A Review of Performance Evaluation of AODV Protocol in Manet With and Without Black Hole Attack

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2012)

673

A Review of Performance Evaluation of AODV Protocol in

Manet With and Without Black Hole Attack

Arunima Patel

1

_{, Sharda Patel}

2

_{, Ashok Verma}

3

1 _{M. Tech Student,}2_{Asst Professor,} 3 _{Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering, Gyan Ganga Institute}

of Science & Technology, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract— Mobile Ad-Hoc Network is a collection of

mobile nodes that are dynamically and arbitrarily located in such a manner that the interconnections between nodes are capable of changing on continual basis. Due to security vulnerabilities of the routing protocols, wireless ad-hoc networks are unprotected to attacks of the malicious nodes. One of these attacks is the Black Hole Attack. In this paper, we focus on analyzing the performance of one of the popular routing protocols for MANET AODV with BlackholeAODV. Our aim is to simulate the AODV protocol with and without Black Hole Attack on various performance metric parameters.

Keywords— MANET, AODV, Black Hole Attack, Malicious

Node , NS2.

I. INTRODUCTION

A mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) [12] as its name implies, is a collection of mobile nodes that can communicate with each other without the use of predefined infrastructure or centralized administration. Mobile ad-hoc network have the attributes such as wireless connection, continuously changing topology, distributed operation and ease of deployment.

[image:1.612.340.543.284.402.2]

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) face different levels of challenges due to its varying mobile characteristics. The major goal of these networks is to bring the idea of mobility into real-life networks. These networks are known for their infrastructure less characteristics. The nodes are free to move anywhere and hence the communications links may be broken at any moment.

Figure I Mobile Ad hoc network (MANET)

[image:1.612.75.263.582.688.2]

In MANET routing protocols are used for communicate. They are classified into different categories according to the methods used during the route discovery and route maintenance procedures.

Figure II Manet Routing Protocols

Proactive/Table-driven routing protocol needs to maintain up-to-date routing information from each node to every other node in the network. The familiar proactive

routing protocols are Destination-Sequenced Distance

Vector Routing Protocol (DSDV), Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP), and Global State Routing (GSR) etc.

Reactive routing protocol is also known as On Demand routing protocol. It creates routes only when desired by source. Cluster based Routing Protocols (CBRP), Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSRP), Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA), are On-Demand Routing protocols.

The hybrid routing protocol combines the advantages of proactive routing and reactive routing to overcome the defects of them. The familiar hybrid routing protocols is zone routing protocol (ZRP).

II. AODV

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

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An important feature of AODV is the maintenance of time-based states in each node: a routing entry not recently used is expired. In case of a route is broken the neighbors can be notified. Route discovery is based on query and reply cycles, and route information is stored in all intermediate nodes along the route in the form of route table entries. The following control packets are used: routing request message (RREQ) is broadcasted by a node requiring a route to another node, routing reply message (RREP) is back to the source of RREQ, and route error message (RERR) is sent to notify other nodes of the loss of the link. HELLO messages are used for detecting and monitoring links to neighbors.

Figure III (a) AODV Route Discovery

Figure III (b) Route Error Message in AODV

III. BLACK HOLE ATTACK

In a Black Hole attack, a malicious node sends fake routing information, claiming that it has an optimum route and causes other good nodes to route data packets through the malicious one.

When the malicious node receives an RREQ message, it immediately sends a false RREP message with a high sequence number and minimum hop count without checking its routing table to make an entry in the routing table of the source node, before other nodes replies to absorb transmitted data from source to that destination and drop them instead of forwarding [15].

IV. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

The simulation is done with the help of NS-2 (v-2.34) network simulator. NS-2 provides faithful implementations of the different network protocols. There are number of simulation parameters which can be varied, are shown in below table.

Parameter Value

Simulator NS - 2.34

Simulation time 100 s

Number of nodes 10,20,30

Number of black hole

nodes 1,2,3

Terrain area 500m x 500m

Routing Protocol AODV

Packet size 512

[image:2.612.346.540.213.393.2]

Traffic model CBR

Table I Simulation Parameters

V. RESULT AND ANALYSIS

Various network contexts are considered to measure the performance of a protocol. These contexts were created by varying the following parameters in the simulation.

 Network Size

 Number of Black Hole nodes

 Traffic Load

A.For Single Black Hole Node

Figure IV (a)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000

10 20 30

Send

P

kt

s

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

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Figure IV (b)

Figure IV (c)

Figure IV (d)

All the above four contexts are simulated and tested to see the effect of generated packet, received packet, routing packets, number of packets dropped in AODV and when there is a single Black Hole node.

B. For Two Black Hole Nodes

Figure V (a)

Figure V (b)

Figure V (c)

0 5000 10000 15000

10 20 30

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Number of Nodes

AODV BlackholeAODV

0 2000 4000 6000 8000

10 20 30

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uting

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AODV BlackholeAODV

0 10000 20000 30000

10 20 30

N

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Pkts

d

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0 10000 20000 30000 40000

10 20 30

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0 5000 10000 15000

10 20 30

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

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Figure V (d)

All the above four contexts are simulated and tested to see the effect of generated packet, received packet, routing packets, number of packets dropped in AODV and when there are two Black Hole nodes.

C.For Three Black Hole Nodes

Figure VI (a)

Figure VI (b)

Figure VI (c)

Figure VI (d)

All the above four contexts are simulated and tested to see the effect of generated packet, received packet, routing packets, number of packets dropped in AODV and when there are three Black Hole nodes.

VI. CONCLUSION

Thus we have evaluated the performance of AODV protocol with and without Black Hole attack using different performance metrics and by varying the number of nodes as well as the number of black holes. It was observed in results that AODV always perform better in absence of Black Hole attack.

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AODV BlackholeAODV

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