Available Online at www.ijpret.com 841
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND
APPLIED RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
A PATH FOR HORIZING YOUR INNOVATIVE WORK
BORDER INTRUSION DETECTION AND SURVEILLANCE USING ENERGY-EFFICIENT
SMART WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
MS. PALLAVI KAWDE, PROF. AMIT FULSUNGE Tulsiramji Gaikwad -Patil college of Engineering and Technology, Nagpur, India Accepted Date: 05/03/2015; Published Date: 01/05/2015
Abstract: Border surveillance system includes extensive use of human resources. Recently various wireless technologies are being used by the border surveillance system in order to increase the efficiency and reliability of the system. Wireless sensor nodes are one of such methodologies. There are various parameters on which the research is being carried out. The basic parameter that has to be considered while using wireless sensor network is energy efficiency. This paper proposes the system to design energy aware hybrid border surveillance network. By using several layers of sensor network system and routing protocols the energy efficiency can be increased. Adjusting sensitivity and deployment techniques may also be one of the parameters for energy awareness.
Keywords:Sentry, Mote
Corresponding Author: MS. PALLAVI KAWDE
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Available Online at www.ijpret.com 842 INTRODUCTION
One of the key advantages of wireless sensor networks is their ability to reduce the gap between the physical and logical worlds, by collecting the information from the physical world and communicating that information to more advanced logical devices that can process it. Wireless Sensor network will eliminate the necessity of human interference in many information gathering and monitoring applications, especially in confined or dangerous spaces.
The low-cost and small size features of WSN will be able to deploy number of motes any field of interest. Such huge density allows more dense collection of data in spatial and temporal domains. Sensor nodes contains of three main parts: 1) Processing unit; 2) RF transceiver; and 3) Energy source. Multiple sensor nodes self-form themselves to form a network to exchange in-formation and deliver data to a common node called the sink node.
WSN has been applied in many applications , such as habitat monitoring, Point of Interest Building monitoring , pipeline monitoring , smart agriculture , and smart electrical grid . Researchers, also, have extended the concept of land WSN into marine sensor network. Because RF signals do not work under water, acoustic signals are used for communication. Marine wireless sensor networks offer an unmatched option to a wide range of different domains, such as monitoring coral reefs, fish habitats, and oil leaks from off- shore facilities. Meanwhile, real-time detection of border intrusion is becoming a tough factor of any country. Monitoring borders requires large amount of equipment’s and labor power. So wireless sensor networks would be an intelligent way to solve this problem. In the deployed region, the sensors could be organized as groups to construct a barrier. One important observation is the linearity of sensors’ energy consumption which means that the death of sensors could be predicted. So the research must pay more attention to the sink nodes to which indicate the weak zone. We actually discuss the methods to guarantee the quality of coverage and the new coverage model which could be more energy efficient.
I. NECESSITIES OF THE SYSTEM:
Available Online at www.ijpret.com 843 be reported to a remote base station within an acceptable latency. Several application requirements must be satisfied to make this system useful in practice:
• Longevity: The mission of a surveillance application typically lasts from a few days to several months. Due to the confidential nature of the mission and the inaccessibility of the hostile territory, it may not be possible to manually replenish the energy of the power constrained sensor devices during the course of the mission. Hence, the application requires energy-aware schemes that can extend the lifetime of the sensor devices, so that they remain available for the duration of the mission.
• Adjustable Sensitivity: The system should have an adjustable sensitivity to accommodate different kinds of environments and security requirements. In critical missions, a high degree of sensitivity is desired to capture all potential targets even at expense of possible false alarms. In other case, we want to decrease the sensitivity of the system, maintaining a low probability of false alarms in order to avoid inappropriate actions and unnecessary power dissipation.
• Stealthiness: It is crucial for military surveillance systems to have a very low possibility of being detected and intercepted. Miniaturization makes sensor devices hard to detect physically; however, RF signals can be easily intercepted if sensor devices actively communicate during the surveillance stage. A zero communication exposure is desired in the absence of significant events.
• Effectiveness: The precision in the location estimate and the latency in reporting an event are the metrics that determine the effectiveness of a surveillance system. Accuracy and latency are normally considered important metrics of tracking performance. However, the requirement of these two metrics can actually be slightly relaxed in many tracking applications. For example, it may be acceptable to obtain location estimation within a couple of feet and receive a detection report within a couple of seconds. We, therefore, focus primarily on the first three metrics mentioned above.
Available Online at www.ijpret.com 844 III. SYSTEM DESIGN
The key contribution of this work is the design and implementation of a wireless sensor network prototype that enables energy-efficient tracking and detection of events. Such a system is useful for surveillance applications, such as the one outlined in Section 2. The system we have designed is organized into a layered architecture comprised of higher-level services and lower-level components.
Available Online at www.ijpret.com 845 part of the software that runs on each mote. We use it primarily for visualization and debugging purposes. Optionally, the display software also has the logic to filter out any residual false alarms that have not been filtered out in the network. We now elaborate how the individual components of the system shown in interact with each other in the context of a typical tracking application. In particular, we discuss the design decisions that make the target system energy efficient and illustrate trade-offs between performance and energy-awareness.
IV. OVERVIEW
In this system we are using MICA2 node for the tracking purpose. The MICA2 is firstly initialized by synchronization. The communication route is set up and the system is configured to control the parameters. After this initialization process the power management is initialized.
The mote carries out each function as per configured time. The MICA2 bandwidth does not allow all the processes to be carried out simultaneously. If all of them try to be carried out simultaneously the interference will occur. The sentry position can be allocated with the start of every new cycle which will cause the uniform power dissipation in the network. In this system the new motes can be deployed any time and will be given the chance to carry out sentry responsibility.
STEP 1: While initializing the system the first step is time synchronization. The time synchronization can be carried out in various ways as beaconing. But the beaconing method cannot be used with the energy constrained system. As the beaconing process uses energy as well as inserts the time delay in the network. The important characteristics in the system are energy and stealthiness. So we can consider some part of synchronization for energy efficiency and stealthiness.
The other system used for time synchronization is the global positioning system. But global positioning system is a bulky and costlier as compared to other systems. The other system is the reference broadcast system; this maintains the information about frequency and clock of the neighboring nodes. This is then used to perform time synchronization in the system. to achieve the stealthiness of the system we carry out the time synchronization during initialization phase only, and the time drift added later can be removed by the start of the next cycle.
The time synchronization also play important role while establishing the routes in the network.
Available Online at www.ijpret.com 846 is to be covered by at least one sentry. And so the neighborhood table is prepared using this information.
STEP 3: The sentry selection process plays vital role. This process is carried out by each node at its own. The sentry can be declared by the node to itself by if it is the member of the network, and no other neighboring node is a sentry. If any node wants to become sentry it will convey it to others. If any node wants to become sentry it will send a message to its neighboring nodes. If at the same time any other node is intending to become sentry and it receives the message from the previous one, it will hold on its own message as the sentry of the group has been declared. The sentry selection process is generally carried out depending on the energy levels of the nodes. The node having highest energy level will become sentry so as to maintain the uniformity of energy levels of the node or motes. This sentry selection algorithm is self configuring and flexible. The coverage area of the sentries should also be considered. Depending on the sensing area of the sentry it should be declared.
STEP 4: Once the network architecture is finalized, all the nodes report their status to the base station. And these reports can be generated on the display device to identify the topology.
STEP 5: At this stage non sentry nodes are time driven, they remain in sleep mode during sleep duration and in awake mode during awake duration. Here the sleep and awake durations are time driven. The non sentry nodes remain awake for longer time if it receives beacon from the sentry nodes.
After establishing all these infrastructures the nodes comes in tracking mode, as soon as event occurs the nodes comes in tracking mode. And when event is lost they come to their original mode.
Available Online at www.ijpret.com 847 5. IMPLEMENTATION
The architecture described above is to be implemented on network simulator 2. NS is a discrete event simulator targeted at networking research. NS provides substantial support for simulation of TCP, routing, and multicast protocols over wired and wireless (local and satellite) networks. We are trying to implement this architecture on the network simulator.
7. REFERENES
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2. Tian He, Sudha Krishnamurthy, John A. Stankovic, Tarek Abdelzaher , Liqian Luo, Radu Stoleru, Ting Yan, Lin Gu
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4. V. Thattil and N. Vasantha. “Energy Efficient Approach to Intruder Detection in Militarily Sensitive Border Using Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE Conference on Electronics Computer Technology, 2011.
5. D. Yuping, H. Chang, Z. Zou and S. Tang, “Energy Aware Routing Algorithm for WSN Applications in Border Surveillance,” 2010 IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security, Wltham,.
