Transmission Line Design for IOE Students

(1)

[TYPETHECOMPANYNAME] [TYPETHECOMPANYNAME] [TYPETHECOMPANYNAME] [TYPETHECOMPANYNAME]

T

TransmissionLine

ransmissionLine

Design

80mw100km

1.MostEconomicalVoltagecalculation

(2)

Themosteonomia!"o!tageisgi"en#$the%o!!ow

Themosteonomia!"o!tageisgi"en#$the%o!!owingem&iria!%orm'!a(

ingem&iria!%orm'!a(

Eonomia!)o!

Eonomia!)o!tage*)

tage*)eo+,-.-/

eo+,-.-/

150 150 150 150 * * * * * * * * cos cos cos cos 1000 1000 1000 1000 * * * * 6 6 6 6 .... 1 1 1 1 Nc NcNcNc P P P P Lt Lt Lt Lt φ φ φ φ + + + +

here

Lt,Lengtho%transmission!ine,100km

P,Powerto#etransmitte2,80mw

os3,Power%ator,0.48

N,No.o%ir'it,1

Then'singthea#o"e%orm'!aweget

V

Veo

eo

===135.47kv=135.47kv135.47kv135.47kv

Nearest5tan2ar2)o!tage,167k"

T

Taking167k"asare'ire2"o!tageasit

aking167k"asare'ire2"o!tageasitismoreneartotheo#taine

ismoreneartotheo#taine2

2

2 eonomia!"o!tage5os

eonomia!"o!tage5ostan2ar2"o!tage!e"e

tan2ar2"o!tage!e"e!o%transmission!ine

!o%transmission!ine,167k"

,167k"

eonomia!"o!tage5os

eonomia!"o!tage5ostan2ar2"o!tage!e"e

tan2ar2"o!tage!e"e!o%transmission!ine

!o%transmission!ine,167k"

,167k"

1.7ChekingTehnia!Criterion(

5'rgeim&e2ane!oa

5'rgeim&e2ane!oa2ing*59L+,):;<!,167:;=0

2ing*59L+,):;<!,167:;=00,=6.->mw

0,=6.->mw

5'rgeim&e2ane!oa

5'rgeim&e2ane!oa2ing*59L+,):;<!,167:;=0

2ing*59L+,):;<!,167:;=00,=6.->mw

0,=6.->mw

5'rgeim&e2aneo%

5'rgeim&e2aneo%o"erhea2!ine*<!+,=0

o"erhea2!ine*<!+,=00;N,=00;1,=00

0;N,=00;1,=00?

?

5'rgeim&e2aneo%

5'rgeim&e2aneo%o"erhea2!ine*<!+,=0

o"erhea2!ine*<!+,=00;N,=00;1,=00

0;N,=00;1,=00?

?

eha"e

P

!imit!imit!imit!imit

,m%/59L

M'!ti&!$ing

M'!ti&!$ing@

@ator*m%+,7.>7-

ator*m%+,7.>7-

ator*m%+,7.>7-5o

5o

P

!imit,!imit,!imit,!imit,

7.>7-/=6.->,11=.6=mw

5ine

P

!imit!imit!imit!imit



P

Henethet

Henethetehnia!riterion

ehnia!riterionissatisBe2

issatisBe2sowese!

sowese!etthe

etthe

Henethet

Henethetehnia!riterion

ehnia!riterionissatisBe2

issatisBe2sowese!

sowese!etthe"o!tage!e"e!o%

etthe"o!tage!e"e!o%

"o!tage!e"e!o%

167k"

)

)o!tage

(3)

T

Transmission

ransmission

N'm#er

N'm#ero%

o%Ckt

Ckt

7

7 P

Po

ow

we

err @

@a

a

tto

orr**

o

oss3

3++

0 0..4

48

8 L

Le

en

ng

gtth

h O

O%% T

Ta

an

ns

sm

miis

sssiio

on

n L

Liin

ne

e

1

10

00 0 k

km

m

2.

2.Calculation

CalculationOf

Of Insulation

InsulationDiscs

Discs

@ora!!thea!'!ationso%n'm#ero%

@ora!!thea!'!ationso%n'm#ero%ins'!ator2issweonsi2ere2the

ins'!ator2issweonsi2ere2the

%o!!owing"a!'eo%

%o!!owing"a!'eo%2ierent%ator(

2ierent%ator(

@O,@!asho"erithstan2atio,1.-NAC@,NonAtmos&heriCon2ition

NAC@,NonAtmos&heriCon2ition@@ator,1.1

ator,1.1

@5,@atorO%5a%et$,1.7

Maim'm5$stem

Maim'm5$stem )

)o!tage%or167k",1=-k"*10F

o!tage%or167k",1=-k"*10Fa#o"ethes$stem

a#o"ethes$stem

"o!tage+

5withingto9m&'!se

5withingto9m&'!seatio*59+,1.1-

atio59+,1.1-5withing5'rgeatio55+,7.8

5withing5'rgeatio*55+,7.8

7.1N'm#ero%

7.1N'm#ero%ins'!atorre'ir

ins'!atorre'ire2%ortem&orar$o"er"o!tage

e2%ortem&orar$o"er"o!tage

T

Tem&orar$o;"*)+,G7/k/)

em&orar$o;"*)+,G7/k/)

LLLL

I"aires%rom1to0.>a"g,0.8

E'i"a!entJasho"er"o!tage,Tem&orar$o;"*)+/@O/NAC@/@5

,G7/0.8/1=-/1.1-/1.1/1.7

,7=4.07

,7=4.07k"

k"

@

@romstan2ar2ta#!en'm#ero%

romstan2ar2ta#!en'm#ero%ins'!ator2issre'ire2towithstan2a#o"e

ins'!ator2issre'ire2towithstan2a#o"e

e'i"a!ent"o!tageis7

7.7N'm#ero%

7.7N'm#ero%ins'!ator2issre'ire2towithstan2ontin'o'so&erating

ins'!ator2issre'ire2towithstan2ontin'o'so&erating

"o!tage(

a.E'i"a!ent2r$1minJasho"er"o!tage,E'i"a!ent2r$1min

"o!tage/@O/NAC@/5@

,7>-*%rom

,7>-*%romta#!e+/1.1-/1.1/1.7

ta#!e+/1.1-/1.1/1.7

,=07.7K

,=07.7Kk"

k"

@

@romstan2ar2ta#!en'm#ero%

romstan2ar2ta#!en'm#ero%ins'!ator2issre'ire2towithstan2a#o"e

ins'!ator2issre'ire2towithstan2a#o"e

e'i"a!ent"o!tageisK

(4)

#.E'i"a!entwet1minJasho"er"o!tage,E'i"a!entwet1min

"o!tage/@O/NAC@/5@

,760*%rom

ta#!e+/1.1-/1.1/1.7

,6=4.1=

,6=4.1=k"

k"k"

k"

@

@romstan2ar2ta#!en'm#ero%

romstan2ar2ta#!en'm#ero%ins'!ator2issre'ire2towithstan2a#o"e

ins'!ator2issre'ire2towithstan2a#o"e

e'i"a!ent"o!tageis4

7.6N'm#ero%

7.6N'm#ero%ins'!ator2issre'ire2%orswithingo"er"o!tage(

ins'!ator2issre'ire2%orswithingo"er"o!tage(

5;o"er"o!tage,*G7;G6+/ma.5$stemO;)/55/59

5withingim&'!se%o",swithingo;"/swithingtoim&'s!e

ratio*59+/@O/NAC@/@5

,*G7;G6+/1=-/1.1-/7.8/1.1-/1.1/1.7

,-K8.>4

,-K8.>4k"

k"

@

@romstan2ar2ta#!en'm#ero%

romstan2ar2ta#!en'm#ero%ins'!ator2issre'ire2towithstan2a#o"e

ins'!ator2issre'ire2towithstan2a#o"e

e'i"a!ent"o!tageis>

7.=N'm#er

7.=N'm#ero%ins'!ator2iss

o%ins'!ator2issre'ir

re'ire2%or

e2%orthe!ightningO;)(

the!ightningO;)(

E'i"a!ent9m&'s!e%o",e'i"a!ent

E'i"a!ent9m&'s!e%o",e'i"a!ent!ightningo;"/@O/NAC@/@5

!ightningo;"/@O/NAC@/@5

,--0/1.1-/1.1/1.7

,86=.4

,86=.4k"

k"

@

@romstan2ar2ta#!en'm#ero%

romstan2ar2ta#!en'm#ero%ins'!ator2issre'ire2towithstan2a#o"e

ins'!ator2issre'ire2towithstan2a#o"e

e'i"a!ent"o!tageis4

!

!"" VVoollttaaggee lleevveell DDeesscc##ii$$ttiioonn VVoollttaaggee %%eevveell &kv'

&kv'

"um(e#OfDiscs "um(e#OfDiscs 1

1.. TemTem&o&orarar$r$o;o;"a"a&&&&eaeariringangarroossssththee ins'!ator ins'!ator 7 7==44..0077 77 7 7.. CCoonnttiinn''oo''s)s )oo!!ttaaggee a.

a. CoContntin'in'o'o'so;so;"inD"inDYY on2ition

on2ition #.

#. CoContntin'in'o'o'so;so;"in"inETET on2ition on2ition =07.7K =07.7K 86=.7K 86=.7K K K 4 4 6

6.. 55wwiitthhiinngg oo;;"" -K-K88..>>44 >> =

=.. OO;;)) 22''ee ttoo !!iigghhttnniinngg 8866==..44 44

T

(5)

Hene

Hene%rom

%romthe

thea#o"e

a#o"eta#!e

ta#!ethe

there'ir

re'ire2

e2n'm#er

n'm#ero%

o%ins'!ator

ins'!ator2iss

2issto

to

withstan2a!!t$&eso%"o!tage!e"e!ina!!on2ition%orgi"ens$stemis4

)e*ui#e+num(e#ofinsulato#+iscs=,

3.-i#Clea#anceCalculation

a,minim'm2istane

a,minim'm2istane *!earaner

*!earanere'irement+

e'irement+%roma!i

%roma!ineon2'tortoan$

neon2'tortoan$

earthe2o#etan2isgi"en

earthe2o#etan2isgi"en#$the%o!!owingre!ation(

#$the%o!!owingre!ation(

a,

a,

maim'ms$stem

maim'm

s$stem"o!tage

"o!tage/G7

/G7

G6

,*1=-/G7+;G6

,*1=-/G7+;G67-

7-,1=6.64m

,1=6.64m,1.=6m

,1.=6m

C!earane*!+,7a,78>.K8m,7.8>m

#,1.-a,71-.K8m,7.1-m

2,*1.-a;7!+;tan60,>87.48m,>.87m

L,aG7,707.K8m,7.07m

Y,La+;G1La+:/;$+:+,6K8.17m,6.K8m

theratioo%;$ranges

%rom1;6to1;=

Y;7,184.17m,1.84m

C,#7!,K84.6=m,K.84m

m m

(6)

7-T

Ta#!e7(

a#!e7(

A

Aiirr 

!!e

ea

arra

an

n

e

e %

%o

orrm

m tth

he

e e

ea

arrtth

he

e2

2 o

o#

# e

e

tt**a

a++

1 1..=

=6

6m

m

T

Toweri2th*

oweri2th*#+

#+

7.1-m

)

)ertia!2istane#etweentwo

ertia!2istane#etweentwoa2aent

a2aent

on2'tor*$+

6.K8m

Horionta!2istane#etweentwoa2aent

on2'tor*+

K.84m

Heighto%theearthwire%romtheto&ross

arm*2+

>.87m

4.Con+ucto#an+toe#selection

Line'rrentisa!'!ate2as

9,P;*G6/

)

!!!!

/os3/N+

,80000000;*G6/167000/0.48/1+

,6-K.0-Am&

Com&aringthis"a!'e

Com&aringthis"a!'eo%'rrentwiththe'rrentarr$inga&ait$%romthe

o%'rrentwiththe'rrentarr$inga&ait$%romthe

gi"enstan2ar2A5Con2'torta#!eon2'torLEOPADiso%righthoie.

@'rthe

@'rtherweha"etoBn2theeien$o%!inean2itsho'!2#e

rweha"etoBn2theeien$o%!inean2itsho'!2#e4=F

4=F

(7)



Eien$,Po't;Pin



Eien$,Po't;Pin

,Po't;*P

,Po't;*Po'tP!oss+

o'tP!oss+ 4=F

4=F

Loss,6/9:/*>-+

>-+,70[1a!&haT70+]

here

hereT,

T,maim'm

maim'ma!!owa#!e

a!!owa#!etem&erat're

tem&erat're

T

Take

akeT,

T,>-

>-2egree

2egreeentigra

entigra2e

2e

T

Ta#!e6(

a#!e6(

5N 5N NameO% NameO% C Coonn22''ttoorr 7700 >>- -T Tota!ota! 

**oohhmm++ PP!!oossss**wwaatttt++

Eien$* Eien$* F+

F+ 1

1 LLeeoo&&aarr22

0.714 0.714 6 6 0.7-8K 0.7-8K K K== 77--..88KKKK== 4460708.1 4460708.1 >1 >1 88.4-K8K 88.4-K8K 7-4 7-4 7 7 CCoo$$oottee 0.771 0.771 = = 0.7>17 0.7>17 --77 77>>..1177--77 1007-744. 1007-744. 0K 0K 88.8>640 88.8>640 41K 41K 6 6 T Tiiggeerr 0.777 0.777 1 1 0.7>70 0.7>70 K K88 77>>..7700KK88 100->44>. 100->44>. 0= 0= 88.867>6 88.867>6 716 716 = = oo!!%% 0.18= 0.18= = = 0.71K-4 477 7711..KK--4477 86=488K.K 86=488K.K -> -> 40.-=40> 40.-=40> 80K 80K -- LL$$nn 0.1-8 0.1-8 4 4 0.18K-0 077 1188..KK--0077 K14-717.6 K14-717.6 84 84 41.K=81->-4 >-4 > > PPaanntthheerr 0.16K 0.16K -0.1>77 0.1>77 -- 11>>..7777- ->77>140.K >77>140.K 08 08 47.KK476 47.KK476 =8K =8K K K LLiioonn 0.177 0.177 6 6 0.1==6 0.1==6 1 1== 11==..==6611== --6K416.> --6K416.> 7> 7> 46.-7-KK 46.-7-KK 846 846 8 8 QQeeaarr 0.110 0.110 7 7 0.1600 0.1600 6 6>> 1166..000066>> =440008.8 =440008.8 == == 4=.178K1 4=.178K1 176 176 4 4 RRooaatt 0.084 0.084 84 84 0.10>0 0.10>0 K K 1100..>>00KK0077 =0K06=6.8 =0K06=6.8 K= K= 4-.1-8=0 4-.1-8=0 K01 K01

@orthe

@ortheon2'torLEOP

on2'torLEOPADthee

ADtheeien$is88.4-Fwhihi

ien$is88.4-FwhihisS4=F

sS4=F so

so

Con2'torQEAishosensineeien$4=F

@oron2'torQEA

Con2'tor2iameter,76.=-mm,0.076=-m

RM%orin2'tane,0.KK88r,0.004161m

RM%ora&aitane,r,0.011K7-m

RMD,>.78m

5.Co#onaince$tionvoltagec#ite#ion

)

i,

71.1/RM/!n*RMD;RM+/m/71.1/RM/!n*RMD;RM+/m/δδ Where

Where,,m=roughnessm=roughnessfactor=factor=0.90.9forforASCRASCRconductorconductor Δ=relative

Δ=relativedensitydensityofofair=0.9air=0.9 !f"#R

(8)

!f

!f$ci*$s&)er

$ci*$s&)er)hase(

)hase(design

designis

issafe

safefrom

fromcorona

coronaeffect.

effect.

$ci=+.-.+&cm(-0.9-0.9-ln&/.+10.0+(

=2+.90'v

$s&)hase(=2+132=/.+'v

4ere,

4ere,$ci*$s

$ci*$sso

sono

nocorona

coronaoccurs.

occurs.

6.Vo

6.Voltageregulation

ltageregulation criterion

criterion

5oraconductor6ear,

Con2'tor2iameter,76.=-mm,0.076=-m

RM%orin2'tane,0.KK88r,0.004161m

RM%ora&aitane,r,0.011K7-m

RMD,>.78m

esi

esistaneo%

staneo%who!e!ine*+,16.006>ohm

who!e!ine*+,16.006>ohm

9n2'taneo%ho!e!ength*L+,7/10 9n2'taneo%ho!e!ength*L+,7/10 KK_{!n*RMD;RM}_{!n*RMD;RM} ii+/L+/L ,0.16H ,0.16H Ca&aitaneo%who!e!ength*C+, Ca&aitaneo%who!e!ength*C+, 3 3 * * * * llnn 2 2 e e L L GMRc GMRc GMD GMD













Π

εε , , 2 2

∗

ππ

∗

εε ln ln

((

6.286.28

//

0.0117250.011725

))

/100000/100000 ,8.8=/eK ,8.8=/eK ,0.88'% ,0.88'% Now9m&e2aneo%theLine*<+,7%L Now9m&e2aneo%theLine*<+,7%L ,16.006> ,16.006> =0.8==0.8= ,=7.8>SK7.66 ,=7.8>SK7.66 5

5''ssee&&ttaanneoeo%t%thheLeLiinne*e*YY++ , ,6611==..11--//CC ,6.1=/e= ,6.1=/e= ,6.1=/e=S40 ,6.1=/e=S40 ,<;L, ,<;L,=7.8>SK7.66;100=7.8>SK7.66;100000,=.78/e=SK7.66000,=.78/e=SK7.66 $,Y;L,6.1=/e4S40 $,Y;L,6.1=/e4S40 U,G$ U,G$

A,B,C,Dparameterscalculation

(9)

A,D,*1Y<;7+,1.00-=

Q,<*1Y<;=+,=7.8>SK7.66

C,Y*1Y<;=+,6.1=/e=S40

Now5en2ingen2

Now5en2ingen2)

)o!tage*)

o!tage*)

ss

+,A/)

rr

Q/9

rr

,1.00-=/167=7.8>SK7.66/0.6-K

,1=8.01SK7.66

,1=8.-K

,1=8.-Kk"

k"

)o!tageeg'!ation*)+,

*V)sV;AV)rV+;V)r*V)sV;AV)rV+;V)r ,

,11.4=11.4=FF )

)o!tagereg'!ationS17Fsoo!tagereg'!ationS17Fsothison2'torthison2'tor /E-)/E-) an#e'se2.an#e'se2.

7.Tensioncalculationfordifferentconductorwithdifferentspanin

differentcondition

5ourdifferent

5ourdifferentconductors7elo8conductors7elo8conductor7earconductor7earininASCRASCRconductorta7leconductorta7leischosen.ischosen.4ence4ence tensioncalculation8ill7edoneforconductor6ear,"oat,:eerandShee);8iths)anlength tensioncalculation8ill7edoneforconductor6ear,"oat,:eerandShee);8iths)anlength +0m,+m,200m,2+mand20m.<ensionfor<oughest,Stringingandasiestconditionare +0m,+m,200m,2+mand20m.<ensionfor<oughest,Stringingandasiestconditionare calculatedandta7ulated7elo8.Sam)leisalsosho8n.. calculatedandta7ulated7elo8.Sam)leisalsosho8n.. Sam)le

Sam)lecalculationcalculation forforconductorconductor6ear>6ear> Areaofconductor=2+/.mm? Areaofconductor=2+/.mm? @ineare)ansioncoefficient&al)ha(=.2-eB/)erdegreec @ineare)ansioncoefficient&al)ha(=.2-eB/)erdegreec #odulusofelasticity&(=0.-e/'g1cm? #odulusofelasticity&(=0.-e/'g1cm? <ensionatthetoughestcondition&<(=&ultimatetensilestrength(1&factorofsafety(=/'g <ensionatthetoughestcondition&<(=&ultimatetensilestrength(1&factorofsafety(=/'g Weightofconductor&Wc(=+9'g1'm Weightofconductor&Wc(=+9'g1'm Windressure=00'g1m? Windressure=00'g1m? Weightduetothe8indforce&W8(=s)anlength-&+12(-diameterofconductor-air)ressure Weightduetothe8indforce&W8(=s)anlength-&+12(-diameterofconductor-air)ressure =00-000-+2.D =00-000-+2.D7>e6/7;67>e6/7;6 ,1->6.66 ,1->6.66kgkg Weightofice&8

Weightofice&8iceice(=0(=0

Weightfortoughestcondition&8(= Weightfortoughestcondition&8(= 2 2

√

((

wcwc₊₊wicewice

))

₂₂₊₊ww_{ww 2}₂ = =9+.D9+.D'g1'm'g1'm Weightforthestringingandeasiestcondition&8 Weightforthestringingandeasiestcondition&8 ++(=+9'g.(=+9'g.

(10)

<hen,thetensionatstringing&<

<hen,thetensionatstringing&<++(andtheeasiestcondition&<(andtheeasiestcondition&<22(is(iscalculatedusingthefollo8ingcalculatedusingthefollo8ing

eEuation'no8nas

eEuation'no8nas STRINGINGEQUATIONSTRINGINGEQUATION.. T T222 2 [T[T22+k+k11]-k]-k2 2 = 0 =0 ……….... ( (11) ) Where, Where,

((

))

















+

−

+

−

=

AEAE T T L L W W AE AE T T K K 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 24 24 1 1 2 2 1 1 ααθθ θθ and, and, K K22== AE AE L L W W 24 24 2 2 2 2 2 2 .. 5romthea7ovedata,thevaluesofFandF+forthes)anof+0maregiven7yG 5romthea7ovedata,thevaluesofFandF+forthes)anof+0maregiven7yG F=B29+2.9'g F=B29+2.9'g F+=0.992-e0'g F+=0.992-e0'g HsingthestringingeEuationthevalueof<+isfoundto7e, HsingthestringingeEuationthevalueof<+isfoundto7e, <+=D220.0,B+22.0+IJD <+=D220.0,B+22.0+IJD 4ence<+=D220.0'g 4ence<+=D220.0'g Similarly,<2iscalculated7ythesimilar)rocedureasa7ove.5orthecalculationof<2thevalue Similarly,<2iscalculated7ythesimilar)rocedureasa7ove.5orthecalculationof<2thevalue ofFand

ofFandF+F+ fro+0ms)anisgiven7y>fro+0ms)anisgiven7y> F=B.0+ F=B.0+ F+=0.992-e0 F+=0.992-e0 HsingstringingeEuation8eget, HsingstringingeEuation8eget, <2=+99.2,B.//IJ2.9 <2=+99.2,B.//IJ2.9 4ence,<2=+99.2Fg 4ence,<2=+99.2Fg !n the si

!n the similar mamilar mannenner, thr, the valuee values of tenss of tensions foions for differ different corent conducnductortor andand s)an les)an length isngth is ta7ulated7elo8G ta7ulated7elo8G <a7leDGConductor8eightandtension <a7leDGConductor8eightandtension 5N 5N Con2'to Con2'to rr  Diameter* Diameter* m m++ ww iiee 11 77 T1T1 1 1 QQeeaarr 11771144 00..007766==- -1->6.666 1->6.666 6 66666 00 1487.= 1487.= 1 1>> 11771144 -->>--- -7 7 RRooaatt 11==4477 00..0077--44KK 1K61.666 1K61.666 6 66666 00 778-.-1 1-- 11==4477 >>884400 6 6 55hheeee&& 11KK77>> 0..00 077KK4466 1188>>77 00 7-68.4 7-68.4 7 711 11KK77>> 44==--- -= = I I''nn22aahh 11778877 0..00 077>>8877 11KK8888 00 7700.1 7700.1 0 0>> 11778877 ==--0011 -- DDeeeerr 1144KKKK 00..0077448844 1447.>>> 1447.>>> > >>>KK 00 787800KK 1144KKKK 441111- -<a7leGCalculationoftensionateasiestandtoughestcondition <a7leGCalculationoftensionateasiestandtoughestcondition

(11)

5 5 N N Con2't Con2't or or 5&an 5&an Lengt Lengt h h I1%or I1%or T7T7 I7 %or T7I7 %or T7 T7T7 I1%or I1%or T6T6 I7 %or T6I7 %or T6 T6T6 1 1 QQeeaarr 77--00  6476.> 6476.> 6 6 4461144K 4461144K K1 K1 ==74.K ==74.K = =  18K>.06 18K>.06 4461144K 4461144K K1 K1 7488.7 7488.7 1 1 7K- 6K-1.1 6K-1.1 > > 1701>K-1 1701>K-1 K76 K76 =6K8.0 =6K8.0 8 8  1K06.--1701>K-1 1701>K-1 K76 K76 6070.-4 4 600 600  6->7.7 6->7.7 -1=60047K 1=60047K >K0 >K0 =67>.6 =67>.6 1 1  1-1=.>-1=60047K 1=60047K >K0 >K0 60-0.4 60-0.4 4 4 67- 66->.4 66->.4 7 7 1>K86K7K 1>K86K7K > >1166 ==77KK--..77  1604.67 1604.67 1>K86K7K 1>K86K7K >16 >16 60K4.6 60K4.6 1 1 6-0 6-0  616-.1 616-.1 K K 14=>-1-1 14=>-1-1 ----11 ==7777--..==  108K.-> 108K.-> 14=>-1-1 14=>-1-1 --1 --1 610-.> 610-.> 7 7 7 7 RRooaatt 77--00  =8K7.0 =8K7.0 K K 187=408K 187=408K 1 1>>KK --==KK44..88  76>0.== 76>0.== 187=408K 187=408K 1 1>>KK 66>>44>>..77 7K- =>87.K =>87.K 7 7 7708164-=K7 =K7 -=61.7 -=61.7 K K  71K1.04 71K1.04 7708164-=K7 =K7 6K=-.7 6K=-.7 K K 600 600  ==K-.6 ==K-.6 = = 7>7K8>8--70 -70 -687.= -687.= 7 7  14>6.K1 14>6.K1 7>7K8>8--70 -70 6K41.> 6K41.> 1 1 67- =7=4.4 =7=4.4 6 6 608=04-K 608=04-K 617 617 -666.4 -666.4 6 6 11KK6688..66 608=04-K 608=04-K 617 617 686-.1 686-.1 -6-0 6-0  =00>.= =00>.= 4 4 6-K>8710 6-K>8710 8=K 8=K -78>.6 -78>.6 4 4  1=4=.8> 1=4=.8> 6-K>8710 6-K>8710 8=K 8=K 68K-.4 68K-.4 7 7 6 6 55hheeee&& 77--00  K=K-.8 K=K-.8 K K 7861>0K0 7861>0K0 867 867 K47>.-= =  =->6.K8 =->6.K8 7861>0K0 7861>0K0 867 867 -=44.8 -=44.8 8 8 7K- K667.0 K667.0 = = 6=7>7==-K0K K0K K886.6 K886.6 - ==14.4> ==14.4> 6=7>7==-K0K K0K --6K.6 --6K.6 > > 600 600  K1K=.-7 7 =0KK-1=1 =0KK-1=1 4 44488 KK886688..77  =7>7.== =7>7.== =0KK-1=1 =0KK-1=1 448 448 --K=.-> > 67- K006.6 K006.6 =K8-=1-4 =K8-=1-4 K0> K0> KK41.-> >  =041.77 =041.77 =K8-=1-4 =K8-=1-4 K0> K0> ->11.1 ->11.1 6 6 6-0 6-0  >818.6 >818.6 8 8 --=44=48 --=44=48 861 861 KK=6.8 KK=6.8 K K 664400>>..66 --=44=48 --=44=48 861 861 ->=>.8 ->=>.8 7 7

(12)

= = I'n2ha I'n2ha h h 77--00  61-=.> 61-=.> -11K=-768 11K=-768 87> 87> 6414.7 6414.7 8 8  -04.-08 -04.-08 11K=-768 11K=-768 87> 87> 7=->.7 7=->.7 K K 7K- 6118.8 6118.8 1=711K68 1=711K68 4K4 4K4 =00=.8 =00=.8 K K  =K6.>-= =K6.>-= 1=711K68 1=711K68 4 4KK44 7-7-4477..11 600 600  60K4.-6 6 1>4161=6 1>4161=6 404 404 =040.6 =040.6 4 4  =6=.68> =6=.68> 1>4161=6 1>4161=6 404 404 7K14.4 7K14.4 4 4 67- 606>.8 606>.8 -148=4=-6 148=4=-6 > >11-- ==11KK--..==  641.K06 641.K06 148=4=-6 148=4=-6 >1-781=.7 781=.7 > > 6-0 6-0  7440.K 7440.K -76070>>8 76070>>8 048 048 =7-4.-= =  6=-.>0> 6=-.>0> 76070>>8 76070>>8 048 048 74>0.0 74>0.0 = = -- DDeeeerr 77--00  >>0>.K >>0>.K -=7=646-K =7=646-K -14 -14 K68=.4 K68=.4 7 7  6780.04 6780.04 =7=646-K =7=646-K -14 -14 =48>.K =48>.K 1 1 7K- >640.--16-1>77 -16-1>77 -48 -48 K6=7.8 K6=7.8 4 4  60>6.8--16-1>77 -16-1>77 --4488 -0-0>>--..66 600 600  >1-6.> >1-6.> > > >1117>K= >1117>K= 87K 87K K600.6 K600.6 = =  787K.01 787K.01 >1117>K= >1117>K= 87K 87K -1=0.0 -1=0.0 4 4 67- -84>.7 -84>.7 6 6 K1K77-1= K1K77-1= 70K 70K K7-K.8 K7-K.8 1 1  7->4.-K 7->4.-K K1K77-1= K1K77-1= 70K 70K -710.4 -710.4 7 7 6-0 6-0  ->18.7 ->18.7 861811=0 861811=0 K6K K6K K71-.K K71-.K K K  7741.-= 7741.-= 861811=0 861811=0 K6K K6K -7KK.K -7KK.K 8 8

0.Ea#ti#eselection

5romtheearth8ireta7le, 5romtheearth8ireta7le, H<S=0'g H<S=0'g Kveralldiameter=9.Dmm Kveralldiameter=9.Dmm Stranding1Wire=12.mm Stranding1Wire=12.mm Air)ressu Air)ressure=00'gre=00'g1m?1m? <ension=+'g <ension=+'g

,.eigtoftoe#calculation

We'no8themaimumsagisgiven7y, We'no8themaimumsagisgiven7y, #aimumsag&:

(13)

Where,

Where, W=W=8eight8eightofofconductorconductor @=

@=lengthlengths)ans)an

<2=<ensionateasiestcondition <2=<ensionateasiestcondition Sam)lecalculationforconductor6ear> Sam)lecalculationforconductor6ear> W=+9'g W=+9'g @=0.+'m @=0.+'m <2=+9.+'g <2=+9.+'g <hen,:ma=2.m <hen,:ma=2.m #inimumgroundclearance&hg(=.2+m #inimumgroundclearance&hg(=.2+m 4eightoflo8erconductor&4(=hgL:ma=0.0m 4eightoflo8erconductor&4(=hgL:ma=0.0m 4eightofmiddleconductor&4+(=4Ly1+=+.29m 4eightofmiddleconductor&4+(=4Ly1+=+.29m 4eightofto)mostto)mostconductor&42(=4LM=D.+m 4eightofto)mostto)mostconductor&42(=4LM=D.+m <otalheightofto8er&4t(=42Ld=+.0m <otalheightofto8er&4t(=42Ld=+.0m < <aa77llee //GG 4eightandtheforceoftheto8er 4eightandtheforceoftheto8er 5N 5N Con2't Con2't o

orr 55&&aann

Dma* Dma* m m++ HH11**mm++ HH77**mm++ HH66**mm++ @w*kg @w*kg ++ @ew*k @ew*k g+ g+ 1 1 QQeeaarr 00..77- -6.18K00 6.18K00 = =11 1100..--00KK 1177..6644KK 11==..7788KK 640.86 640.86 6 666 11--KK..- - 0.7K- 0.7K-6.8->7K 6.8->7K -11.1K> 11.1K> 7K 7K 16.0>> 16.0>> 7K 7K 1=.4-> 1=.4-> 7K 7K =74.41 =74.41 >K >K 1K6.7 1K6.7 -0.6 0.6 =.-8478 =.-8478 -4 -4 11.404 11.404 74 74 16.K44 16.K44 74 74 1-.>84 1-.>84 7 744 ==>>44 118844  0.67- 0.67--.68>06 -.68>06 >4 >4 17.K0> 17.K0> 0= 0= 1=.-4> 1=.-4> 0= 0= 1>.=8> 1>.=8> 0= 0= -08.08 -08.08 66 66 70=.K 70=.K -0 0..66-- >>..77==>>--77 1166..-->>>> 11--..==-->> 11KK..66==>> --==KK..11>> 777700..-

(14)

-8 8 --66 --66 --66 >>KK 7 7 RRooaatt 00..77- -6.1-6-K 6.1-6-K >> >> 10.=K6 10.=K6 -8 -8 17.6>6 17.6>6 -8 -8 1=.7-6 1=.7-6 -8 -8 =67.86 =67.86 6 666 11--KK..- - 0.7K- 0.7K-6.81-87 6.81-87 KK KK 11.16-86 86 16.07-86 86 1=.41-86 86 =K>.11 =K>.11 >K >K 1K6.7 1K6.7 -0.6 0.6 =.-=11-0= 0= 11.8>1 11.8>1 1-16.K-1 16.K-1 1-1-.>=1 1-.>=1 1 1-- --1144..== 118844  0.67- 0.67--.674-= -.674-= =-17.>=4 17.>=4 -= -= 1=.-64 1=.-64 -= -= 1>.=74 1>.=74 -= -= ->7.>8 ->7.>8 66 66 70=.K 70=.K - 0.6- 0.6->.18101 >.18101 07 07 16.-01 16.-01 01 01 1-.641 1-.641 01 01 1K.781 1K.781 01 01 >0-.4> >0-.4> > >KK 777700..- -6 6 55hheeee&& 00..77- - 7.=-1K-8 8 4.KK1K 4.KK1K -8 -8 11.>>1 11.>>1 K> K> 16.--1 16.--1 K K>> ==>>--..-- 11--KK..- - 0.7K- 0.7K-7.4>>>7 7.4>>>7 K7 K7 10.78> 10.78> >6 >6 17.1K> 17.1K> >6 >6 1=.0>> 1=.0>> > >66 --1177..00- -1K6.7 1K6.7 -0.6 0.6 6.-60-6 6.-60-6 1> 1> 10.8-0 10.8-0 -6 -6 17.K=0 17.K=0 -6 -6 1=.>60 1=.>60 --66 ----88..>> 118844  0.67- 0.67-=.1=6=K =.1=6=K 11 11 11.=>6 11.=>6 =K =K 16.6-6 16.6-6 =K =K 1-.7=6 1-.7=6 = =KK >>00--..11- -70=.K 70=.K - 0.6- 0.6-=.80-== =.80-== -8 -8 17.17- =- 1=.01- =- 1-.40-= =-- >>--11..KK 777700..- -= = I I''nn22aahh 00..77- -=.0KK-K =.0KK-K =4 =4 11.64K 11.64K -K -K 16.78K 16.78K -K -K 16.78K 16.78K --KK ====KK 11--KK..- - 0.7K- 0.7K-=.4668> =.4668> -K -K 17.7-6 17.7-6 8K 8K 1=.1=6 1=.1=6 8K 8K 1=.1=6 1=.1=6 8 8KK ==4411..KK 1K6.7 1K6.7 -0.6 0.6 -.8K1K0 -.8K1K0 K4 K4 16.141 16.141 K1 K1 1-.081 1-.081 K1 K1 1-.081 1-.081 K K11 --66>>..== 118844  0.67- 0.67->.84110 >.84110 1K 1K 1=.711 1=.711 1 1 1>.101 1>.101 1 1 1>.101 1>.101 1 1 --8811..11 70=.K 70=.K - 0.6- 0.6-K.4470= K.4470= >4 >4 1-.617 1-.617 0-1K.707 1K.707 0-1K.707 1K.707 0 0-- >>77--..88 777700..- -- DDeeeerr 00..77- -6.04K74 6.04K74 -1 -1 10.=1K 10.=1K 6 6 17.60K 17.60K 6 6 17.60K 17.60K 6 6 =48.1> =48.1> > >KK 11--KK..- - 0.7K- 0.7K-6.K=KK7 6.K=KK7 K1 K1 11.0>K 11.0>K K6 K6 17.4-K 17.4-K K6 K6 17.4-K 17.4-K K6 K6 -=K.48 -=K.48 66 66 1K6.7 1K6.7 -0.6 0.6 =.=>010 =.=>010 -11.K80 11.K80 1 1 16.>K0 16.>K0 1 1 16.>K0 16.>K0 1 1 --44KK..88 118844  0.67- 0.67--.76==7 -.76==7 8K 8K 17.--= 17.--= =6 =6 1=.=== 1=.=== =6 =6 1=.=== 1=.=== =6 =6 >=K.>1 >=K.>1 >K >K 70=.K 70=.K - 0.6- 0.6->.0K0>4 >.0K0>4 8= 8= 16.640 16.640 K K 1-.780 1-.780 K K 1-.780 1-.780 K K >4K.=6 >4K.=6 6 666 777700..-

-1./en+ingmomentcalculation

1./en+ingmomentcalculation

(15)

:ueto)o8erconductor> :ueto)o8erconductor> .6endingmomentactingonto8erdueto)o8erconductorconsidering8indforce .6endingmomentactingonto8erdueto)o8erconductorconsidering8indforce 6#)8 6#)8 ==58c-&4L4+L42(58c-&4L4+L42( +.6endingmomentduetoturningofthe)o8erconductor +.6endingmomentduetoturningofthe)o8erconductor 6m)t=+<

6m)t=+<sin&N1+(-&4L4+L4sin&N1+(-&4L4+L42(2( OneedtocalculateNOneedtocalculateNfor+,,for+,,20degreeP20degreeP

:uetoearth8ire> :uetoearth8ire> .6endingmomentactingonto8erduetoearth8ire .6endingmomentactingonto8erduetoearth8ire 6m8e=5e8-4t 6m8e=5e8-4t +.6endingmomentduetoturningoftheearth8ire +.6endingmomentduetoturningoftheearth8ire 6met=+<

6met=+<sin&N1+(-4tOneedtocalculateNfor+,,20degreePsin&N1+(-4tOneedtocalculateNfor+,,20degreeP

<a7leG6endingmomentcalculation <a7leG6endingmomentcalculation Con2't Con2't or or 5&a 5&a n n QQmm&&ww Qm&tA* Qm&tA* 7+ 7+ Qm&tQ* Qm&tQ* 1-+ 1-+ Qm&tC* Qm&tC* 6 600++ QQmmeeww QmetA* QmetA* 7+ 7+ QmetQ*1-++ QmetC*6 QmetC*6 0 0++ QQMMAA QQMMQQ QQMM Q Qeeaarr 77--00 1=-6-. 1=-6-. =4 =4 K6=0.8= K6=0.8= 1 1 --==440066..77 1088>K. 1088>K. 1 1 667=.6 667=.6 -6 -6 7106.6 7106.6 67 67 1-K61.17 1-K61.17 618 618 61140.86 61140.86 61 61 7K60=. 7K60=. 01 01 88=4=. 88=4=. 1> 1> 1-K 1-K 7K-1>8-7. 1>8-7. 76 76 KK6K.1= KK6K.1= K K -K8>K.7 -K8>K.7 6 6 11=K==. 11=K==. -6KK7.K 6KK7.K = = 71K0.0 71K0.0 7> 7> 1>774.46 1>774.46 60K 60K 671K4.8= 671K4.8= >8 >8 60-67. 60-67. 1= 1= 4=K77. 4=K77. 16 16 1>K 1>K 600 600 14=1-. 14=1-. > > 81K1.14 81K1.14 K K >1116. -171181. 171181. > > =7-=.7 =7-=.7 --77=6.0 77=6.0 K1 K1 1>KK>.7= 1>KK>.7= 8>> 8>> 667>6.0-77 77 6=08=. 6=08=. 17 17 101--4.> 4.> 1K8 1K8 67-777=8. 777=8. 0 011 88>>==77..4444 >=>=7.1 >=>=7.1 > > 1781K8. 1781K8. = = =KK1.4 =KK1.4 11 11 7677.= 7677.= >8 >8 1K6K0.0> 1K6K0.0> 44-6===0.== 6===0.== 4= 4= 6K48-. 6K48-. 68 68 10406 10406 7.1 7.1 184 184 6-0 6-0 7-6K1. 7-6K1. 84 84 41-7.-7 41-7.-7 K K >8=-6.0 >8=-6.0 -- 1166--KK66- --678.K -678.K 14 14 7=08.7 7=08.7 1K 1K 18011.64 18011.64 >4-6-K17.06 6-K17.06 8-=77>1. =77>1. 6-11K1> 11K1> -.1 -.1 707 707 R Rooaatt 77--00 1>0-=. 1>0-=. 1 1 8414.84 8414.84 > > >>K16.1 >>K16.1 8 8 1677K-. 1677K-. 6 6 6614.0 6614.0 88 88 7100.0 7100.0 01 01 1-K0>.70 1-K0>.70 4-4 4-4 611=1.=6 611=1.=6 -K -K 60646. 60646. 04 04 101K4 101K4 7 7..>> 118877 7K-18>0-. 18>0-. == == 464K.>8 464K.>8 8 8 K078>.> K078>.> -1646>0. 1646>0. > > 6K>-.K 6K>-.K 67 67 71>-.4 71>-.4 4-1>144.K8 1>144.K8 K>7 K>7 67170.0K 67170.0K > > 6646=. 6646=. 8> 8> 1088-K.> K.> 146 146 600 600 71=7K. 71=7K. 0= 0= 4470.48 4470.48 6 6 K=700.= K=700.= -1=K170. 1=K170. K K =7=-.1 =7=-.1 -K -K 7768.7 7768.7 K= K= 1>K=0.6K 1>K=0.6K 6 60044 6666114411..4477 6K861. 6K861. => => 11>>1 11>>1 6 6 70- 67-7=-=6. 7=-=6. =8 =8 10=84.K 10=84.K 8 8 K8=-=.-8 8 1---. 1---. > > =K>0.6 =K>0.6 == == 761>.8 761>.8 64 64 1K67K.4> 1K67K.4> -48 -48 6=6->.4> 6=6->.4> K4 K4 =7110. =7110. == == 17-08 17-08 >.= >.= 714 714 6-0 6-0 7K4K4. 7K4K4. 67 67 1110=.0 1110=.0 4 4 860=4.0 860=4.0 = = 1>=>>-. 1>=>>-. 7 7 -61=.7 -61=.7 K6 K6 7=01.> 7=01.> 88 88 1K4>7.-> 1K4>7.-> >61 >61 6->1-.71 6->1-.71 4K 4K =>K44. =>K44. 6> 6> 16=60 16=60 --..77 776666 5 5hheeee&& 77--00 1>78-. 1>78-. >-11-=-.K 11-=-.K -8>6-7.7 8>6-7.7 4 4 1K171=. 1K171=. K K 6708.--7 -7 7060.0 7060.0 >= >= 1-186.1= 1-186.1= 1K-6010=.67 6010=.67 =K =K 660K0. 660K0. 01 01 17107 17107 4.> 4.> 770 770 7K-18K0-. 18K0-. 16 16 170--.= 170--.= 4 4 401>=.K 401>=.K > > 1K8KK6. 1K8KK6. 4 4 6>18.> 6>18.> 08 08 7081.6 7081.6 K7 K7 1-->>.8K 1-->>.8K --= --= 608>-.1K 608>-.1K 1> 1> 6>=>0. 6>=>0. > > 1780--.= -.= 761 761 600 600 716-0. 716-0. -8 -8 17>16.K 17>16.K 4 4 4=6=0.6 4=6=0.6 7 7 1188KK00--66 =0-=.1 =0-=.1 - 716K.- >- 1-48K.1--= -= 61>48.=8 61>48.=8 01 01 =01->. =01->. 04 04 16-K6 16-K6 7.7 7.7 7== 7== 67-7=7=7. 7=7=7. -> -> 16770.> 16770.> 6 6 488K8.4 488K8.4 8 8 1144>>00--77 =-1K.= =-1K.= 4> 4> 7148.> 7148.> =-1>==6.48 1>==6.48 16= 16= 67>0=.7-06 06 ==1K4. ==1K4. 66 66 1==08 1==08 6 6 7-K 7-K 6-0 6-0 7K=01. 7K=01. > > 168K>.0 168K>.0 7 7 106K80. 106K80. K K 70-KK0. 70-KK0. 4 4 -010.4 -010.4 >1 >1 77>=.> 77>=.> 17 17 1>46K.6- 66-66-87.=8 66-87.=8 7 7 =8--6. =8--6. 14 14 1-616 1-616 0.> 0.> 7K1 7K1 I I''nn22aahh 77--00 1>4K6. 1>4K6. 81 81 -4>-.>7 -4>-.>7 -==>1-.K ==>1-.K 1 1 88=>-.K 88=>-.K 6 6 61>>.4 61>>.4 =6 =6 7006.K 7006.K 68 68 1=48>.7= 1=48>.7= -18 -18 74K16.47 74K16.47 8K 8K 78110. 78110. 11 11 K4K=7. K4K=7. K1 K1 168 168 7K-1446=. 1446=. 6 6 >6>4.70 >6>4.70 6 6 =K>66.4 =K>66.4 4 4 4==-0.= 4==-0.= K K 6>61.4 6>61.4 4 4 7084.0 7084.0 >4 >4 1->7=.== 1->7=.== 1>6 1>6 604K4.61 604K4.61 0> 0> 6707=. 6707=. -> -> 8>87=. 8>87=. K7 K7 1=8 1=8 600 600 767--. 767--. >4 >4 >811.71 >811.71 > > -0464.K -0464.K 1 1 10100-. 10100-. 7 7 =164.= =164.= 76 76 7187.- 7-1>676.=1 1>676.=1 8>4 8>4 676>-.70 676>-.70 -1 -1 6>688. 6>688. 8-4=>-8. 4=>-8. 7= 7= 1>0 1>0

(16)

67-7>4K0. 7>4K0. KK KK K741.>> K741.>> -- --==--6677..44 108174. 108174. 4 4 =>46.0 =>46.0 4> 4> 778=.1 778=.1 04 04 1K086.1K 1K086.1K >6K >6K 668K1.>1 668K1.>1 71 71 =1764. =1764. >= >= 1067K 1067K 4.4 4.4 1K6 1K6 6-0 6-0 61117. 61117. 6 6>> KK881100..--- - -8=16.-6 6 11-87=. 11-87=. > > -74>.8 -74>.8 >1 >1 7646.8 7646.8 14 14 1K406.K1 1K406.K1 =>> =>> 6-=48.-6 6-=48.-6 1K 1K =>>16. =>>16. -4 -4 117K7 117K7 >.-18K 18K D Deeeerr 77--00 18646. 18646. 7 7-- 1111KK==>>..KK 8K8-1.1 8K8-1.1 8 8 1K=14=. 1K=14=. > > 61>>.4 61>>.4 =6 =6 704=.6 704=.6 46 46 1->>=.7> 1->>=.7> 7KK 7KK 610-8.7> 610-8.7> -8 -8 6-=01. 6-=01. 78 78 17-0K 17-0K -.> -.> 77> 77> 7K-71601. 71601. 8 8>> 117766>>KK..- -47=4=.0 47=4=.0 -186=00. 186=00. K K 6>61.4 6>61.4 4 4 71-4.7 71-4.7 04 04 1>1=4.06 1>1=4.06 14K 14K 67014.== 67014.== 0= 0= 64=>0. 64=>0. -> -> 166-K 166-K > >..44 77==00 600 600 7=-1-. 7=-1-. 4K 4K 160=K.= 160=K.= 6 6 4K-K4.1 4K-K4.1 1 1 146=86. 146=86. -=164.= =164.= 76 76 7760.1 7760.1 48 48 1>>K4.4> 1>>K4.4> 4>> 4>> 660K7.1--6 -6 =6466. =6466. 07 07 1=741 1=741 =.- 7-- 67-780>6. 780>6. 6> 6> 16K8>.= 16K8>.= 8 8 10610>. 10610>. 6 6 70===6. 70===6. 7 7 =>46.0 =>46.0 4> 4> 760K.6 760K.6 > > 1K7-K.0K 1K7-K.0K -8-6=71>.=1 6=71>.=1 08 08 =88-0. =88-0. 6 6 1-611 1-611 4 4..44 77KK11 6-0 6-0 614K1. 614K1. 81 81 1=-8=.> 1=-8=.> > > 1040K-. 1040K-. K K 71>7K4. 71>7K4. --74>.8 -74>.8 >1 >1 7640.> 7640.> 4- 1K880.6-0-= 0-= 6-=-7.70 6-=-7.70 >> >> -=7==. -=7==. 07 07 1>=77 1>=77 =.8 =.8 784 784

11.Equivalentweightcalculation

Weightofto8er&Wt(=

Weightofto8er&Wt(= 0.00160.0016∗∗HtHt∗∗

√

BMBM∗∗FF.. SS .. _8here,_{8here,4t}_4tis_isin_in5t_5tand_and6#_6#is_isin_in'l7Bft._'l7Bft.

=0.000/2-4t-=0.000/2-4t-

√

BmBm∗∗22 _4t_4tis_isin_inm_mand_and6m_6mis_isin_in'gBm._'gBm.

=+.tonnes =+.tonnes <a7leG<heta7lefor8eightofto8er <a7leG<heta7lefor8eightofto8er

..

Con2't Con2't ro ro 5&a 5&a n n ttAA ttQQ ttCC A"g A"g 

tt;;tt&&wweerr oosstt;;ttoowweerr

ost;tower;s ost;tower;s &anL &anL Q Qeeaarr 77--00 6.1176 6.1176 7 7 -.>060 -.>060 44 44 K.=8=4 K.=8=4 08 08 K.0K7KK= K.0K7KK= K=8 K=8 ->-871.4K ->-871.4K 4 488 7777>>66..7788KK441144 7K- 6.64--77 77 -.480K -.480K 76 76 K.4-=7 K.4-=7 -K.-40>-1 K.-40>-1 66= 66= >0K7-7.10 >0K7-7.10 > >88 77770088..118844==KK44 600 600 6.K086 6.K086 >7 >7 >.=017 >.=017 K8 K8 8.=KK7 8.=KK7 >= >= 8.1>--16 8.1>--16 07K 07K >-67=1.0= >-67=1.0= 7 777 7711KKKK..==KK0011==11 67-=.0-6= =.0-6= 1= 1= >.8>K6 >.8>K6 >= >= 4.0->8 4.0->8 6= 6= 8.8017-6 8.8017-6 0=> 0=> K0=100.7= K0=100.7= 6 6KK 7711>>>>..==>>77778888 6-0 6-0 =.=666 =.=666 66 66 K.681K K.681K 77 77 4.>4>0 4.>4>0 04 04 4.-01478 4.-01478 87= 87= K>01-=.60 K>01-=.60 > > 7711KK11..88>>44====>> R Rooaatt 77--00 6.7K8= 6.7K8= >1 >1 -.4448 -.4448 -= -= 8.0=00 8.0=00 -1 -1 K.-=7KK7 K.-=7KK7 7-> 7-> >06=71.K8 >06=71.K8 0 0== 77==1166..>>88KK117777 7K-6.-K60 6.-K60 8K 8K >.644--K -K 8.-644 8.-644 -= -= 8.0886K4 8.0886K4 488 488 >=K0K0.64 >=K0K0.64 4 411 7766--77..44886677>>44 600 600 6.848-=8 =8 >.8==> >.8==> 78 78 4.04>4 4.04>4 11 11 8.>46488 8.>46488 608 608 >4--14.0> >4--14.0> = =>> 77661188..6644>>888877 67-=.7-K= =.7-K= 41 41 K.66KK K.66KK >-4.K164 4.K164 6K 6K 4.6>6>7-87K 87K K=4040.0> K=4040.0> > >77 776600==..884477--1111 6-0 6-0 =.>-7> =.>-7> =1 =1 K.8818 K.8818 11 11 10.64= 10.64= 77 77 10.101=4 10.101=4 ==6 ==6 808114.--= =>> 77660088..441166001166 5 5hheeee&& 77--00 6.60-4 6.60-4 07 07 >.67=6 >.67=6 41 41 8.-=7-08 08 K.8>=>6= K.8>=>6= K0= K0= >741K0.KK >741K0.KK > >66 77--11>>..>>88661100- -7 7KK-- 66..----8844 >>..>>>>44KK 88..44KK>>88 88..6666>>00==KK >>>>>>888866..8811 77==77--..00667700==88

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K K77 8811 00>> >>>>== 6677 600 600 6.86-8 6.86-8 14 14 K.0-71 K.0-71 88 88 4.=-86 4.=-86 K K 8.8-->>8 8.8-->>8 18- K08=-6.=-= =88 7766>>11..--1111--11>> 67-=.1686 =.1686 -- K.=K6-1 1 4.4846 4.4846 7> 7> 4.=7>6K6 4.=7>6K6 K71 K71 K-=104.84 K-=104.84 K KKK 77667700..66668811==KK 6-0 6-0 =.=>8-= = K.46-K K.46-K =K =K 10.-K1 10.-K1 46 46 10.0-11-418 418 80=047.K6 80=047.K6 = === 777744KK..==00KK881166 I I''nn22aahh 77--00 6.7411 6.7411 K1 K1 -.-=67 -.-=67 -7 -7 K.600> K.600> >6 >6 K.11=K-> K.11=K-> 70-->4180.=4 ->4180.=4 > >== 7777KK>>..KK77114488>> 7K-6.>=4> 6.>=4> 06 06 >.0046 >.0046 7-K.8K71 K.8K71 1-K.K-K168 K.K-K168 4== 4== >70-K1.11 >70-K1.11 ---- 7777-->>..>>7777776688 600 600 =.0=44 =.0=44 47 47 >.-670 >.-670 =-8.-17> 8.-17> 87 87 8.=K>1=1 8.=K>1=1 =64 =64 >K8041.61 >K8041.61 --11 7777>>00..6600==6688== 67-=.=4>7 =.=4>7 76 76 K.11-6 K.11-6 8-4.77>K 4.77>K 16 16 4.7KK>=7 4.7KK>=7 K7= K7= K=7711.=1 K=7711.=1 K K44 77778866..KK77KK==== 6-0 6-0 =.4476 =.4476 14 14 K.K>6-7> 7> 10.018 10.018 8 8 10.1>KK8 10.1>KK8 67-816=77.>> 816=77.>> 0 066 776677==..00>>==KK==== D Deeeerr 77--00 6.-788 6.-788 6 6 >.>674 >.>674 >6 >6 8.4671 8.4671 6- 8.78=0K-6-8 6-8 >>7K7>.07 >>7K7>.07 8 8>> 77>>--00..4400==1111- - 7K-6.8=04 6.8=04 -> -> K.0>>8 K.0>>8 1 1 4.=K4= 4.=K4= --8.8K7-16 8.8K7-16 4-7 4-7 K04801.11 K04801.11 > >77 77--8811..0044==44>>88 600 600 =.18>0 =.18>0 7K 7K K.-=44 K.-=44 -4 -4 10.084 10.084 14 14 4.-7-404 4.-7-404 -6-K>70K7.K> K>70K7.K> 7 788 77--==00..77==77--==66  6  677-- ==..-->>>>88 8.08-7 8.08-7 >= >= 10.K>= 10.K>= -> -> 10.7=8-0 10.7=8-0 8=-814880.>K 814880.>K --KK 77--7777..KK0044KKKK11 6-0 6-0 =.48>1 =.48>1 7-8.>K-K 8.>K-K =1 =1 11.-08 11.-08 4K 4K 11.0==K= 11.0==K= >-7 >-7 886-K4.K7 886-K4.K7 1 1== 77--77==..--1166==44 4encethemosteconomicals)anis2+m. 4encethemosteconomicals)anis2+m.

12.!election

12.!electionofmost

ofmosteconomicalc

economicalcon+ucto#

on+ucto#..

<a7le9GCalculationofnum7erofto8ersandtotalcost. <a7le9GCalculationofnum7erofto8ersandtotalcost. 5N 5N Con2't Con2't o

orr EEo o 55&&aann

ost;tower;s& ost;tower;s& an an N'm#ero% N'm#ero% T Towerower T Tota!ota! Cost*5+ Cost*5+ 1 / 1 /eeaa## 332255 2121..44 3300 21024 21024   7 7 RRooaatt 6677-- 776600==..8844 660088 776600KK1144==8844 6 6 55hheeee&& 6767-- 77667700..6666 660088 77667777>>--006666 = = I I''nn22aahh 6677-- 77778866..KK77 660088 777788>>000066KK77 -- DDeeeerr 6677-- 77--7777..KK 660088 77--77--777777KK00 Qo8, Qo8, 5orconductorcostcalculation 5orconductorcostcalculation @et,costofsteel=Rs0)er'g @et,costofsteel=Rs0)er'g Cost

CostofofAlAl==200200)er)er'g'g :e).5actor=0. :e).5actor=0. @ifetime=+years @ifetime=+years Sam)lecalculation, Sam)lecalculation,

(18)

5or6earG 5or6earG s)anlength=2+m,Al8eight)er'm=2D'g,Steel8eight)er'm=D'g s)anlength=2+m,Al8eight)er'm=2D'g,Steel8eight)er'm=D'g Costof)o8erconductor Costof)o8erconductor <o <otalAl8eight=talAl8eight=00-2D=2D00'g00-2D=2D00'g <otalSteel8eight=00-D=D00'g <otalSteel8eight=00-D=D00'g <otalconductorcost=Rs+D000 <otalconductorcost=Rs+D000 4ence,totalcost=ConductorcostL<o8ercost=RsD9D0+9+ 4ence,totalcost=ConductorcostL<o8ercost=RsD9D0+9+ Annualc

Annualca)italcosta)italcost&A(=&A(=

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11 -- = =RsRs+//9+/.++//9+/.+ ea')o8erloss)er'm=D9.9'81'm ea')o8erloss)er'm=D9.9'81'm Costofenergyloss=l-@@5-time-rate)er'8h Costofenergyloss=l-@@5-time-rate)er'8h = =RsRs,0,+2D.,0,+2D. <otalAnnualCost=Rs&+//9+/.9L0+2D.(=Rs+D9.99 <otalAnnualCost=Rs&+//9+/.9L0+2D.(=Rs+D9.99 <a7leG0Conductorcostcalculation <a7leG0Conductorcostcalculation Con2't Con2't or or T Tota!A!ota!A! weight weight T Tota!5tee!ota!5tee! t t T Tota!ostota!ost o% o% on2'tor on2'tor T

Tota!Tota!Towerower C Coosstt ToTottaa! ! CCoosstt Ann'a! Ann'a! Cost*s+ Cost*s+ Q Qeeaarr KK66==0000 ==88--0000 77--==11--000000 7711>>88>>77>>==>> 7=77KK>= 7=77KK>= > > 7>>417> 7>>417> 1.7 1.7 R Rooaatt 8844>>0000 --44>>0000 661100--77000000 776600KK1144==8844 7>1KK1=8 7>1KK1=8 4 4 788688> 788688> 0.6 0.6 5 5hheeee&& 110066>>0000 >>44000000 66--441100000000 76767777>>--006666 7>81K-06 7>81K-06 6 6 74-==67 74-==67 >.= >.= I I''nn22aahh 111177000000 11>>770000 66==KK66==000000 777788>>000066KK77 7>666=6K 7>666=6K 7 7 740110= 740110= 0.1 0.1 D Deeeerr 111188880000 KK88440000 =1=111>>66000000 7-7-77--777777KK00 746>8-7K 746>8-7K 0 0 676-=K= 676-=K= 0 0

13.!electionofeconomicalcon+ucto#

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Name Name O% O% Con2't Con2't o orr 7700 >>- -T Tota!ota!  **oohhmm++ PP!!**kkww++ Ann'a!E!e Ann'a!E!e Cost Cost Ann'a!Cost Ann'a!Cost @orm on2 @orm on2 an2tower an2tower T Tota!ota! Ann'a! Ann'a! *s+ *s+ Qear Qear 0.11 0.11 07 07 0.16006 0.16006 > > 16.006 16.006 > > =4.40008 =4.40008 8== 8== 118076>. 118076>. 8 84477 77>>>>441177>>11..1144 7K8K1=48. 7K8K1=48. 08 08

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Roat Roat 0.08 0.08 44 44 0.10>0K 0.10>0K 07 07 10.>0K 10.>0K 07 07 =0.K06=6 =0.K06=6 8K= 8K= 4>7K1K.K 4>7K1K.K 6 66611 778888668888>>00..66 74801-K8. 74801-K8. 06 06 5hee& 5hee& 0.0K 0.0K KK KK 0.041>8 0.041>8 > > 44..11>>88>> 6-.186>6 6-.186>6 K>K K>K 8671>6.6 8671>6.6 4 48877 7744--====6677>>..== 606K>=84. 606K>=84. 8 8 I'n2ah I'n2ah 0.0K 0.0K =6 =6 0.08KK7 0.08KK7 17 17 8.KK71 8.KK71 7 7 66.>>718 66.>>718 60K 60K K4>1KK.4 K4>1KK.4 --== 774400111100==00..11 7480K718. 7480K718. 0-Deer Deer 0.0> 0.0> K8 K8 0.08000 0.08000 = = 88..000000== 60.K00K8 60.K00K8 06> 06> K7>16=.8 K7>16=.8 --KK11 667766--==KK==00..0066 660808K=. 660808K=. 84 84 So,

So,8e8ecancaneasilyeasilyseeseefromfroma7ovea7oveta7leta7lethatthat6AR6ARconductoconductorr8ith8ithaas)ans)an2+m2+m 8ill7ethemosteconomicalconductorforthetransmissionlineasthesumofcostofto8er, 8ill7ethemosteconomicalconductorforthetransmissionlineasthesumofcostofto8er, conductorcostandenergylosscostisminimumfor6ARconductor. conductorcostandenergylosscostisminimumfor6ARconductor.

14.Design

14.DesignSpecification:

Specification:

ELECTRICALARA!ETERS ELECTRICALARA!ETERS P PAAR RAAMMEETTEER RSS VVAALLUUEESS P POOWWEERR ((PP)) 8080mm L LEE! !""TT## ((LL)) 110000 $ $mm !UM%ERO&'R'UTS(!c)!UM%ER O& 'R'UTS (!c) 11

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A''SSRR ''oonn**cc++oo, , %%EEAARR SS--nnll// cc$ $++ A

APPAAR RAAMMEETTEER R 11..00005544 %PARAMETER

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6.1=/e=S40

 PPAAR RAAMMEETTEER R 11..00005544 L L! !EE ! !UU''TTAA! !''EE ((LL)) 00..1133 ## L L! !EE ''AAPPAA''TTAA! !''EE (('')) 00..8888 ** L

L! !EE MMPPEEAA! !''EE (()) 4422..886622..3333 L!ESUS'EPTA!'E()

L!ESUS'EPTA!'E()

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!EC"A#ICALARA!ETERS !EC"A#ICALARA!ETERS

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(20)

S SPPAA! ! LLEE! !""TT## 332255MM T T11 565655559 9"" T T22 44442277..449 9"" T T33 27278888..22119 9"" # # 3..13188MM # #11 1010..5500MM # #22 1212..3377MM # #33 1414..2288MM T TOOWWEER R WWEE""##TT ..00  TToonn//

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