GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING
AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF
SPILANTHES CALVA
DC
R. Rethinam* and R. Jeyachandran
Department of Botany St. Joseph’s College, (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli 620 002, India.
ABSTRACT
Silver nanoparticles have unique physiochemical, biological and
environmental properties which make them useful in a wide range of
applications. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Spilanthes calva
DC using aqueous leaf extract. 1mM aqueous solution of Silver nitrate
was prepared and used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
Nanoparticles were characterized were using SEM, EDAX, UV and
FT-IR analysis showed the average particle size of 5-50 nm as well as
revealed their structure. Silver nanoparticles find their roles in fabric
are used to kill bacteria, making clothing odor-resistant etc.
KEYWORDS:Spilanthes calva, SEM, EDAX, FTIR and UV.
1. INTRODUCTION
Nanoparticles are clusters of atoms in the size range of 1–100 nm. Nanotechnology is a
rapidly growing science of producing and utilizing nano-sized particles that measure in
nanometers. Jayapriya and Lalitha, (2013). Now-a-days we are using nanoproducts in
various fields of these; silver nanoparticles are playing a major role in the field of
nanotechnology and nanomedicines. Buzea, et al., (2007). There are different types of
nanoparticles like those of metals, fibers, etc., among these silver nanoparticles have found
many applications. Plant extracts are rich sources of secondary metabolites. A study on the
synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Spilanthes calva, has been
initiated, synthesized and characterized.
Volume 5, Issue 11, 822-828. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105
*Corresponding Author
Rethinam R.
Department of Botany St.
Joseph’s College,
(Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli
620 002, India. Article Received on 25 Aug. 2016,
Revised on 16 Sept. 2016, Accepted on 07 Oct. 2016
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Preparation of plant powder: The healthy plant leaves dried at room temperature for
5-8 days or until they broke easily by hand. Once completely dry, plants were ground to a fine
powder using an electronic blender. Plants were stored in room temperature until required.
2.2 Preparation of the aqueous extract
Extract have been prepared by using fresh leaves of Spilanthes calva DC. Weighing 1g.
Washed thoroughly distilled water, powder is transferred into a 250 ml conical flask with 100
ml of distilled water and boiled for 10 minutes. It was then filtered through Whatman No.1
filter paper (pore size 25 μm). The filtrate was further filtered through 0.6 μm sized filters.
Filtered to obtain the plant extract.
2.3 Preparation of 1mM AgNO3 Solution
169.89 mg weighted for Ag NO3 dissolved with 1000 ml of distilled water then stored in
glass container at dark condition.
2.4 Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
1mM aqueous solution of Silver nitrate (Ag NO3) was prepared and used for the synthesis of
silver nanoparticles. 10 ml of Spilanthes calva Leaf extract was added into 90 ml of aqueous
solution of 1mM Silver nitrate for reduction into Ag+ ions and kept at room temperature for 5
hours.
3. CHARACTERIZATION
3.1 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
The Scanning Electron Microscope uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate
a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from
electron-sample interactions reveal information about the electron-sample including external morphology,
chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the
sample.
3.2 Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDAX)
Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis technique used to identify the elemental composition
of materials. EDX analysis of purified Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles was carried out using
3.3 UV-VIS Spectrophotometer
The qualitative UV-VIS spectrum was carried out Instrument Model: Lambda 35, Scan
Speed: 480.00 nm/min used to identification of a compound, quantity present and structure
based on the technique selected and the wavelength of Electromagnetic spectrum.
3.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT – IR)
The FT-IR spectrum was used to identify the functional group of the active components
based on the peak values in the region of infrared radiation. The residues was dried and
mixed with Potassium Bromide (KBr) the pellet was used.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 SEM ANALYSIS
The SEM micrographs of nanoparticles obtained in the filtrate showed that silver
nanoparticles are rod shaped, well distributed without aggregation in solution with an average
size of about 5-50 nm as shown in (Fig. 1). Bhanu Prakash and Subhankar Paul,(2012). Most
of the extracts contain several metabolites that can easily reduce silver nitrate to silver
nanoparticles (Arangasamy Leela and Munusamy Vivekanandan (2008); Mahendra Rai, et
al., 2007.
4.2EDAX ANALYSIS
The EDAX pattern thus clearly shows that the silver nanoparticles are crystalline in nature by
the reduction of silver ions made in this study using leaf aqueous extract of synthesized silver
nitrate solution. Metallic silver nanocrystals generally show typical optical absorption peak
approximately at 3 keV due to 0 – 15. (Fig. 2). Venkateswarlu, et al., (2010).
4.3 UV- ANALYSIS
The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed using UV-Vis spectroscopy the broad
plasma resonance peak around 448.5 nm corresponds to silver nanoparticles the synthesized
silver nitrate solution was selected at wavelength from 220 to 900 nm due to sharpness of the
peaks and proper baseline. (Fig. 3 and Table.1). Bashir Ahmad, et al., (2013).
4.4 FTIR
FTIR analysis was performed. Comparison with the control spectra showed a number of
peaks reflecting a complex nature of the functional groups flagging the synthesized silver
spectra for the control and test samples were analyzed in the range of 400-4000 cm-1. The
results have been abstracted in (Fig. 4 and Table-2). Meenatchiammal and Vijistella Bai,
(2014) biosynthesized of nanoparticles using plant extracts which is the favorite method of
green production of nanoparticles and exploited to a vast extent because the plants are widely
distributed, easily available, safe to handle and with a range of metabolites.
Figure: 1- SEM Images Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of
Spilanthes calva.
Element Weight% Atomic%
C, K 7.78 28.17
N, K 2.03 6.32
O, K 5.73 15.58
Na, K 0.26 0.50
Mg, K 0.42 0.75
Si, K 0.52 0.80
S, K 0.75 1.02
Cl, K 13.97 17.13
K, K 1.96 2.18
Ca, K 1.06 1.15
Ag, L 65.51 26.41
Totals 100.00
Figure: 2- EDAX Image Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of
Figure: 3 The UV analysis of synthesized silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract
of Spilanthes calva.
ACIC
St.Joseph' s College ( Autonomous) T richy-2
Spectrum Name: Bot-S ample-1.sp
4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400.0
0.0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100.0 cm-1 %T 3919.31 3435.00 2395.02 2353.54 2071.58 1636.05 1412.79 1257.83 1062.74 646.71
Figure: 4- The FT-IR analysis of synthesized silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf
extract of Spilanthes calva
Table-1- UV- analysis of Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of
Spilanthes calva DC.
S. No Wavelength (nm) Peak values
1 250-300 253.161.5908
Table-2- FT-IR- analysis of Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract
of Spilanthes calva DC.
S. No Wave Number (Cm) Molecular Motion Functional Group
1 3919.31 O-H-stretch Carboxylic acids/Alcohol
2 3435.00 O-H-stretch Carboxylic acids
3 2395.02 P-H Phosphines
4 2353.54 P-H Phosphines
5 2071.58 -N=C=S stretch Isothiocyanates
6 1636.05 C=O stretch Amides
7 1412.79 C-F stretch Alkyl halides
8 1257.83 C-F stretch Alkyl halides
9 1062.74 C-F stretch Alkyl halides
10 646.71 C-Cr stretch Alkyl halides
CONCLUSION
Studies concerning, Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using from Spilanthes calva. DC
was carried out using the aqueous leaf extracts of synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The
particles size was rod shaped based on SEM and EDX analysis combining the preliminary
knowledge from the UV and FTIR testing, and information regarding common sources of the
analysts were able to set up parameters for additional testing.
AKNOWLEGMENT
The authors are thankful to the Management of St. Joseph’s College, (Autonomous)
Tiruchirappalli-2. for providing necessary infrastructure facilities to carry out this research
work
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