Study on Computer Generated Electromagnetic Effects on Computer Users

762

Copyright © 2011-15. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved.

Volume-5, Issue-2, April-2015

International Journal of Engineering and Management Research

Page Number: 762-767

Application of Geogrphical Information System for Monitoring and

Mapping of Forest Fire in Tiruchirappalli Division,Tamilnadu, India

Pavalan.S1, Rajamanikandan.K2, Leo Stephen Raj.A3, Karthik.C4, Rajamanickam.M5, Vijaya Sarathy.R6, Jose Ravindra Raj.B7

1,2,3,4

Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, PRIST UNIVERSITY, Thanjavur, INDIA

5,6,7

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, PRIST UNIVERSITY, Trichy-Thanjavur Highway, Vallam, Thanjavur, INDIA

ABSTRACT

Forest is not only ecological resources, but also it affects associated with natural economy of country and livelihood. This study examines the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to assess forest fire proneness area. Forest Fire places were identified in the study area from historical hotspots data from year 2007 to 2011 using GPS survey. The study methodology are involved incorporation of different hematic layers road, water bodies, slope, land use, climate, reserved forest area, GPS locations of forest fire. These data were constructed into a spatial database using GIS. Forest Cover changes in Tiruchirapalli district between 2007 and 2011 so as to detect the changes that may have taken place in this status between these periods. The result obtained show that some features will be lost to other features and possible reasons for that were evaluated. These maps shows not only forest fire location but also land use classes with information on major forest species, areal extent risk area. It is essential for the policy makers, environmental analyst planners and conservator of forest to recognize where, what and how much remedial measure is required to restore degraded forest and to manage forest resources in a sustainable manner.

Keywords--- GIS, GPS, Spatial, risk, forest fire,

environmental

I.

INTRODUCTION

In a world with an increasing population and also increased pressure on our natural and man-made forest resources, there is a greater demand for up-to-date and accurate spatial information plant blight, illegal cutting of trees and illegal cultivation happen in the reserve forest area, forest fire has been eminent as one of the main

threats affecting the loss of forests in several districts of India. In this concern, the decreasing of forest resource has become a foremost ecological problem in Tiruchirapalli district. The challenging environment of forest fire in association with spatio-temporal changing of forest covers change are necessities for forest

resource management. The application Remote Sensing and GIS for forest fire mapping discussed [1][2][3].In the incident of a prolonged spell without rain, and a sinking of the ground water table in the reserve forest area, the organic layers spread into completely unfertile regions are very susceptible to forest fire. Fires in these reserve forest area produce much more smoke per hectare than other types of forest fires and are challenging to extinguish. Hence, the understanding of the areas at risk to fire needs to be closer concentration in forests beats. Forest fire occurs from time to time and this has given human accidental to discover and develop different models for forest fire behavior. Now a days, Geographic Information System (GIS), Global positioning system (GPS) and Remote Sensing (RS) are potential tool for management of spatial information about forest resource. It has also showed it’s prospective in forest fire management. in additionally, GIS is a powerful spatial processing tool which is used to resolve numerous complex problems. In the context of forest fire some applications of GIS are as following:

• GIS in fire burned area mapping and modeling

• GIS in disaster management

• GIS in fire hazard mapping

• GIS in recommendation for burn planning

763

Copyright © 2011-15. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved.

different web, mobile based server applications of GIS in forest fire management out of which the most essential ones are hazard mapping, forest fire simulation and resource management[4][5][6]. In this paper emphasis on application of GIS for identifying,analyzing historical forest fire information and recommendation is dicussed.

“Dr.B.Vijaya Sarathi,Ass.Professor &

head,PREC,Prist University. Thanjavur,Vallam,Tamilnadu,India He has published

more than 20 articles in varios peer-reviewd journal ([email protected]).

Dr.M.Rajamanickam,Ass.Professor,Center for Disaster

Management,PristUniversity,Thanjavur,Vallam,Tamil nadu,India.He is author of many research papers (e-mail: [email protected]).

The next few paragraphs should contain the authors’ current affiliations, including current address and (e-mail: [email protected]).”

II.

A

The primary aim and objectives identify forest fire prone locations for locating the groundwater recharge structures using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. They are as follows:

• Forest fire locations–identification of canopy cover changes through a historical forest fire data

• To determine the magnitude of fire incedents and percentage change change of the forest cover that occurred over the study

• To generate forest fire maps for the period 2007,2008,2009 and 2011.

A. STUDY AREA

The Tiruchirapalli forest division is lies between 11” 00’ and 12” 00’ N latitude and 77” 28’ and 78” 50’ E longitude. The district has an area of 4401.23 Sq. Kms. The study area is located northern portion Perambalur district, eastern portion is Thanjavur district. Pudukkottai on the south. Thiruchirappalli forest division located centrally in the State, it has admirable transport network to all other cities The landuse at the study area is mainly fairly densed forest, inland forest, open scrub and grassland. The landform of the area ranges from very flat

terrain. The hottest period is from April to June.

Temperature of the district varies from 19.7oC to 39.4oC The River Cauvery deltaic region irrigates about 51,000 Ha in Trichirapalli. The average annual rainfall is about 842.60 mm.The different type of crops are grownup in this District and Agriculture is the main livelihood for maximum number of the people in the District. The different types of soils are Alluvial sandy loam and loam

soil constitutes foremost portion of the central regions, which form the Cauvery delta in the district. In Manachanallur,Lalgudi, and Andanallur blocks, loamy soil is predominant.Red soil and black soil are major in the dry pathways of the district. The Tiruchirapalli range consists of 5 range namely Thuraiyur range, Thiruchirapalli range,Manapparai range, Thuvankurichi range and Manapparai TAB. The study area is showed in Fig.1.The reserve forest area is a high prospective area of danger of fire in the dry season Most of fire incident are caused by human activities, either due to negligence or burning activities in crop plantations.

Fig.1.Study Area and different forest range

B. Digital Database preparation, methodology, and

delineation of forest fire area

In the current paper an integrated use of survey of India topographical sheets, GPS field data for forest fire locations were used for generation of database and taking out of various drainage parameters. Particulars of data used are shown in Table.1.The following technique was applied for forest fire mapping

a. The SOI toposheets were geometrically corrected and georeferenced by placing ground control points (GCPs)by using UTM projection and WGS 84 datum. Additionally, all geocoded toposheets were mosaic using Envi 3.1 image processing software

764

Copyright © 2011-15. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved.

topographical sheets of the study area by using data preparation option of Envi 3.1 Software by creation of AOI (Area of Interest) of the forest area.

Table.1. Data source

765

Copyright © 2011-15. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved.

III.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The derived forest fire data collected using GPS points 2007, 2008,2009 and 2010 are shown in Table.2.These data were used to identify, classify, assess and interpret Thiruchirappalli Forest. The entire Tiruchirapalli region beat wise forest fire historical maps were prepared and analysed in GIS software the resulted output is shown in figures.3,4,5,6,7 and 8.During April 2007,Mavillipatti reserve forest 31.81 hectares of forest cover burn due anthropogenic activities, similarly Thatchamali reserve forest burned 2.22 hectares of thick tree cover occurred on March 2007. More over sequence of forest fire occurred in Perumal Malai karadu, these area illegally cutting of teak trees with aid of local power to misuse the reserve forest. The perumal malai Karadu has more human intervention are noticed. Fig.Showing historical fire locations of Perumal malai karadu, 2008 (1.17 ha),2009 (0.92 ha) and 2011 (0.102 ha) of forest burned.

766

Copyright © 2011-15. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved.

such as illegal cutting of wood, tribal illegal activities.The degradation can be attributed to the poor management of the forest

IV.

CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATION

The most significant results obtained from this study can be framed as follows: Forest fire in the practise of deforestation and forest fire is a foremost environmental problem revealed at Tiruchirapalli district. In the district, largest forest area burned in Mavilipatty RF accounts of 31.81 hectares, similarly, Kumulat Revenue Karadu 2.5 hectares, Thatchamalai RF-2.22 hectares, Sathampadi RF 1.67 hectares respectively. It is indicates. An increasing demand for agricultural land was the cause for the change of forest resources in the district. From the examined results, the extent of land use and land cover in general and forest cover change in particular was radically changed in Perumal Malai Karadu. between 2007 and 2011.

Particularly, expansion of agricultural land and decline of both forest cover as well as shrub land were observed. From this research, historical forest fire data are proved to be effective in mapping and monitoring the dynamics of forest land use /land cover of the study area. Forest is a renewable resources. If appropriately managed, it continues to produce and delivers welfares to society and mankind forever. We believe that the foresters would contribute significantly to the sustainable future of Tiruchirapalli Hence, to preserve the forest resources from further destruction and to use the forest resources in a sustainable manner, farmers should be encouraged to plant fast growing trees on their farm boundaries, homesteads or on degraded lands instead of cutting trees from the existing forest, introduction of fuel saving stoves instead of using fuel wood in traditional three stone stoves, creating awareness among the society regarding to optimum utilization of the forest recourses and conservation systems by concerned bodies could play important role in rehabilitation and reducing of environmental degradation.

V.

CONCLUSION

AND

RECOMMENDATION

Forest fire is not an persevering or permanent process. Increased and intensive determinations in forest plantation ‘rebirth’ and upgrading will bring to use the type of forest reserve we envisaged. In order to reduce the effects of deforestation in Forest Reserve the study offer the following recommendations:

i. Government of India by method of policy should be severe in conserving forest resource from illegal livelihood in protecred forest area. ii. The forest management should reclaim and

replant every cleared surface within the forest.

iii. Employment of more personnel and provision of attractive remunerations to staff.

iv. Lastly, the need to train the policy makers and resource managers on land use and land cover information through remote sensing and GIS. This will help in easily realizing where action should be taken and what kinds of intervention are needed.

VI.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors gratefully acknowledge Chairman, PRIST University for providing infrastructure facilities and constant encouragement on completing this manuscript. This study would never be completed without the contribution of many people to whom we would like to express our gratitude. To District Forest Officer, staffs, Tiruchirapalli forest division contribute their knowledge and time in data collection and entry processes

REFERENCES

[1]S.Ketpraneet,”Forest fire and effects of forest fire on forest system in Thailand”,Kasetsart University, Bangkok.1991.

[2]S.Li,Z.Nadon,S.Cihlar,J."Satellite detection of Canadian boreal forest fires: development and application of the algorithm",International Journal of Remote Sensing 21(16): 3057-3069.2000

[3]T.Borlawsky,Forest Fire Simulation using Percolation Theory,

www.dbmi.columbia.edu/~tbb7001/projects.htmL.2000 [4] Sabins, F.F, Remote Sensing: principles and interpretation - 3rd edition: W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, NY, 1997

[5] R.B.Footy,On the geology of Madura and Tinnevelly Districts. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, 20,pp.1–103,1883.

[6]USGS, U.S. Geological Survey, a bureau of the U.S.

Department of the Interior,http://speclab.cr.usgs.gov/spectral-lib.html,2007.

[7]J.R. Beveridge, J.Griffith, R.R. Kohler, A.R. Hanson and E.M.Riseman,“Segmenting Images using localised histograms and region merging”,International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 2,pp.311-347,1989.

767

Copyright © 2011-15. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved.

[12]E.Chuvieco, R.G.Congalton, "Application of remote sensing and geographic information systems to forest fire

hazard mapping’, Remote Sensing of the Environment", 29, pp.147-159,1989

Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) workshop,JPL;1991.

[9]P.Hu,Q.Tian, and B.Yan,“The application of hyperspectral remote sensing to the identification of hydrocarbon alteration minerals in QAIDAM basin,”Remote Sensing for Land and Resources,vol.2, pp.54–61,2009.

[10]M.Rani, P.Kumar, M.Yadav, and R. Hooda,“Role of geospatial techniques in forest resource management of Sariska Tiger Reserve(Rajasthan),India,”New York Science J.,vol.4,no.7, pp.77–82,2011.

[11]Clark, R.N.; Swayze, G.A.;Wise, R.; Livo, E.; Hoefen, T.; Kokaly,R.; Sutley, S.J.USGS Digital Spectral Library splib06a; Digital Data Series 231; US Geological Survey; 2007.Available online:Http://speclab.cr.usgs.gov/

spectral.lib06 (accessed on 18 July 2011).

[13]R.K.Jaiswal, M.Saumitra, D.R.Kumaran and S.Rajesh,"Forest fire risk zone mapping from satellite imagery and GIS’, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation", Vol. 4, pp. 1-10,2002. [14]Lv hong-xi, NI shao-xiang, Zhang shu-liang,Design and Development of the Land Grading Information System of Zheng jiang City Based on component GIS, Jiangshu surveying and maping,vol 24,No3

[15]Deng Guang, Lei Zheng-yu, "Building forest resource information sharing platform with WEBGIS",forestry resource management, vol 1,2001, Steve Dye, Dr. Frank Baylin, The GPS Manual Principles and Application, pp.143-144,1997.