f denotes figure, t denotes table. A A1 interface, 206 A2 interface, 206 A3 interface, 207 A5 interface, 206–207 A7 interface, 207 A-bis interface, 202 Access attempts, 51 Access bearer service, 224 Access channels (ACHs), 32–33
enhanced, 260 probe structure in, 51f
Access entry handoff (AEHO), 164 Access gateway (AGW), 219–220 Access handoff (AHO), 164–165 Access handoff list, 163 Access mode
basic, 158
reservation, 158–160 Access network (AN), 264–265 Access parameters message, 53
sequence number of, 153 Access power control, IS95A, 52–53 Access probe handoff (APHO), 164 Access probe transmissions, 52–53 Access procedures, random and reservation,
156–162
Access state handoffs, 162–165 Access terminal (AT), 264–265 ACK channels, 244–245, 248 ACK gain, 255
ACK response, 251–252 Active sets, 61
soft handoff, 188 Adaptive and asynchronous
incremental redundancy (AAIR), 75–76, 278
Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), 13–14, 24
Addressing sublayer, 103–104 Address types, 104
Admission control, traffic channel allocation and, 177–180
Air interface. See also 1xEV-DO (HRPD) air interface
protocol layers for, 230–234 standard for, 141
Air link management protocol (ALMP), 232
All-IP network model, 3GPP2, 217–222 Antenna array, 80
Antenna spacing, 85
ARQ channel identifier (ACID), 281 ARQ schemes, 71–72
ARQ sublayer, 102–103
Assisted global positioning system (AGPS), 225–226, 227
Asynchronous IR (AIR), 75 Authentication, authorization, and
accounting (AAA), 205–206 Authentication center (AC), 203 Authentication sublayer, 102 Autocorrelation function, 16, 17
Automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocol, 71–76. See also ARQ entries Autonomous registration, 167
Auxiliary pilot channel (F-APICH), 110, 135
Auxiliary transmit diversity pilot channel (F-ATDPICH), 110
Average data rate (ADR), 93, 94–96 Average data rate vocoder, 89 B
Background applications, 223 Band classes, 114–115
339
CDMA2000®Evolution: System Concepts and Design Principles, by Kamran EtemadBaseband processing pilot channel, 39
reverse access channel, 37 Base station (BS), 202, 203–204 Base station controller (BSC), 202 Base station power resources, 56–57 Base transceiver system (BTS), 202 Basic access (BA) mode, 157, 158 Basic enhanced access probes (B-EAPs),
158
Beam forming, 80–81
Best rate (BR) algorithm, 77, 78, 251 Best-sector selection approach, 255–256 Bit error rate (BER), 24, 82
Blank and burst mode, 34 Block interleaving, 123, 124 Border router (BR), 221
BPSK modulation, 66, 67, 244, 245, 300 Break-before-make (BBM) handoff process,
22, 189
Break-before-make (BBM) transition, 59 Broadcast and multicast services (BCMCS),
262–263
Broadcast channel monitoring, 146–147 Broadcast channels, 99
Broadcast control channels (BCCHs), 122, 146, 269–270
overhead messages on, 152 Broadcast control channel slots, 146 Broadcast indicators, 152
Broadcast messages, paging channel, 43 Broadcast message transmission, multislot,
148, 149
Broadcast/multicast (BMAC) multiplex sublayer, 303
Broadcast/multicast service (BCMCS) cdma2000 Release D, 302–304 modes of, 303t
Broadcast paging, periodic, 148–149 Broadcast slot, 148
Burst randomization, 36
Business management layer (BML), 203 C
Call admission algorithms, 177 Call data accounting entities, 216
Call processing. See IS2000 call processing Call setup
fast, 263–264
HRPD/IS856 Release A, 263–264
Candidate frequency messages, 190 Candidate set, 61
Capacity analysis, 23–28 Capacity loading factor, 26 Capacity performance
1xEV-DO coverage and, 320–323 voice and data, 318–320
Care-of address (COA), 211
Carrier-to-interference (C/I) ratio, 21–22, 68–69
cdma2000. See also cdma2000 network architecture; cdma2000 physical layer; Code division multiple access (CDMA); New concepts/technologies; TD-CDMA
coverage efficiency of, 308 physical channelization in, 106–112 voice and data capacity performance of,
318–320
cdma2000 1xEV-DV, versus high-speed downlink packet access, 334t. See also 1xEV-DV entries
cdma2000 network architecture, 201–228 end-to-end QoS network model, 222–225 legacy cdmaONE networks, 201–203 network element interfaces, 206–207 new network elements, 203–206 packet data service mobility
management, 207–213 positioning system, 225–228 radio channelization with, 97
3GPP2 all-IP network model, 217–222 3GPP2 network model, 213–217 cdma2000 physical layer, 97–100
features of, 113–140
forward common physical channel data rates, 120–123
radio configurations, 113–119
reverse and forward link channel coding, 123–128
reverse common physical channel data rates, 119–120
reverse link spreading and modulation, 128–133
spectrum support, 113–115
spreading and modulation in the forward link, 133–140
traffic channel data rates, 115–119 cdma2000 protocol layers, 97–106. See also
cdma2000 Release 0, 7–8, 9
cdma2000 Release A, 8, 106–107, 109, 124
cdma2000 Release B, 8
cdma2000 Release D (1xEV-DV), 269–305. See also 1xEV-DV entries
additional enhancements in, 301–305 channel configuration capabilities for,
275–276
channel quality measurement and cell switch, 284–286
forward packet data channel operation, 276–284
new channel physical layer structure, 290–301
1xEV-DV protocol layers, 271–272 reverse packet data channel operation,
286–290
cdma2000 standards, xiii, xiv, 4–6 cdmaONE evolution to, 6–10 evolution of, 1–10
cdma2000 systems, vocoders used in, 90–96
CDMA Development Group (CDG), 6 CDMA mobile protocol revisions, 166t cdmaONE, vocoders used in, 90–96 cdmaONE networks, legacy, 201–203 cdmaONE standards, evolution to
cdma2000, 6–10
CDMA-to-analog handoff, 59, 181 CDMA-to-CDMA handoff, 59 CDMA-to-CDMA hard handoff, 181,
189–192 Cell capacity, 27
Cell/sector reselection, 1xEV-DO, 255–256 Cell switching, 286
cdma2000 Release D, 284–286 HRPD/IS856 Release A, 263 Challenge handshake authentication
protocol (CHAP), 207
Channel assignment into soft handoff (CASHO), 165
Channel coding, 66, 124
reverse and forward link, 123–128 Channel configuration capabilities,
1xEV-DV Release D, 275–276 Channel elements (CEs), 180 Channel-encoded symbols, 123 Channelization HRPD, 234–237 IS95A, 29–32 physical, 106–112 Channelization spreading, 135f reverse link orthogonal, 128–131 variable, 69–71
Channel mapping, logical to physical, 102t Channel physical layer structure, cdma2000
Release D, 290–301 Channel protection, equal, 68
Channel quality measurement, cdma2000 Release D, 284–286
Channel reuse, 21f
Circuit-switched voice system, 326 Closed-loop power control, IS95A, 54–56 Closed-loop reverse power control,
197–199
Closed-loop transmit diversity schemes, 86 Code channel aggregation, 172
Code division multiple access (CDMA), concepts related to, 11–28. See also CDMA entries; TD-CDMA
Code division multiple access systems, xiii Code division multiplexing (CDM),
276–277
Code-multiplexed channels, 188 Code rate puncturing pattern, 83 Code rates, F-PDCH, 293f Coding, adaptive, 66–69
Coding and modulation scheme (CMS), 68–69
Coding rates, puncturing patterns used for, 125, 127t
Collection function (CF), 216 CombinedBusyBit indicator, 254 Common channels, 99
Common power control channel, 122 Common power control group (CPCG), 160 Common power control subchannels,
122–123
Common rate control (CRC) commands, 288
Communication intercept entities, 215–216 Configuration indicators, 151, 152 Configuration message sequence number,
153 Confirmation of delivery, 103 Constituent encoder, 125 Control channels enhanced, 260 1xEV-DO, 236
Conversational applications, 223 Convolutional encoders, 124–125, 126f Core network interfaces, 5
Core quality of service manager (CQM), 221
CQI report patterns, 285–286 “Cross tunneling” feature, 267 CurrentRate indicator, 254
Cyclic redundancy codes (CRCs), 123 D
Databases, core network, 221 Data burst message, 147 Data burst randomizer, 36
Data capacity performance, 318–320 Data channels, 237, 244–245 Data control channel (DCCH), 173 Data modulation, F-PDCH, 293f Data rate control (DRC) channel, 237,
249–250. See also DRC entries Data rates, 162
F-PDCH, 276
forward common physical channel, 120–123
1xEV-DV forward channel, 297f 1xEV-DV reverse physical channel,
298f R-DPCH, 301f
reverse common physical channel, 119–120
traffic channel, 115–119
Data rate selection, reverse data channel, 253–254
Data scrambling, 47
Data transmission. See also Multislot data transmission forward link, 248–252 reverse link, 252–256 on traffic channels, 171–180 Decoding algorithms, 83–84 Dedicated channels, 100
Dedicated control channels, 117, 119 Default protocols, HRPD, 231–234 Default service configuration, 170 Delivery function (DF), 215 DEMUX functions, 133–134 De-spreading operation, 13, 14f
Differentiated services (DiffServ), 223–224 Digital modulation schemes, 66
Dim and burst mode, 34
Direct channel assignment, cdma2000 Release D, 304
Direct sequence spreading, 12, 37 Direct-spread spectrum signal, 114 Diversity gain, 22–23 DRC channel structure, 246–247 DRC gain, 255 DRCLock channel, 235, 241–242 D-to-A handoff, 59 D-to-D handoff, 59 “Dual-channel QPSK,” 130 Duration parameter, 174 DV capability, 275–276 Dynamic drop threshold, 185 Dynamic thresholds, for soft handoff,
182–187 E
Early acknowledgment channel assignment message (EACAM), 159, 160 Effective isotropic radiated power (EiRP),
308
EIA-TIA95, 63, 131, 133
EIA-TIA95B, handoff process in, 183–187 850-MHz cellular band, 29, 30
8PSK modulation, 66, 67
Electronic serial number (ESN), 202 Element management layer (EML), 203 Emergency service entities, 216–217 Encapsulated packet data unit (PDU), 32 Encoder packets, 291
Encoders
convolutional, 124–125 turbo, 125–128
End-to-end QoS network model, 222–225 Enhanced access probe (EAP), 157 Enhanced access procedures, 156–162 Enhanced channel assignment message
(ECAM), 304. See also Extended channel assignment message (ECAM) Enhanced data rates for GSM evolution
(EDGE), 2, 3
Enhanced variable-rate vocoder (EVRC), 90 Equipment identity register (EIR), 203 Erasure indicator bit (EIB), 193
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) “Partnership Project,” 2
EVRC vocoders, 319 Excitation-filter approach, 93
Extended channel assignment message (ECAM), 165, 199. See also Enhanced channel assignment message (ECAM) Extended handoff direction message, 181 Extended pilot strength measurement
message (EPSMM), 181
Extended supplemental channel assignment message (ESCAM), 174, 199 F
Fading conditions, 86 Failed access probe, 50 Fast call setup
cdma2000 Release D, 304 HRPD/IS856 Release A, 263–264 Faster power control, 54
Fast fading effects, 54
Fast handoff, inter-PDSN, 212–213 F-CCCH slots, 147, 149. See also Forward
common control channel (F-CCCH) Fixed data rate, 118
Flexible data rate mode, 118 Flexible rate control, 287–288
Flexible sleep time, HRPD/IS856 Release A, 263–264
Forward acknowledgment channel (F-ACKCH), 274, 295–296. See also ACK entries
Forward broadcast control channel (F-BCCH), 111
monitoring broadcast messages on, 149 Forward common assignment channel
(F-CACH), 111, 123, 159, 160 Forward common channel monitoring,
146–147
Forward common control channel (F-CCCH), 111, 123. See also F-CCCH slots
monitoring broadcast messages on, 149 Forward common physical channels, data
rates on, 120–123
Forward common power control channel (F-CPCCH), 111, 273
Forward common power control subchannel (F-CPCSCH), 159, 160
Forward dedicated control channel (F-DCCH), 112
Forward error correction (FEC), in reverse physical channels, 125–128
Forward error correction codes, 72
Forward fundamental channel (F-FCH), 112 Forward grant channel (F-GCH), 275, 295 Forward indicator control channel
(F-ICCH), 275, 294–295 Forward link
handoff on, 182
hybrid ARQ and multislot data transmission on, 251–252
spreading and modulation in, 133–140 Forward link budget analysis, IS2000,
314–317
Forward link capacity, 27
Forward link channel coding, 123–128 Forward link channels, 38–48
forward physical channel processing, 45–48
forward traffic channel, 43–44 1xEV-DO, 234–236
paging channel, 41–43 pilot channel, 38–39 synch channel, 39–40
Forward link data transmission, 1xEV-DO (HRPD) air interface, 248–252 Forward link enhancements, HRPD/IS856
Release A, 260–263
Forward link orthogonal channelization spreading, 133–137
Forward link packet data channel (F-PDCH), 272. See also F-PDCH call setup hybrid ARQ on, 281–284
Forward link packet data control channel (F-PDCCH), 272–273. See also F-PDCCH processing; Packet data control channel (PDCCH) Forward link packet scheduling, 1xEV-DO,
250–251
Forward link physical channels, 31, 109–112
Forward link power control, 52 IS95A, 56–59
Forward link quadrature
spreading/modulation, 137–140 Forward link traffic channel, 33
Forward MAC channel structure, HRPD, 241–243
Forward packet data channel operation, 1xEV-DV Release D, 276–284 Forward packet data channel structure,
Forward packet data control channel structure, cdma2000 Release D, 290–291
Forward paging channel (F-PCH), 110. See also Forward quick paging channel (F-QPCH); F-PCH slots; Paging channels (PCHs) monitoring broadcast messages on,
147–149
Forward physical channels, 100
Forward physical channel structure, HRPD, 237–243
Forward pilot channel (F-PICH), 109, 122 Forward quick paging channel (F-QPCH), 111. See also Quick paging channel (QPCH)
Forward rate selection, 1xEV-DO, 248–250 Forward supplemental channel (F-SCH),
112, 195–196. See also F-SCH transmission termination assignment to, 174–176
Forward supplemental code channel (F-SCCH), 112
Forward sync channel (F-SYNCH), 110 Forward traffic channel power control,
193–196
Forward traffic channels, 112 F-PCH slots, 147
F-PDCCH processing, 278–281
F-PDCH call setup, message flow for, 278, 279f
Frame classification, SMV, 93, 94f Frame erasure rate (FER), 24, 54–55, 68
in ARQ protocols, 72 forward link, 57–58 Frame sizes, 162
Frequency assignments, 29 Frequency channels, 21
Frequency division duplex (FDD) mode, 1–2
Frequency hopping, 12 Frequency reuse efficiency, 25 F-SCH transmission termination, 176 Fundamental code channel (FCH),
171–172, 173
Fundicated channels, 109, 112, 269 G
General handoff direction message, 181 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), 2.
See also GPRS entries
General page message, 147–148 “Global challenge” authentication, 102 Global equipment identity (GEID), 305 GPRS services, 3
GPRS support nodes, 337 Greenfield deployment, 323–328 Hadamard matrices, 15–16, 70 Half-rate max (HRM) mode, 93 Handoff. See also Fast handoff; Hard
handoff; Soft handoff access state, 162–165
HRPD/IS856 Release A, 263–264 intergeneration and intersystem, 192 inter-PCF and intra-PDSN, 209–210 inter-PDSN, 210–212
traffic channel, 180–192
Handoff direction messages (HDMs), 61–62, 191
Handoff procedures, IS2000, 180–181 Handoff thresholds, 182–187 Handoff timer, 192
Hard handoff, 59
CDMA-to-CDMA, 189–192
HARQ scenarios, 74–75. See also Hybrid ARQ (HARQ)
Hashing algorithm, 150, 151
High-rate packet data (HRPD), 9, 65. See also HRPD entries
High-rate packet data air interface, 229. See also 1xEV-DO (HRPD) air interface
High-rate packet data system, 2
High-rate traffic channel, data transmission on, 188–189
High-speed data traffic support, 169 High-speed downlink packet access
(HSDPA), 332–234 Home agent (HA), 204–205 Home location register (HLR), 202 HRPD/IS856 Release A, enhancements in,
257–264
HRPD-IS2000 hybrid networks, 265–267 HRPD network architecture, 264–265 Hybrid access terminals, 267
Hybrid ARQ (HARQ), 72–73, 258–259, 288–289. See also HARQ scenarios on the forward link, 251–252 on F-PDCH, 281–284
Hybrid networks, HRPD-IS2000, 265–267
I
I-channel, 130, 131 I-channel sequence, 248 Idle handoff, 153–154
Idle state, mobile station, 145–155 I long code, 132, 133
IMT2000 FDD mode. See also International Mobile Telecommunications
(IMT2000) standards direct spread technology with, 3 multicarrier technology with, 3 IMT2000 TDD mode technology, 3 Incremental redundancy (IR), 73–76 Initialization state, mobile station, 143–145 Integrated services (IntServ), 223, 224 Interactive applications, 223
Intercept access point (IAP), 215 Interference correction factor, 197 Interference factor (f), 25, 27 Interference margin, 311 Interference reduction, 80–81 Interfrequency handoff process, 191f Interfrequency hard handoff, 189, 190 Intergeneration handoff, 192
International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT2000) standards, 1, 331–337. See also IMT2000 entries
direct spread, 3, 331–332
high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), 332–334
IMT2000-TDD (TD-CDMA), 334–335 UMTS network architecture, 336–337 Interoperability Specifications (IOS), 5 Inter-PCF handoff, 209–210
Inter-PDSN fast handoff, 212–213 Inter-PDSN handoff, 208–209, 210–212 Intersystem handoff, 192
Interworking function (IWF), 203 Intra-PDSN handoff, 208, 209–210 IPv6 Forum, 6
IR protocol, 75. See also Incremental redundancy (IR)
IS856, 9, 10
IS95A, 29–64. See also Power control schemes (IS95A)
forward link power control in, 57 radio and physical channelization, 29–32 random-access channel operation, 48–52 reverse link physical channels, 32–38 soft handoff in, 60–64
traffic channel handoff, 59–64
IS-95 standard, 6–7 IS95-to-IS2000 handoff, 192 IS2000
forward link budget analysis for, 314–317
handoff process in, 183–187
reverse link budget analysis for, 308–314 specifications for, 29
IS2000-A/B radio configurations, 116–117 IS2000 call processing, 141–167
mobile station idle state, 145–155 system access state, 155–167 IS2000 mobile station, 141 IS2000 Release C, 9, 270 IS2000 Release D, 10, 270 IS2000-to-IS95 handoff, 192 Iterative decoding, 84 L LAC sublayer, 101–104 Layer 3 signaling, 104–106 Legacy access channels, 156
Legacy cdmaONE networks, 201–203 Legacy MS domain, 217
Legacy MS domain support (LMSDS), 219 Limiting link, 24
Link access control (LAC), 97, 100 Link adaptation, 66–76
HRPD/IS856 Release A, 258–260 improved, 258–260
Link budget analysis (LBA), 307, 308–317 Link capacity improvements, 96t
Link layer, 100–104 Link quality, 54 Load balancing, 178
Location update protocol, 232
Logical channelization, HRPD, 234–237 Logical channels, 101
Logical-to-physical-channel mapping, 102t Long code spreading, 37
Long PN code, 45 Long PN sequence, 47 M
MAC addressing, HRPD, 238–239. See also Media access control (MAC) MAC channel structure, forward, 241–243 MAC functions, packet data, 172
MAC-IDs, 261–262, 279–280, 281 MAC index, 239
MAC sublayer, 100–101 Make-before-break (MBB)
handoff/transition, 22, 59
Market representation partners (MRPs), 6 Maximal-length (ML) shift registers, 16 Maximum allowable path loss (MAPL),
310–311, 312 MaxRate indicator, 253 Mean output power, 52, 53
Media access control (MAC), 97, 100. See also MAC entries
1xEV-DO, 235
Media gateway (MGW), 217, 221–222 Media gateway control function (MGCF),
222
Media resource function processor (MRFP), 222
Message center (MC), 203
Messages. See also Broadcast messages; Signaling messages
access channel, 33 forward traffic channel, 44 soft handoff, 181–182
Minutes of usage (MoU), 324–325 Mobile access state, 155f
Mobile application part (MAP) network signaling, 8
Mobile application protocol (MAP), 336 Mobile directory number (MDN), 202 Mobile equipment identifier (MEID)
support, cdma2000 Release D, 304–305
Mobile identification number (MIN), 41, 111
Mobile positioning entities, 216–217 Mobile station (MS), 201, 203, 214–215 Mobile station call processing states, 142f Mobile station control, traffic channel, 169 Mobile station identification (MSID),
207–208
Mobile station idle state, 145–155 Mobile station initialization state, 141,
142–145
Mobile station states, 141–142 Mobile switching center (MSC), 202 Mobile tracking, cdma2000 Release D, 304 Mobility management, for packet data
services, 207–213
Mobility management and radio resource (MM-RR) message, 163–164 Mobility manager (MM), 220 Modulation adaptive, 66–69 forward link, 133–140 higher-order, 257 HRPD, 247–248 1xEV-DO, 243 reverse link, 128–133 Modulation scheme, 66 Modulation symbols, 46 Monitoring
of broadcast messages on F-BCCH and F-CCCH, 149
of broadcast messages on F-PCH, 147–149
of forward common and broadcast channels, 146–147
of the quick paging channel, 149–152 MSC server, 217–218
m-sequences, 16–18 Multiband mobile, 143 Multicarrier CDMA, 3 Multicarrier system, 113, 114
Multicode uplink data transmission, 257 Multipath diversity, 19–21
Multipath fading, 53–54
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) structure, 334
Multislot broadcast message transmission, 148, 149
Multislot data transmission, on the forward link, 251–252
Multiuser diversity, 76–80 Multiuser diversity gain, 78, 79f Multiuser packet data rates, 261 N
NACK response, 251–252 Near-far problem, 23 Neighbor set, 61
Network architecture, HRPD, 264–265. See also cdma2000 network architecture
Network capability gateway (NCGW), 222 Network-controlled selectable mode
vocoder (SMV), 88–96
Network element interfaces, cdma2000, 206–207
Network elements, cdma2000, 203–206 Network management layer (NML), 203
Network models
end-to-end QoS, 222–225 3GPP2 all-IP, 217–222 3GPP2 cdma2000, 213–217
New concepts/technologies, 65–96. See also cdma2000 entries
beam forming, 80–81 link adaptation, 66–76 multiuser diversity, 76–80
network-controlled selectable mode vocoder, 88–96
transmit diversity, 85–88 turbo codes, 82–85
1900-MHz PCS band, 29, 30, 31 “Noise floor,” 310–311
Number portability data base (NPDB), 216 1xEV-DO, 9
1xEV-DO (HRPD) air interface, 229–267 data transmission on the reverse link,
252–256
forward link data transmission, 248–252 forward physical channel structure,
237–243
HRPD/IS856 Release A enhancements, 257–264
HRPD-IS2000 hybrid networks, 265–26 HRPD network architecture, 264–2657 physical and logical channelization,
234–237
protocol layers, 230–234
reverse physical channel structure, 243–248
1xEV-DO coverage, capacity performance and, 320–323
1xEV-DV, 9, 269
1xEV-DV protocol layers, 271–272 1xEV-DV Release C, new physical
channels in, 272–275 1xEV-DV Release D, new physical
channels in, 272–275. See also cdma2000 Release D (1xEV-DV) 1x-RTT system, 7–8
1x system, 114 O
On-off-keying (OOK), 122 Open-loop power control, 50
IS95A, 53–54. See also Closed-loop power control
Open-loop reverse power control, 196–197
Open-loop transmit diversity schemes, 85 Operations systems (OS), 203
Optional pilot channels, 109–112 Orthogonal channelization spreading
forward link, 133–137 reverse link, 128–131 Orthogonal codes, 128
Orthogonal transmit diversity (OTD), 87, 138–140
Orthogonal variable spreading factors (OVSF), 70
Orthogonal Walsh codes, 87 Orthogonal Walsh function, 133 Overhead information, response to,
152–153
Over-the-air service provisioning function (OTAF), 216
P
Packet control function (PCF), 204, 220 Packet data channel control function
(PDCHCF), forward and reverse (F/R), 271–272
Packet data control channel (PDCCH), 277–278. See also Forward link packet data control channel (F-PDCCH)
Packet data handoff, 208 Packet data services, 201
mobility management for, 207–213 Packet data serving node (PDSN), 204,
207–213, 224, 265 in a hybrid network, 267 “Packet pipe,” 112
Packet scheduling, forward link, 250–251 Paging channel coding, 45
Paging channel rate (PRAT), 41 Paging channels (PCHs), 41–43, 122.
See also Forward paging channel (F-PCH); Forward quick paging channel (F-QPCH)
overhead messages on, 152 Paging indicators, 150, 151 Paging message capsules, 41–42 Parameter change registration, 167 Password authentication protocol (PAP),
207
PCF-to PCF-handoff, 209 PDSN-to-PDSN handoff, 210–212 Periodic broadcast paging, 148–149
Periodic sequences, cross-correlation between, 17–18
Persistence delay (PD), 50
Phase-switched transmit diversity (PSTD), 86
Physical channelization, 106–112. See also Physical channels
HRPD, 234–237 IS95A, 29–32 Physical channels
forward link, 109–112
in 1xEV-DV Releases C and D, 272–275 reverse link, 32–38, 107–109
types of, 30–31
Physical layer, 97–100. See also cdma2000 physical layer
design of, 67
Physical layer packets, 239–240, 260–261 traffic channel, 240
Physical layer packet transmission, HRPD/IS856 Release A, 257–258 Physical layer processing, reverse link,
36–38
Pilot channel acquisition substate, 142, 144
Pilot channels (PICHs), 38–39, 236, 237, 245–246
auxiliary, 81. See also Forward pilot channel (F-PICH); Reverse pilot channel (R-PICH)
1xEV-DO, 235 optional, 109–112 Pilot channel sets, 61–62 Pilot gating, 286
Pilot strength measurement message (PSMM), 181, 184. See also PSMM messaging
Pilot transitions, step-by-step, 186–187 PN codes, 16–19
PN offsets, 39
Point to point protocol (PPP), 172, 232, 265. See also PPP link
Pole capacity, 26, 27
Position determining entity (PDE), 222, 226, 227, 228
Positioning system, cdma2000, 225–228 Power common control assignment message
(PCCAM), 161
Power control, 23–28. See also Reverse power control
forward traffic channel, 193–196 reverse traffic channel, 196–199, 255 traffic channel, 192–199
Power control bits (PCBs), 47, 55–56, 194 Power control groups (PCGs), 36–37, 54,
55
Power control loops, inner and outer, 193 Power control schemes (IS95A), 52–59
access power control, 52–53 closed-loop power control on reverse
traffic channel, 54–56
forward link power control, 56–59 open-loop power control on traffic
channel, 53–54
Power control strategy, joint, 22 Power control subchannel gating, 195f Power control subchannel multiplexing,
46
Power control symbol puncturing, 124 Power factor, 179
Power measurement report message (PMRM), 58
Power resource utilization, rate determination based on, 179–180 PPP link, 211. See also Point to point
protocol (PPP)
Primary traffic only mode, 34
Priority access channel assignment (PACA), 145, 156
Processing gain, 21
Proportional fairness (PF) algorithm, 77, 78, 251
Protocol date units (PDUs), 101–103, 104 Protocol layers, air interface, 230–234 Protocol reference models, 212–213 PSMM messaging, 183f. See also Pilot
strength measurement message (PSMM)
Q
Q-channel, 130, 131 Q-channel sequences, 248 Q long code, 132, 133
QoS-aware media, 65. See also Quality of service (QoS)
QoS control, 289–290
QoS network model, end-to-end, 222–225 QPCH slots, 150–151
QPSK modulation, 66–67. See also “Dual-channel QPSK”
Quadrature spreading HRPD, 247–248 1xEV-DO, 243
Quality indicator bit (QIB), 193
Quality of service (QoS), xiii, 1, 205. See also End-to-end QoS network model; QoS entries
HRPD/IS856 Release A, 263–264 Quality of service control mechanism, 97 Quasi-orthogonal functions (QOFs), 133,
134
Quick paging channel (QPCH), 122. See also Forward quick paging channel (F-QPCH); QPCH slots
monitoring, 149–152 R
R-ACH slot structure, 51–52. See also Reverse access channel (R-ACH) Radio access bearer services, 224 Radio access network (RAN), 220 Radio access technology, xiii Radio channelization, IS95A, 29–32 Radio configurations (RCs), 98–99,
113–119
Radio interface signaling, 104–106 Radio link protocols (RLPs), 5, 173, 232 Radio network controller (RNC), 337 Radio network dimensioning and planning
issues, 323–330
Radio networks, migration or expansion of, 328–330
Radio network subsystem (RNS), 336 Radio performance, link budget analysis
and, 308–317. See also Radio network dimensioning and planning issues; Voice and data capacity performance Radio resource management, 177–179 Radio transmission technology (RTT), 7, 8 Rake receiver, 19–21
Random-access channel operation, IS95A, 48–52
Random-access procedures, enhanced, 156–162
Rate determination, 179–180
Rate determination algorithm (RDA), 91, 93
Rate Set I (RS-l), 44, 45, 57–58 Rate Set II (RS-2), 44, 58–59 Receiver sensitivity, 310
Reduced cycle index, cdma2000 Release D, 304
Redundancy, incremental, 73–76 Registration, 165–167
Relaxation code-excited linear prediction (RCELP), 91
Remaining set, 61
Removable UIM (R-UIM), 214
Reservation access enhanced access probe (RA-EAP), 158–159
Reservation access (RA) mode, 157, 158–160
with soft handoff, 160–162
Reservation access procedures, enhanced, 156–162
Reverse access channel mode, HRPD, 236–237
Reverse access channel structure, 247 Reverse access channel (R-ACH), 32–33,
107–108, 156, 158. See also R-ACH slot structure
Reverse acknowledge channel (R-ACKCH), 278, 282, 284, 296–297. See also ACK entries; Reverse link acknowledgment channel (R-ACKCH)
Reverse activity bit (RAB), 235 Reverse channel coding, 123–128 Reverse channel quality indication channel
(R-CQICH), 278, 284, 285, 297–299. See also Reverse link channel quality indicator channel (R-CQICH) Reverse common channels, data rates for,
121t
Reverse common control channel (R-CCCH), 108, 160–162
Reverse common physical channels, data rates on, 119–120
Reverse data channel
data rate selection for, 253–254 parameters for, 245t
Reverse dedicated channels, date rates for, 120t
Reverse dedicated control channel (R-DCCH), 108–109
Reverse enhanced access channel ®-EACH), 108, 156–162
Reverse fundamental channel (R-FCH), 108 Reverse link
data transmission on, 252–256 handoff on, 182
Reverse link acknowledgment channel (R-ACKCH), 273. See also ACK entries; Reverse acknowledge channel (R-ACKCH)
Reverse link budget analysis, IS2000, 308–314
Reverse link CDMA cell capacity, 26 Reverse link channel quality indicator
channel (R-CQICH), 273. See also Reverse channel quality indication channel (R-CQICH)
Reverse link channels, HRPD, 236–237 Reverse link enhancements, HRPD/IS856
Release A, 257–260
Reverse link modulation, 128–133 Reverse link orthogonal channelization
spreading, 128–131
Reverse link orthogonal code channels, 302f
Reverse link physical channels, 107–109 IS95A, 32–38
Reverse link physical layer processing, 36–38
Reverse link quadrature spreading, 131–133 Reverse link spreading, 128–133
Reverse packet control channel, cdma2000 Release D, 296–301
Reverse packet data channel (R-PDCH), 274
cdma2000 Release D, 286–290, 296–301 Reverse packet data control channel
(R-PDCCH), 274, 299–300 Reverse persistence vectors, 254
Reverse physical channel structure, HRPD, 243–248
Reverse pilot channel (R-PICH), 107, 274 Reverse power control (RPC), 52, 235.
See also RPC channel closed-loop, 197–199 open-loop, 196–197
Reverse power control subchannel, 107. See also RPC channel
configurations of, 196t structure of, 193–196
Reverse rate indicator channel, 237 Reverse rate indicators (RRIs), 253 ReverseRateLimit indicator, 253
Reverse request channel (R-REQCH), 274 Reverse supplemental channel (R-SCH),
109
assignment to, 177 soft handoff on, 188
transmission termination on, 177 Reverse Supplemental Channel 1, 130 Reverse supplemental code channel
(R-SCCH), 109
Reverse traffic channel mode, HRPD, 237 Reverse traffic channel power control,
196–199
Reverse traffic channels, 33–36, 108–109 closed-loop power control, 54–56 power control on, 255
Reverse traffic channel structure, 244–247 RF channel bandwidths, 98
Rise over thermal (RoT) noise level, 289–290
Rise over thermal resource, 323
Round-robin (RR) algorithm, 77, 78, 251 RPC channel, 241–242. See also Reverse
power control (RPC) S
Satellite-based measurements, 227 Scheduling strategies, 77
Scrambling, forward traffic channel, 46 Search window, 63–64
Sectorization gain, 27
Sector reselection, 1xEV-DO, 255–256 Segmentation and reassembly (SAR)
sublayer, 104
Selectable mode vocoder (SMV), 173. See also SMV entries
network-controlled, 88–96 Service configuration parameters,
negotiable and nonnegotiable, 170–171
Service configurations, traffic channel, 170–171
Service data units (SDUs), 101, 102 Service management layer (SML), 203 Short codes, 39
Short message entity (SME), 214–215 Short PN codes, 47–48
SHO threshold, 185f, 186f
Signaling enhancements, cdma2000 Release D, 304–305
Signaling link protocol (SLP), 232 Signaling messages, reverse traffic channel,
35
Signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR), 249
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), 38, 82 16QAM modulation, 66–67 Sleep time, flexible, 263–264 Slot cycle, 42–43
Slot duration, 162 Slotted mode, 146, 147 Smart antenna structures, 80
SMV algorithm operating modes, 92–93, 94–95
SMV codec, 91–96. See also Selectable mode vocoder (SMV)
Soft capacity, 23–28 Softer handoff, 60
Soft handoff (SHO), 22–23, 59, 180–181. See also Channel assignment into soft handoff (CASHO)
dynamic thresholds for, 182–187 level of, 309
process and parameters of, 60–64 reservation access with, 160–162 scenarios for, 59–60
for supplemental channels, 188 traffic channel, 181–182 two- or three-way, 59–60
Soft handoff messaging, traffic channel, 181–182
Soft handoff thresholds, dynamic, 182–187 Soft-softer handoff, 60
Space-time spreading (STS), 88, 139f Spectral densities, 25
Spectrum support, 113–115 Speech classification, 89
Speech codecs, 90. See also SMV codec Speech preprocessing, 93–94
Spreading
forward link, 133–140
forward link quadrature, 137–140 reverse link, 128–133
reverse link quadrature, 131–133 Spreading codes, 14–19 PN codes, 16–19 Walsh codes, 15–16 Spreading rate 1 (SR1), 114, 137–138 Spreading rate 3 (SR3), 114, 137–138 Spreading rates (SRs), 113–114 Spread spectrum communications, 11 Spread spectrum signal, 13
Standardization, international, 1–2
Standard organizations, regional, 4 Start-of-message (SOM) bit, 40 Streaming applications, 223 Subchannel structure, reverse power
control, 193–196 Subpacket code rate, 293–294 Subpacket identifiers (SPID), 281–282 Subpacket transmission, 282–283 Subscription quality of service manager
(SQM), 221
Substates, system access state, 155–156 Supplemental channel assignment message
(SCAM), 172
Supplemental channels, 135–137, 269 soft handoff for, 188
Supplemental code channels (SCCHs), 109, 117, 118, 171–172
Supplemental request message (SCRM), 172, 177
Switched-beam method, 80
Sync (synch) channel (SYNCH), 39–40, 122
Sync channel acquisition substate, 142, 144–145
Sync channel coding, 45f Sync channel frames, 40
Sync channel message, 39–40, 144–145 Sync channel message capsule, 40 Sync channel superframes, 40
Synchronized capsule indicator (SCI), 42 System access state, 155–167
System determination substate, 142, 143–144
System parameters message, 63 System services development, 5 T
T-ADD threshold, 182f, 185
TD-CDMA, 334–335. See also UTRA-TDD/TD-CDMA technology
Technical specification groups (TSGs), 4–5 Technology. See New concepts/technologies Terrestrial measurements, 227
3rd Generation Partnership Project II (3GPP2), xiii, 2. See also 3GPP2 entries
standardization of, 4–6
Third-Generation Partnership Projects, 2 Third generation (3G) wireless systems,
Three-way soft handoff, 59–60 3G call admission, 178
3GPP2 all-IP network model, 217–222 3GPP2 cdma2000 network model, 213–217 3G standards, xiii
3X system, 114 TIA-EIA95 system, 16
Time division duplexing (TDM), 234 Time division duplex (TDD) mode, 1 Timers
forward common channel, 146 system access state, 156
Time-switched transmit diversity (TSTD), 86
Timing change substate, 142, 145 Traffic channel correlators, 20 Traffic channel data rates, 115–119 Traffic channel frame modes, 33–34 Traffic channel handoff, IS95A, 59–64 Traffic channel operation, 169–199
allocation, 177–180 handoff, 180–192 power control, 192–199
service configuration/negotiation, 170–171
voice and data transmission, 171–180 Traffic channels. See also Forward traffic
channels; High-rate traffic channel; Reverse traffic channels
1xEV-DO, 236
open-loop power control on, 53 in 2G technologies, 67 Traffic channel scrambling, 124f Traffic load projection, voice and data
traffic, 324–328
Traffic-to-pilot ratio (TPR), 260 Transmission, duration of, 174 Transmit diversity (TD), 85–88
forward CDMA channel, 138 Transmit diversity pilot, 122 Transmit diversity pilot channel
(F-TDPICH), 109–110 Turbo codes, 82–85 Turbo encoders, 82, 125–128, 240, 291 Turbo interleavers, 82–83, 125, 240 2G call admission, 178 2G-CDMA networks, 4 2G cellular systems, xiii, 1
link adaptation in, 66 Two-way soft handoff, 59–60
U
UMTS-FDD (WCDMA), 331–332 UMTS network architecture, 336–337 UMTS terrestrial radio access (UTRAN),
331
Universal frequency reuse, 21–22 Universal handoff direction message, 181 Universal page message, 149
Universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) technologies, 2. See also UTRA-TDD/TD-CDMA technology Uplink auxiliary pilot, 257–258 Uplink rate control, improved, 259–260 User identity module (UIM), 214 Utility sublayer, 104
UTRA-TDD/TD-CDMA technology, 3 V
Variable channelization spreading, 69–71 Variable data rate mode, 118
Variable-rate data channel, 66 Virtual private network (VPN), 204 Visitor location register (VLR), 203 Vocoder modes, 89
Vocoders, variable-rate, 34–35, 88 Voice activity detection, 89 Voice activity factor, 25
Voice and data capacity performance, cdma2000, 318–320
Voice message system (VMS), 203 Voice services, flexible, 104
Voice transmission, on traffic channels, 171–180
W
Walsh channelization, 48f, 242 Walsh code allocation, 136
Walsh codes, 15–16, 18, 19, 31, 70, 117. See also Orthogonal Walsh codes Walsh covering, 70
Walsh functions, 129–130, 134–135, 137 Walsh function spreading sequence, 135 Wide area reference network (WARN),
227
Wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), 3, 70, 81, 331–332 physical layer features of, 332f Wireless intelligence networking (WIN)
entities, 216 Wireless networks, xiii
