FinalReviewPacket

(1)

CONCEPTUAL PHYSICS FINAL EXAM REVIEW PACKET

SPRING 2014 – MR. anthony

Topics Covered:

 Metric Prefixes, and Unit Conversions

 Speed/Velocity

 Acceleration

 Rotational Motion (rotation & revolution)

 Torque & Center of Gravity

 Graphing Motion

 Projectile Motion and Freefall  Law of Inertia (Newton’s 1st_Law)  Newton’s 2nd_{Law of Motion}

 Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion  Momentum

 Energy Generation Sources

 Kinetic Energy

 Potential Energy

 Conservation of Energy  Work

 Power

 Centripetal Force  Atoms & Elements  Phases Of Matter

 Properties of Matter: Density

 Properties of Matter: Buoyancy  Heat and Temperature

 Specific Heat Capacity

 Heat Transfer

 Properties of Waves  Sound

USEFUL EQUATIONS (will be given on test)

V = D / T

A = V / T

A = F / M

P = MV

PE = mgh

KE = ½ MV

2

_{W = FD}

_{P = W/T}

D = M/V

F = MA

W = MG

F

C

= MV

2

V

TAN

= 2



R/T

T = 1 / F

F = 1 / T

V =



F

Q = MCT

I = FT

E

TOT

= PE + KE

L = I



Useful Study Resources (in order of importance)

1. Completing This Review Packet!

2. Past Quizzes and Unit Tests

(2)

Metric Prefixes, and Unit Conversions

Convert these metric measurements:

140 kg to g ________

210mg to g ________

103m to mm ________

43L to mL ________

23.2km to m ________

24.05mL to L ________

0.42m to mm ________

0.035km to m ________

0.00405km to mm ________

(m = milli- k = kilo-)

Speed/Velocity

A scalar includes only a _____________. A vector includes a _____________ and a ___________________.

What is the average speed of a dog that runs 25m in 6 seconds?

The Indianapolis 500 race track is 2.5 miles long. Drivers make 200 laps during a race.

What is the distance they drive?

If a driver finishes the race in 3 hours, what is his average speed for the race?

Acceleration

Acceleration is defined as a change in ___________________.

List two ways that an object can accelerate:

1.

2.

Calculate the acceleration:

Drag racer goes from 0m/s to 100m/s in 5s.

Car on I95 accelerates from 50mph to 70mph to pass a car, taking 2 seconds to do so.

Car on I95 jams on the brakes to avoid an accident. Slows from 50mph to 0mph in 4 seconds.

Rotational Motion (rotation & revolution)

The term for circling on an internal axis is _____________________.

The term for circling on an external axis is _____________________.

(3)

Why does a gymnast tuck into a ball in order to do flips faster?

An object’s inertia depends on its ___________________ only. But its rotational inertia depends on its _______________ and the ___________________ of it.

Torque & Center of Gravity

Mark an “X” at the Center of Mass of each of these objects:

What is the torque created by the small block on the left?

What is the torque created by the large block on the right?

Does this see-saw balance, if so why?

Does what this guy is doing with the rope increase the torque on the bolt?

Why or why not?

(4)

Graphing Motion

What information is this graph reporting?

In words, describe the motion of this object over time.

What is the maximum distance the object moved from its starting point?

What is the displacement between t=0sec and t=5sec?

What is the average speed between t=0sec and t=5sec?

What is the average speed between t=0sec and t=10sec?

Draw and label the “distance vs. time” graph of an object traveling at a constant speed of 5m/s.

Draw and label the “speed vs. time” graph of an object traveling at a constant speed of 5m/s.

(5)

Draw and label the “distance vs. time” graph of an object traveling at a constant acceleration of 2m/s

2

_.

Draw and label the “speed vs. time” graph of an object traveling at a constant acceleration of 2m/s

2

_.

Projectile Motion and Freefall

Define “freefall” in a physics context.

What is the value of the acceleration of gravity? g = ____________

If you ignore air resistance, how does the

speed

of a falling object change as time progresses?

If you ignore air resistance, how does the

acceleration

of a falling object change as time progresses?

What is velocity of a freefalling object in the X AND Y DIRECTION?

What is the acceleration of a freefalling object in the X AND Y DIRECTION?

(6)

Law of Inertia (Newton’s 1st_Law)

What is the net force (amount and direction) on each box?

1.

2.

3.

4. A car is driving around a curve and hits a large patch of ice, what direction does the car slide? Why? Include

“inertia” in your answer.

Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion

Use Newton’s 3

rd

_{Law of Motion to describe why a target shooter needs to hold his pistol tightly when he fires a}

bullet at his target.

What is the ACTION FORCE in this picture?

(7)

Newton’s 2nd_{Law of Motion}

What is the equation for Newton’s 2

nd

_{Law of Motion?}

What is the force required to accelerate a 3kg ball at 4m/s

2

_?

What is the force required to accelerate a 0.2kg ball at 2m/s

2

_?

What is the acceleration if a 3N force is applied to a 6kg ball?

If a 12N force causes Object A to accelerate at 2m/s

2

_{what is the mass of Object A?}

What is the

acceleration

(speed and direction) on each box if the boxes weigh 2kg?

1.

2.

3.

4.

Momentum

What is the equation relating momentum to mass and velocity?

What is the momentum of a 1000kg car driving 20m/s?

What is the momentum of a 100kg man running 5m/s?

What is the momentum of a dinosaur standing still (0 m/s)?

During an

inelastic

collision ___________________ is conserved.

During an

elastic

collision and _ are both conserved.

Energy Sources

(8)

Source:

Renewable?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Kinetic Energy

What is the equation relating kinetic energy to mass and velocity?

What is the kinetic energy of a 1000kg car driving 20m/s?

What is the kinetic energy of a 100kg man running 5m/s?

Potential Energy

Kinetic energy is energy of __. Potential energy is energy of .

What is the equation relating gravitational potential energy to mass and height (and the constant acceleration of

gravity)?

What is the potential energy of a 1000kg car on top of a 100m hill?

What is the potential energy of a 100kg man on top of a 2m table?

Conservation of Energy

(9)

If the 100kg rider starts at point W with a velocity of 0m/s and height of 10m…

What is his initial potential energy at point W?

What is his initial kinetic energy at point W?

What is his initial total energy at point W?

What is his final potential energy at point Z?

What is his final kinetic energy at point Z?

What is his final total energy at point Z?

What is his potential energy at point X, which is 1/3 of the way down the hill?

What is his kinetic energy at point X, which is 1/3 of the way down the hill?

What is his total energy at point X, which is 1/3 of the way down the hill?

Work

What is the equation relating work to force and distance?

What are the units of work?

How much work does a person who uses 150N of force to push a car 100m do?

How much work does a person who uses 100N of force to lift a baby 2m do?

Power

What is the equation relating power to work and time?

What are the units of power?

How much power does a person does 300joules of work over 15 seconds exert?

(10)

Centripetal Acceleration & Force

The centripetal force on an object in circular motion always points in what direction?

What is the centripetal force exerted on a 100 kg motorcycle that speeds at 20 m/s around a 10 m diameter

metal cage?

Atoms & Elements

What are the three most common states of matter?

State Has a defintite volume? (Y/N) Has a definite shape? (Y/N)

1.

2.

3.

Properties of Solids: Density

(11)

What is the density of a 3kg object that occupies 2L of space?

What is the density of a 100g object that occupies 30mL of space?

What is the density of water in g/mL?

What is the density of water in g/L?

Subatomic Particles.

What are the 3 basic subatomic particles?

What particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

What particles are found outside of the nucleus of an atom?

Compare the mass of an electron to the mass of a proton?

Compare the electric charge of an electron to the mass of a proton?

Properties of Matter: Density.

What do some things sink and some things float? What are the three rules?

Compare the buoyancy force and the weight force (gravity) to determine whether something sinks or floats.

Heat and Temperature

Temperature is a measure of the _________________ kinetic energy of molecules on an object.

Heat is a measure of the _________________ kinetic energy of molecules on an object.

As the temperature of an object increase, its molecules are moving or vibrating ______________.

If one L of 50deg water is mixed with one L of 90deg water, what is the temperature of the resulting two L of water?

What is the AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY of a substance?

What is the TOTAL KINETIC ENERGY of a substance?

Specific Heat Capacity

Specific Heat Capacity measures a materials ability to absorb ______________ and resist a change in ____________.

Does a substance with a high heat capacity change its temperature easily, or NAH?

(12)

Heat Transfer

Heat can be transferred by ______________________ or ____________________ or _____________________.

Give an example of each.

1.

2.

3.

When two objects are in thermal contact for a long time, they reach a state of _____________ _______________.

Properties of Waves

Draw a wave. Label the wavelength. Label the amplitude.

Relate the Period of a wave to the Frequency of the wave (equation).

Relate the Velocity (speed) of a wave to the Frequency and Wavelength of the wave (equation).

What causes waves?

What do waves carry?

What is the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave?

Give one example of each.

Which wave has the highest frequency?

Which wave has the longest wavelength?

Which wave has the longest period?

(13)

Is sound a transverse or longitudinal wave?

Can sound travel from the earth to the moon?

High pitched sounds have ______________ wavelengths and ________________ frequencies.