Tall Building Design

(1)

2014 MIDAS Technical Seminar

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The recent years have seen tremendous advances in High-Rise Building design in India. Structures such as the World One Tower (442m), Oasis Tower (372m) etc., have pushed the envelope like never before. As such, it becomes imperative for practicing engineers to be up to speed with all the latest developments in the field of High-Rise Buildings.

Today even the design codes have become demanding in terms of detailed and precise design. Understanding of behavior of structure and designing for safety brings in more concerns that should be addressed. Additionally, everything needs to be done quickly and efficiently. This creates a need for a powerful tool that addresses all the above issues. midas Gen has the strong ability to help engineers to perform modeling, analysis and design of structures. The software has been successfully applied to numerous projects thereby demonstrating creditability and stability.

This seminar will focus on familiarizing the structural analysis as well as design of buildings. midas Gen models are also compatible with major BIM tools which have gained a lot of importance recently.

About Seminar

MIDAS

TECHNICAL

SEMINAR

Programs

Time

Sessions

9:30 - 10:00 Registration 10:00 - 10:30 Opening Remark

10:30 - 11:20 Important criteria to be considered for high-rise building design report. Prof. M. A. Chakrabarti, VJTI, (Former Member of High-rise Building Committee)

11:20 - 11:50 Refreshment Break

11:50 - 12:40 Modeling Issues in high-rise buildings Vinayak Naik, Sterling Engineering Consultancy Services

12:40 - 2:00 Lunch break

2:00 - 2:50 Effect of wind loading on tall buildings Prof. Tanuja Bandivadekar, SP College of Engineering

2:50 - 3:40 Foundations for tall buildings Jaydeep Wagh, Geocon International

3:40 - 4:00 Refreshment Break

4:00 - 4:50 Column shortening analysis for high-rise building Ravi Kiran Anne, MIDAS

4:50 - 5:30

Introduction to MIDAS

- Introduction to midas Gen by Shayan Roy, MIDAS - Case studies by Raajesh Ladhad, Structural Concept 5:30 - 5:40 Closing Remark & Lucky Draw

2014 Challenges & Solutions for Tall Building Design

The Institution of Engineers (India, MSC) November 15th_{, 2014 (Saturday)}

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2014 Challenges & Solutions for Tall Building Design

Presenters

Speaker’s Profile

Ravi Kiran is high-rise building design and finite element analysis specialist and technical director with 10 years’ experience in high-rise buildings & infrastructure projects.

Erection Engineering of high-rise building

- Column shortening analysis for high-rise building

by Ravi Kiran Anne, MIDAS

Effect of wind loading on tall buildings

by professor Tanuja Bandivadekar, SP College

Foundations for tall buildings

by Jaydeep D. Wagh, Geocon International Modeling Issues in tall buildings

by Vinayak Naik, Sterling Engineering Consultancy Services Pvt. Ltd.

Important criteria to be considered for high-rise building design report.

by Professor M. A. Chakrabarti, VJTI

Former Member of High-rise Building Committee

• Geotechnical consultant for over 10,000 projects across India. • Completed projects in numerous countries of the world, including

USA, Dubai, Nepal, Shri Lanka, and several countries in Africa. • Geotechnical consultant for the tallest buildings in almost all metro cities of India, including Mumbai (6B+130 floors), Delhi (3B+85 floors), Kolkata (65 floors), Bangalore (3B+52 floors)(1997 - Present)

Vinayak Naik has designed number of ROB’s, fly-overs (a notable

example is the Dadar T. T. flyover in Mumbai, Winner of Special Award by Indian Institute of Bridge Engineers for Year 2000), mass housing

projects, tall buildings, Loco car sheds for Railways (Precast / Prestressed), subways (a notable example is CST subway, Mumbai).

Area of Interest

• Vibration control using passive dampers for structures • Vibration control using passive dampers for bridges • Multiple tuned mass dampers

• Mass excited structure, vibration control. • Admixtures for high performance concrete. Area of Interest

• Reliability engineering and system safety • Non-linear dynamic analysis/system • Self Repairable Concrete System

Raajesh Ladhad has designed tall residential buildings, corporate office buildings, commercial buildings, and hospitals. He has personally trained and guided junior and senior engineers to develop structural designs and details in RC and steel structures.

Case Studies using midas Gen

by Raajesh K. Ladhad, Structural Concept Design

The Institution of Engineers (India, MSC) November 15th_{, 2014 (Saturday)}

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01 Introduction to MIDAS

Shayan Roy, MIDAS

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1 Introduction and Objective

Introduction to midas Gen

MIDAS IT

Welcomes you to its

2014 Technical Seminar

Shayan Roy

MIDAS IT

Introduction and Objective

01 Opening Remarks

02 Introduction to MIDAS

03 Design of High-Rise Building

04 Interaction / Q&A

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3

Objective

01. Introduction to Midas

About MIDAS

No. 1 Market Share

in Civil Engineering Software Solutions

450 Engineers & Professionals

120 Distribution in over 120 Countries

10,000

Number of Clients

(7)

5

Global Network

Export to more than 90 countries worldwide through distributors in 28 countries

Retains the largest CAE market share

Business Areas

Bridge & Civil Structures

Building & Plant Structures

Geotechnical Analysis

Mechanical Analysis

Bridge Engineering

Building Engineering

Geotechnical Engineering

Mechanical Engineering

Software

Developments

Engineering

Consultancy

(8)

Business Areas

7 Introdu 7 7 Intro

Optimal Solution

for

Practical Engineering

Building Structures

Plant Structures

Civil Structures

CAE Technology & Development

Engineering Consulting Service

P

5[PGTI[

Product Line

midas

FX+

midas NFX

Mechanical

Engineering

General Pre & Post Processor for Finite Element Analysis Integrated Design System

for Building and General Structures

midas

Gen

midas DShop

Building & Structural

Engineering

2D / 3D Geotechnical and Tunnel analysis System

midas

GTS

SoilWorks

Geotechnical

& Tunnel

Engineering

midas

Civil

midas

FEA

Bridge & Civil

Engineering

Integrated Solution System for Bridge and Civil Structures

Advanced Nonlinear and Detail Analysis System

Total Solutions for True Analysis-driven Design

Geotechnical Solutions for Practical Design

midas Design+

Structural Component Design & Detailing

Auto-Drafting Module to generate Structural Drawings and Bill of Materials

(9)

Key Clients

International Indian

ACKG HDR Parsons Brinckerhoff AFCONS Arun Gokhale & Associates

AECOM HNTB Ramboll Gruppen CDM Smith DCIPL

ARCADIS Hyder Royal Haskoning CES J+W Consultants

ARUP Hyundai Engineering SMEC EGIS India Milind Kulkarni ATKINS INGEROP SNC-Lavalin International L&T Mahimatura Beca Group Italferr SpA Thornton Tomasetti Louis Berger Group Nagarjuna Constructions

Bechtel Jacobs URS Mott MacDonald Navinnavare

Black & Veatch Korea Power Engineering WSP Group Phiske Consultant Satish Marathe Consultants

CH2M HILL Langan Pragati Consultants Sunil Mutalik

COWI Louis Berger Group S.N.Bhobe & Associates S.W.Mone & Associates

CTI Engineering Michael Baker Corp. STUP Consultants Structus Consultants

Dar Al-Handasah MMM Group Shrikande Consultants Vastec

DHV Group Mott MacDonald Tandon Consultants

GHD Mouchel PWD, Navi Mumbai

Golder Associates MWH Global RDSO

Halcrow Parsons Western Railway

Structural Engineering

Burj Khalifa (UAE)

Kingdom Tower (Saudi Arabia)

Beijing Olympic (China)

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Structural Engineering

9 All types of buildings (RC, Steel, Composite)

9 Plant structures, Airport & Hangars

9 Stadiums, arenas & gymnasiums

9 Column shortening prediction and design

9 Post-tension and pre-stressed concrete analysis

9 Nonlinear seismic performance evaluation

9 Structural safety checks through detail analysis

Application Areas

Tall Building Projects

Kingdom Tower (Saudi Arabia)

World’s Tallest Building

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Tall Building Projects

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Burj Khalifa (UAE)

The World’s Tallest Building

Tall Building Projects

Moscow City Palace Tower (Russia)

(12)

Tall Building Projects

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Tall Building Projects

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Tall Building Projects

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Speciality Projects

peciality Projects

Beijing National Stadium (China)

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Speciality Projects

Temietto di Villa Barbaro (Italy)

Structural Evaluation of Vulnerable Historic

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Bridge Engineering

Sutong Cable-stayed Br. (China)

Russky Island Br. (Russia)

Sunda Strait Br. (Indonesia)

Bridge Engineering

9 Conventional bridges (skewed slab, frame & culvert)

9 Curved steel girders, composite, integral bridges

& PC girder bridges

9 Segmental post-tensioning (BCM, ILM, MSS & FSM)

9 Cable stayed bridges & extradosed bridges

9 Suspension bridges (Earth-anchored & Self-anchored)

9 Fatigue check and seismic performance evaluation

9 Wind evaluation (CFD analysis)

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Cable Stayed Bridges

able Stayed Bridges

Russky Island Bridge (Russia)

The World’s Longest & Tallest Cable Stayed Bridge

Cable Stayed Bridges

Santra Market Bridge, Nagpur

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Cable Stayed Bridges

Tapi Cable Stayed Bridge, Surat

S. N. Bhobhe Consultants, Mumbai

Metro Rail

Hyderabad Metro

L&T Rambol, Chennai

Hyderabad Metro

L&T Rambol, Chennai

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Metro Rail

Navi Mumbai Metro

Louis Berger Group, Mumbai

Special Structures

Mumbai Monorail Station

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Geotechnical Engineering

Kingdom Tower (Saudi Arabia)

New York Subway (USA)

King’s Cross Station (UK)

Geotechnical Engineering

9 Deep foundations & Soil-Structure Interaction

9 Deep excavation and temporary structures

9 Underground structures (subway & disposal facilities)

9 Unconventional tunnel intersections

9 Slope stability and embankments

9 Groundwater Flow and Coupled Analyses

9 Vibration analysis for earthquake & blasting

9

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Geotechnical Engineering

SoilWorks

Tunnel & Underground Structures

Posiva’s ONKALO (Finland)

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Tunnel & Underground Structures

Trans-Hudson Express (U.S.A)

Stability Evaluation for Station Complex

Excavations & Foundations

Dubai Tower (Qatar)

(23)

Introduction

Æ Stadiums Æ Power Plants Æ Hangar Æ Airport Æ Transmission Towers Æ Cranes Æ Pressure Vessels Æ Machine Structures Æ Underground Structures …

Specialty Structures Applications

Beijing National Stadium Beijing National Aquatic Center Beijing Olympic Basketball Gymnasium

Seoul World Cup Stadium JeonJu World Cup Stadium DeaJeon World Cup Stadium

USA Pavilion China Pavilion German Pavilion

Why midas Gen

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Reliable

Buildings

Plant Structures

Æ 50 countries, 6500 copies

Æ Partial List of Client

 URS Corp.  Parsons Brinckerhoff  TY LIN  Ove Arup Gr.  Jacobs Engineering RMJM

Imbsen & Associates  Michael Baker Jr.

R.W. Armstrong and Associates  Hewson Consulting Engineers

Ltd

 Samsung Engg. & Construction POSCO Steel & Construction CALTRANS (California Dept. of

Transportation)

Oregon Dept. of Transportation Pennsylvania Dept. of Transportation US Army …

Various Project

Applications

50 countr

rio

pl

Æ Æ 50 cou

Var

App

1

Spatial Structures Specialty Structures

Reliable

Æ MQC System

(midas Quality Control System)

Æ Bug Reporting System

QA & QC System

MQC Sys

A &

Æ MQC S

QA

2

MQC System Bug Reporting System

Verification

Examples

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Æ More than 100 Verification Examples

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What Gen can Do

Static Analysis

Dynamic Analysis

Geometric Nonlinear Analysis

Buckling Analysis

Heat of Hydration Analysis

Construction Stage Analysis

Boundary Change Analysis

Inelastic Time History Analysis

P-Delta Analysis

Material Nonlinear Analysis

Static Seismic Analysis Response Spectrum Analysis

Time History Analysis

Boundary Nonlinear Analysis

Damper, Isolator, Gap, Hook

Settlement Analysis

Large Displacement Analysis

Structural Masonry Analysis

Time Dependent Material Column Shortening Analysis

Pushover Analysis

RC, Steel, SRC, Masonry With and Without Pipe Cooling

What Gen can Do

RC Design Steel Design SRC Design

ACI318 AISC-LRFD SSRC79

Eurocode 2, Eurocode 8 AISC-ASD JGJ138

BS8110 AISI-CFSD CECS28

IS:456 & IS:13920 Eurocode 3 AIJ-SRC

CSA-A23.3 BS5950 TWN-SRC

GB50010 IS:800 (1984 & 2007) AIK-SRC

AIJ-WSD CSA-S16-01 KSSC-CFT

TWN-USD GBJ17, GB50017 Footing Design

AIK-USD, WSD AIJ-ASD ACI318

KSCE-USD TWN-ASD, LSD BS8110

KCI-USD AIK-ASD, LSD, CFSD

Slab Design KSCE-ASD

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02 Column shortening analysis

for high rise building using midas Gen

Ravi Kiran Anne, MIDAS

(28)

midas Gen – One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Construction Stage Analysis with Special

Emphasis on Column Shortening

midas Gen – One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Principal Axis of Building

Why Construction Stage Analysis Column Shortening & Related Issues Effects of Column Shortening Procedure for Accounting Compensation at Site

Lotte World Tower Case Study Q&A

(29)

One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

2014 Technical Seminar Auto Search Principal Axis

Response Spectrum Analysis

- In Irregular Structures, one directional response spectrum results may include a

different

direction’s response.

- When it occurs, the base shear force from the response spectrum analysis is

remarkably smaller than the base shear force calculated from static seismic analysis.

- This causes the scale factor to be very large, also causing an overestimation for the

design.

X

Y

R

_x

R

_Y

R

_x_x

R

_Y

Response Spectrum Analysis

¾ Principal axis

“ Principal Axes of a building are generally two mutually perpendicular horizontal directions in

a plan of a building along which the geometry of the building is

oriented”

“ Direction in which the seismic load has the largest influence on the structure.”

¾ Ways to Find Principal axis

1. Establishment of the Reaction Direction of the 1st Mode to Principal Axis after Modal Analysis. E.L.Wilson. “Three-Dimensional Static and Dynamic Analysis of Structures”, Computer and Structures, 2002.

2. Finding the Critical Angle Using Modal Analysis Method’s Fundamentals and CQC Theory, Trial and Error Method.

O.A.Lopez and R. Torres. “The Critical Angle of Seismic Incidence and the Maximum Structure Response”, EESD, 1997 3. Trial and Error Method: Practical Approach.

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Response Spectrum Analysis

¾Auto Search Principal axis

X

Y

midas Gen – One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Why Construction Stage Analysis

Column Shortening & Related Issues Effects of Column Shortening Procedure for Accounting Compensation at Site

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2014 Technical Seminar

• In general structures are analyzed assuming that the structure is built and loaded in a moment.

• Construction of structures is a time taking process and during this period Material Properties,

Loads and Boundaries conditions may change.

Construction Stage Analysis

Why Construction Stage (CS) Analysis

Construction Sequence

Self weight of slab Other Dead Loads (Partions, Finishes)

Completed Structure

Dead Load + Live Load Wind

Earthquake

LL,WL,EQ Acts

2014 Technical Seminar _{Construction Stage Analysis}

Conventional Analysis Vs. Construction Stage Analysis

Case 1 – ConventionalAnalysis Case 2 – CS Analysis

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2014 Technical Seminar Construction Stage Analysis

Conventional Analysis Vs. Construction Stage Analysis

Case 1 – ConventionalAnalysis Case 2 – CS Analysis

Conventional Analysis Vs. Construction Stage Analysis

Stage 2

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2014 Technical Seminar Construction Stage Analysis

Conventional Analysis Vs. Construction Stage Analysis

Stage 2

= +

Where CS Analysis is Required

Long Span Trusses

Long Span Slabs, Beams constructed in multiple stages

Prestressed concrete Structures

CS analysis should be performed for all structures where there is a change in

Support Conditions, Loading and varying material properties (Concrete).

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midas Gen – One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Construction Stage Analysis

Column Shortening & Related Issues

Effects of Column Shortening Procedure for Accounting Compensation at Site

Column Shortening and Related Issue

σ

When any member is loaded with Axial Load, it undergoes axial deformation

E

= (σ / ε)

ΔL

= (PL/A E)

Why is this

Important

(35)

P1,

ΔL1

P2,

ΔL2

The differential shortening happening between the vertical members may cause

additional forces and stress in Beams and Slabs

Column Shortening and Related Issue

Column Shortening

Steel Structures

- Linear elastic Behavior

Stress ∞Strain

Strain is constant for a given Stress during loading & unloading

E = (σ / ε)

ΔL

= (PL/A E)

σ

Column Shortening and Related Issue

(36)

Concrete Structures

- Nonlinear Inelastic Behavior

- But in general analysis and design behavior of concrete is treated as Linear Elastic Material

Neither Stress ∞Strain

Nor Strain is constant for a given Stress During loading & unloading

Elastic Strain

+

Inelastic Strain

Column Shortening and Related Issue

Concrete Structures

Elastic

Shortening

Modulus of Elasticity changes with time.

E

_i

= (σ / ε)

ΔL

= (PL/A E

_i

)

Inelastic

Shortening

σ

Creep Shortening. Shrinkage Shortening.

Column Shortening and Related Issues

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With increased height of structures the effect of column shortening (Elastic & Inelastic)

take on added significance and need special consideration in design and construction.

Elastic Shortening of 80 Storey Steel Structure ~ 180 mm to 255 mm.

Elastic Shortening of 80 Storey Concrete Structure ~ 65 mm.

Total Shortening of 80 Storey Concrete Structure ~ 180 to 230 mm.

Inelastic Shortening ~ 1 to 3 times Elastic shortening.

Column Shortening and Related Issue

Two basic prerequisites for accurately and efficiently predicting these effects

are

9 Reliable Data for the creep and shrinkage characteristics of the particular concrete mix

9 Analytical procedures for the inclusion of these time effects in the design of structure.

Some of the popular predictive methods for predicting creep and shrinkage

strains are

9 ACI 209 -92

9 Bazant – Bewaja B3

9 CEB – FIP (1978, 1990)

9 PCA Method (Mark Fintel, S.K.Ghosh & Hal Iyengar)

9 GL 2000 (Gardner and Lockman)

9 Eurocode

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Column Shortening and Related Issue

The total strain at any time t may be expressed as the sum of the

instantaneous, creep and shrinkage components:

Where,

ε

e

(t) = Instantaneous strain at time t,

ε

c

(t) = Creep strain at time t,

ε

sh

(t) = Shrinkage strain at time t.

Column Shortening and Related Issue

The instantaneous strain in concrete at any time t is expressed by

Where,

σ (t) = stress at time t,

E

_c

(t) = Elastic modulus of concrete at time t, given by

f

_ct

= Compressive strength at any time t, given by

α & β are constants depending on Type of Cement & Type of Curing

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Column Shortening and Related Issue

Inelastic

Shortening =

Creep

+

Shrinkage

Creep

Shrinkage is the time-dependant decrease in concrete volume compared with the original placement volume of concrete.

¾Drying Shrinkage is due to moisture loss in concrete.

¾Autogenous Shrinkage is caused by hydration of cement.

¾Carbonation shrinkage results as the various cement hydration products are carbonated in the presence of CO

Creep is time-dependent increment of strain under sustained stress.

¾Basic creep occurs under the condition of no moisture movement to and from the environment.

¾Drying creep is the additional creep caused by drying. Drying creep has its effect only during the initial period of load.

Column Shortening and Related Issue

Inelastic

Shortening =

Creep

+

Shrinkage

Creep

As per ACI 209R-92 the creep coefficients are predicted as =

As per the ACI 209R-92, shrinkage can be predicted by

Where,

t = time in days after loading.

vu = Ultimate creep coefficient = 2.35 Jc

Jc = Product of applicable correction factors

After 7 days for moisture cured concrete

After 1-3 days for steam cured concrete

Where,

t = time in days after the end of Initial Curing (H_sh)

u = Ultimate Shrinkage Coefficient = 780 Jsh x 10 -6_m/m

Jsh = Product of applicable correction factors

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Column Shortening and Related Issue

Factors affecting the Creep & Shrinkage of Concrete

Concrete (Creep & Shrinkage)

Concrete Composition

Cement Paste Content Water – Cement ratio Mixture Proportions Aggregate Characteristics Degrees of Compaction

Initial Curing

Length of Initial Curing Curing Temperature Curing Humidity

Member Geometry and Environment

(Creep & Shrinkage) Environment

Concrete Temperature Concrete Water Content

Geometry Size and Shape

Loading (Creep Only)

Loading History

Concrete age at load Application During load Period

Duration of unloading Period Number of load Cycles Stress Conditions

Type of Stress and distribution across the Section

Stress/Strength Ratio

midas Gen – One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Column Shortening & Related Issues

Effects of Column Shortening

Procedure for Accounting Compensation at Site Live Demonstration

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Effects of Column Shortening

Absolute shortening is rarely of practical interest.

Differential shortening between adjacent vertical elements is the most important factor for

engineer.

Axial Shortening of vertical elements

will not effect those elements very much,

horizontal elements like beams and slabs

and non structural elements are affected.

Effects of Column Shortening

¾

Cracks in Partition Walls.

¾

Cracks in Staircases

¾

Deformation of Cladding.

¾

Mechanical Equipment.

¾

Architectural Finishes.

¾

Built in Furnishings.

These non structural elements are not

intended to carry vertical loads and are

therefore not subjected to shortening.

¾

Slabs may not be truly horizontal after some time.

¾

Beams could be subjected to higher bending moments.

¾

Load transfer.

Structural Effects

Non Structural Effects

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Effects of Column Shortening

Deformation and breakageofFacades, windows & Parapet walls…

Reverse Inclination of Drainage Piping System

Deformation of Vertical Piping System Deformation and breakage of internalpartitions

midas Gen – One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Column Shortening & Related Issues Effects of Column Shortening

Procedure for Accounting

Compensation at Site

(43)

Procedure for Accounting Column Shortening

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Procedure for Accounting Column Shortening

Analytical Measurement

Reflection of physical properties in calculation from material experiment:

Young’s Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio, Mean Compressive strength, Volume to Surface ratio, Shapes, sizes etc.

Reflection of effects of Climate on shortening:

AverageTemperature , RH etc.

Construction Sequence:

Stage duration, Additional Steps, Member Age, Load activation age, Boundary activation age etc.

Reflection of the above effects on site master-schedule.

Installation of sensors or gages in members for determining the actual shortening.

Understanding and noting the following:

Curing procedure / Temperature, Actual Shortening,

Change in Ambient Temperature (Important), Actual Humidity,

Deviation from Defined Construction Stages,

Manipulation of factors in analytical Calculation, Re-Analysis…

Experimental Measurement

Using Software or Manually (Manual calculation is almost impossible)

Field Measurements

Method has Limitation

Procedure for Accounting Column Shortening

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Field Measurements

(45)

Procedure for Accounting Column Shortening

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Engineering Re-Analysis

Procedure for Accounting Column Shortening

Preliminary Analysis

Material / Section Properties Applied Load, Schedule

Main analysis

•Updating material properties from experiments

•Construction sequence considering the field condition

1st, 2nd, 3rd Re-Analysis

Suggestion of compensation and details for non-constructed part of structure

Final Report

Shortening, result from test, measurement Review

Material Experiment

•Compressive strength •Modulus of elasticity •Creep & Shrinkage

Measurement

Measurement of strain for Column & Wall

Design with Additional Force Applying Compensation to in-situ structure Pre-Analysis Main Analysis, Construction & Re-Analysi

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(46)

midas Gen – One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Column Shortening & Related Issues Effects of Column Shortening Procedure for Accounting

Compensation at Site

Compensation at Site

Column Column 1st_correction 2nd correction 1st correction Column Shortening

(47)

Movement Related to Construction Sequence

Depending on the stage of construction:

• Pre-slab installation shortenings

– Shorteningstaking place up to the time of slab installation

• Post-slab installation shortenings

– Shortenings taking place after the time of slab installation

Depending on the construction material:

• Reinforced Concrete Structure

– Pre-slab installation shortenings has no importance – Compensation by leveling the forms

– Post-slab installation shortenings due to subsequent loads and creep/shrinkage

• Steel Structure

– Columns are fabricated to exact length. – Attachments to support the slabs

– Pre-slab installation shortenings need to be known.

– Compensation for the summation of Pre-installation and Post-installation shortenings

2014 Technical Seminar _{Column Shortening}

Compensation at Site

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installation of column forms

insertion of FILLER

insertion of correcting FILLER

Installation of SLAB forms

(48)

midas Gen – One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Lotte World Tower Case Study

Q&A

L

Lotte World Tower

Overview

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Construction Site Structural Schematic

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Overview

೗ ݡɻ ʾ˒ ೗ ೗

Initial Curing <Elastic> <Inelastic>

Con’c Vertical Member

Pre-slabInstallationshortening

Core wall Column

Core Shortening Column Shortening < Deferential Deformation > Deferential Shortening (FOFSBM ↟)FJHIUNGMPPST Tower Deformation ↟%FGPSNBUJPOPGUIFUPXFSJTBOBUVSBMMZPDDVSSJOHEFQFOEJOHPONBUFSJBM DPOTUSVDUJPONFUIPE ↟7FSUJDBM%FGPSNBUJPO 7FSUJDBM4IPSUFOJOH4FUUMFNFOU$POTUSVDUJPO&SSPST ↟)PSJ[POUBM%FGPSNBUJPO %JGGFSFOUJBM4IPSUFOJOH4FUUMFNFOU 6OFWFOMPBEEVFUPDPOTUSVDUJPONFUIPE "TZNNFUSJDGMPPSQMBO$POTUSVDUJPOFSSPST Horizontal Deformation Vertical Deformation With Time

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Pre-Analysis - Deformations

Vertical deformation Differential Shortening Horizontal deformation Differential settlement

• _{Deferential shortening btw Core & Column} ֜ Steel column: Max 55mm

֜ Mega column: Max 65mm

• Top of tower

֜ Steel Frame: 368.7 mm ֜ Core wall: 314.0 mm

• Top of mega column

֜ Mega Col: 297.8 mm ֜ Core wall: 232.8 mm

A BOVE F IRE SHUTTERA BOVE A BOVE F IRE SHUTTERA BOVE

:&KT ;&KT 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 • Prediction X dir: 27.2mm Y dir: 115.5mm Safety check Æ Elevator’s rails Æ Vertical Pipes X Y .&(" $0- $03&8"--'06/%"5*0/ .&(" $0- .&(" $0- $03&8"--'06/%"5*0/ .&(" $0- <initial> <Complete>

֜ Core wall settlement: 35mm ֜ Column settlement: 16mm

Core wall Column

Core

Shortening Column _Shortening

Deferential Shortening

Lantern & Core

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Pre-Analysis - Deformations

Outrigger’s additional stress Slab’s additional stress

Podium’s additional stress

Differential Deformation btw Slab-Column Æ Slab has additional stress

• Additional stress btw tower & podium

Æ Max 100 ton.m

Æ Require Settlement

Joint & Safety check

• Additional Stress without Delay Joint

֜ 1st_{outrigger (L39~L43):}_{3,600 tons}

֜ 2nd_{outrigger (L72~L75):}_{4,700 tons}

֜ required a delay joint installation

• Additional Stress with Delay Joint

֜ 1st_{outrigger (L39~L43):}_{1,700 tons} ֜ 2nd_{outrigger (L72~L75):}_{2,000 tons} Podium

Towe

r

connection L87~L103 L72~L75 L39~L43 B06~B01

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Pre-Analysis – Compensation

- Core Wall: Absolute correction for securing design level

- Column: Relative correction for deferential shortening

Ⴃ Relative correction between core and column

Ⴃ correction due to measurement

pre-Analysis Analysis Re-analysis 1~6 times Material Test Measurement 1st_correction 2nd_correction Additional correction for unconstructed B06 L01 L40 L20 L10 L30 L50 L60 L70 L80 L90 L100 L110 L120 TOP 2nd_O/R 1st_O/R Lantern 1st_B/T 2nd_B/T

)ORRU &RUH &ROXPQ

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L

Lotte World Tower "OBMZTJT$POEJUJPOBOE"TTVNQUJPO "

Analysis Tool: midas/GEN

Outrigger Installation Condition: After completion of frame construction, 1st_{& 2}nd_{outrigger installation}

Environment: Average relative humidity 61.4%

- 3D Structural Analysis with changes of material properties Material properties

- Regression analysis results from the material test data (6 month )

- Comparing to pre-analysis results, 32~33% in creep deformation, 39~42% in shrinkage deformation

- Relative humidity of average 5 years Target period of shortening

- Safety verification: 100years after (ؒultimate shortening) - Service verification: 3years after (95% of ultimate shortening) Loading Condition

- Dead Load & 2nd_{Dead Load: 100%, Live Load: 50%} _{foundation/ground analysis results}Apply soil stiffness from

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Material Test Results

Material test results for re-analysis

<Comparison Graph of Shrinkage>

Pre-analysis Re-analysis Design Strength Ultima te S hrink a g e S tra in (με )

<Comparison Graph of Specific Creep>

Pre-analysis Re-analysis Design Strength Sp ecif ic C reep

<Comparison Graph of Elastic Modulus>

Re-analysis (Material Test) Pre-analysis (Theoretical Eq.)

Concrete Age (Day)

Elastic M odulus 28 days    

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Lotte World Tower /% . 29 . /% . /% . /% . /% . /% . /% . /% . 29 . 29 . 29 . 29 . 29 . 29 . 29 . 2 9 _. 2 9 _. 29 . +9 . +9 . +9 . +9 . %QN/+0 9CNN/+0 %QN/#: 9CNN/#: 29 . 29 . 2 9 . 2 9 _. 4IPSUFOJOH3FTVMUTm.FHB$PMVNO4IPSUFOJOH #_- 4I

 Target Period: 3years

- 3 years was determined as the optimal time of target serviceability application.

 Maximum shortening of mega column

- SubTo: 131.4~137.2mm (L65, L69)

(80~83% of pre-analysis)

Shortening of core walls

- SubTo: 74.1~85.9mm (L71)

 Differential shortening between column-core

- 53.1~60.9mm (L65)

 Settlement Shortening

- Mega column: 21.2~25.5mm (B6) - Core wall: 23.6~29.1mm (B6)

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Lotte World Tower 4IPSUFOJOH3FTVMUTm4UFFM$PMVNO4IPSUFOJOH -_- 4I

 Target Period: 3years

- 3 years was determined as the optimal time of target serviceability application.

 Maximum shortening of steel

column

- SubTo: 110.4~136.9mm (L76)

(80% of pre-analysis)

- Total: 260.7~286.1mm (L76)

(80% of pre-analysis) Shortening of core walls

- SubTo: 67.8~81.0mm (L76)

- Total: 162.9~213.6mm (L76)

 Differential shortening between

Column-core - 40.1~44.5mm (L76) 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . 5% . %QN/+0 9CNN/+0 %QN/#: 9CNN/#: 29 . 29 . 29 . 29 . 29 . 29 . 29 . 29 . 2 9 _. 2 9 _. 29 . +9 . +9 . +9 . +9 . 29 . 29 . 2 9 _. 2 9 _.

Re-analysis Results

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Vertical Shortening Measurement

B06 L01 L38 L18 L10 L28 L50 L60 L70 L76 L90 B03 Foundation settlement 400 gauges (30~60 per floor)

A BOVE F IRE SHUTTERA BOVE A BOVE F IRE SHUTTERA BOVE

: Mega Column : External Core : Internal Core

Ⴃ Gauges Location in Plan

Ⴃ Gauges Location of settlement

: Load cell : Level surveying : Strain Gauge : B006~L070 A˅ A-A˅ ௏যஏ ৻Ҙஏ : B006~L050 A

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Compensation due to core and column differential shortening C

)ORRU &RUH &ROXPQ

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Re-analysis Results

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z Additional stress due to differential shortening

between core & column

z Provide outrigger delay joint

཰ Steel Outrigger Delay Joint ཱ Steel Outrigger Adjustment Joint

(Securing safety under construction)

Outrigger Structural Safety issues and alternatives proposed

Effect & Safety Measure

Ⴃ 2nd_{Outrigger (L72~L75)}

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Midas Gen – One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Lotte World Tower Case Study Some Useful Features in the software Q&A

Material Stiffness Changes for Cracked Sections

Useful Features in midas Gen

Specific stiffness of specific member types may be reduced such as the case where the flexural stiffness of lintel beams and walls may require reduction to reflect cracked sections of concrete.

Section stiffness scale factors can be included in boundary groups for construction stage analysis. The scale factors are also applied to composite sections for construction stages.

Tall Building Design

About Seminar

MIDAS

TECHNICAL

SEMINAR

Programs

Sessions

Presenters

Speaker’s Profile

01

Introduction to MIDAS

Shayan Roy, MIDAS

MIDAS IT

Welcomes you to its

2014 Technical Seminar

Shayan Roy

MIDAS IT

Contents

01

Opening Remarks

02

Introduction to MIDAS

03

Design of High-Rise Building

04

Interaction / Q&A

Objective

About MIDAS

No. 1 Market Share

in Civil Engineering Software Solutions

450 Engineers & Professionals

120

Distribution in over 120 Countries

10,000

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Global Network

Export to more than 90 countries worldwide through distributors in 28 countries

Retains the largest CAE market share

Business Areas

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Developments

Engineering

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Business Areas

Optimal Solution

for

Practical Engineering

Building Structures

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Civil Structures

CAE Technology & Development

Engineering Consulting Service

P

5[PGTI[

Product Line

midas

FX+

midas NFX

Mechanical

Engineering

midas

Gen

midas DShop

Building & Structural

Engineering

midas

GTS

SoilWorks

Geotechnical

& Tunnel

Engineering

midas

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