att"at se#ond !ine p!a#ed at t"e same p!ane and

se#ond !ine p!a#ed at t"e same p!ane and t"en rig"t #!i#% At"en rig"t #!i#% After using t"is #ommandfter using t"is #ommand ( t"ere )i!! $e no spa#e

( t"ere )i!! $e no spa#e $et)een t"e !ines or entities$et)een t"e !ines or entities

CHAM5E,

T"is #ommand is used for remo'ing t"e s"arp #orners On in'o%ing t"is #ommand( T"is #ommand is used for remo'ing t"e s"arp #orners On in'o%ing t"is #ommand( )e "a'e to press A t"en ENTE,( after t"at fi!! t"e distan#e and t"en ENTE,( t"en )e "a'e to press A t"en ENTE,( after t"at fi!! t"e distan#e and t"en ENTE,( t"en fi!! t"e 'a!ue of ANGLE and ENTE,( after

fi!! t"e 'a!ue of ANGLE and ENTE,( after t"at se!e#t t"e !ine on t"at se!e#t t"e !ine on )"i#" )e )ant to)"i#" )e )ant to #reate t"e

#reate t"e #"amfer#"amfer

5ILLET

T"is #ommand is used for remo'ing t"e s"arp #orners On in'o%ing t"is #ommand( T"is #ommand is used for remo'ing t"e s"arp #orners On in'o%ing t"is #ommand( )e "a'e to press , t"en ENTE,( after t"at fi!! t"e 'a!ue and t"en ENTE,( after )e "a'e to press , t"en ENTE,( after t"at fi!! t"e 'a!ue and t"en ENTE,( after t"at se!e#t t"e !ines on )"i#" )e )ant to

(29)

,EGION

T"is #ommand is used f

T"is #ommand is used for #on'erting t"e re!ation of LINE or #on'erting t"e re!ation of LINE into 4OLinto 4OLFLINE eforeFLINE efore using t"is #ommand t"e s%et#" s"ou!d $e #!osed from a!! sides On in'o%ing t"is using t"is #ommand t"e s%et#" s"ou!d $e #!osed from a!! sides On in'o%ing t"is #ommand( )e "a'e to se!e#t a!! !ines and

#ommand( )e "a'e to se!e#t a!! !ines and t"en rig"t #!i#%t"en rig"t #!i#%

E4LODE

T"is #ommand is used for #on'erting t"e re!ation of 4OLFLINE into LINE On T"is #ommand is used for #on'erting t"e re!ation of 4OLFLINE into LINE On in'o%ing t"is #ommand( )e "a'e to se!e#t t"e 4OL

in'o%ing t"is #ommand( )e "a'e to se!e#t t"e 4OLFLINE FLINE and t"en rig"t #!i#%and t"en rig"t #!i#%

%

(30)

E!E-"ISE NO &45 E!E-"ISE NO &45

(31)

E!E-"ISE NO (45 E!E-"ISE NO (45

#1

(32)

E!E-"ISE NO %45 E!E-"ISE NO %45

(33)

E!E-"ISE NO )45 E!E-"ISE NO )45

##

(34)

E!E-"ISE NO 645 E!E-"ISE NO 645

(35)

#5

(36)

(37)

#$

(38)

E!E-"ISE NO :45 E!E-"ISE NO :45

(39)

E!E-"ISE NO &'45 E!E-"ISE NO &'45

#%

(40)

>D MODELING TOOLA,+

(41)



 MODELINGMODELING



 O,ITO,IT



 +OLID EDITING+OLID EDITING



 :C+:C+



 ;IEW;IEW



 ;I+:AL +TFLE+;I+:AL +TFLE+

41

(42)

>D MODEL+

E!E-"ISE NO &45 E!E-"ISE NO &45 E!E-"ISE NO (45 E!E-"ISE NO (45

(43)

E!E-"ISE NO %45 E!E-"ISE NO %45

4#

(44)

E!E-"ISE NO )45 E!E-"ISE NO )45

(45)

45

(46)

(47)

A++EML

A++EMLF@MO:LDIN

F@MO:LDING

G DIE

DIE

PARTS USED FOR ASSY& OF 'ORE (ALF ) 'A*ITY (ALF

4$

(48)

PLATES USED FOR 'A*ITY (ALF

 

(49)

4%

(50)

PLATES USED FOR 'ORE (ALF

(51)

ASSEMBL

ASSEMBLY *I

Y *IEW

EW

51

(52)